Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku: dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawn. Biblioteki Narodowej
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Text engl. und poln. |
| Beschreibung: | 66, 130 S. überw. Ill. 29 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788370097868 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Introduction
The collection
of
posters
published by Lublin
Jews is a significant contribution to the vast
body of literature on the city. The posters attest
to the immensely diverse political, social and cul¬
tural Jewish life in Lublin of the
1920s
and
1930s.
This valuable source materials, together with a set
of Jewish leaflets and broadsides, display an image
of a gone world. There is a lot of evidence of the
presence of anti-Semitism in the then society, but
primarily these collections are a unique historical
and social documentation.
The documents which survived the Holocaust
make up for the image of Jewish Lublin torn be¬
tween competing political parties, charity oriented,
enjoying cultural events and popular parties and
balls. In
1921
Lublin was inhabited by
37 337
Jews
(to the total population of
94,412
people). Ten
years later the numbers were, respectively,
38 935
Jews to the total of
112,285.
The
1931
census sho¬
wed that only
936
Jews declared Polish as their
mother tongue.
36,549
people declared Yiddish
and
1452 -
Hebrew.1
Jews of Lublin did not publish their own new¬
spaper in Polish, but many were reading Cracow
Nowy Dziennik
and
Lwow
Chwila.
Their main
occupations were trade and crafts. Some were
employed in the food or cloth manufacturing, or
some other industry. Some industrial plants were
Jewish owned. In
1939
the largest leather factory
in Lublin was a Jewish property.
The present collection of posters and other
ephemera depicts the existence and proceedings of
Jewish political parties and organisations.
The Zionist Organisation is featured on several
posters. Its origin is worth reminding. In the second
half of the 19th
с
anti-Semitism was growing in
1
T. Radzik,
Społeczność żydowska Lublina w międzywojen¬
nym dwudziestoleciu. Żydzi w Lublinie. Lublin
1995,
p.
143.
Europe, bringing in its wake the rise of the move¬
ment aiming at Jewish settlement in Palestine. The
early Zionist organisations included Hovevei Zion,
a movement whose leaders were Asher Ginsberg
and Menachem Ussishkin2. Political Zionism ope¬
ned a new chapter in the history of Jewish settle¬
ment in Palestine. Its founder,
Theodor Herzl,
published his
Der Judenstaat
(Jewish State) in 1895.3
Two years later he convened a world congress in
Basel, where the Zionist Organisation was establi¬
shed. Herzl was also engaged in the establishment
of the Jewish National Fund (Keren Kayemet
l Israël)
at the 5th Zionist Congress in Basel in
1901.
The Fund enabled Jews to buy land in Palestine
and settle there.4 The no.
79
poster broadcasts
a ceremony in memory of Ahad Ha Am (Asher
Ginsberg). He visited Palestine in
1891
in order to
survey the settlement opportunities on the wide
plain between Haifa and Acre. Menachem Ussi¬
shkin would later describe the event and the then
Jewish Palestine in such words: It was in the
month of Adar, thirty eight years ago. We travel¬
led across the land [Palestine] on horseback, five
young men, keenly looking around, observing all,
and pondering on what was to be done in Eretz.
The young men were: a beginning writer, Asher ben
Yeshayahu Ginsberg, who would come to fame
and be the teacher of the entire generation, one of
2
Menachem Ussishkin
(1863 1941)
was born in Russia.
He graduated from the Moscow Engineering University.
In
1917
he headed Jewish National Council in Ukraine. In
1919 1920
he participated in the peace negotiations in Paris
and London. A Zionist leader, he chaired the Jewish Na¬
tional Fund in
1923-1941.
3
Teodor
Herzl
(1860-1904) -
born in Budapest, writer,
journalist. The founder of the World Zionist Organization.
4
See more on the Jewish National Fund in: B.
Lçtocha,
Α.
Messer,
A. Cała, I. Jabłońska, Palestyna w żydowskich
drukach ulotnych.
Warsaw
2009.
13
INTRODUCTION
the People
-
Ahad Ha Am. Another was a youth
from Moscow, who had just graduated in law, but
would win recognition as the chief Rabbi of Moscow
and excellent spokesman
-
Yaakov ben Yeshayahu
Mazo.
The third youngster had recently arrived in
Eretz and headed the Hovevei Zion labour. He
came from as far as Elisavetgrod in Ukraine and
his name was Zeev ben Yona Tiomkin. His esteem
would later come from being a distinguished Zio¬
nist leader. The fourth young man was Yehoshua
Eisenstadt-Barzilai, who had settled in Eretz some
time earlier and would also come to importance
in the public life. And the fifth was me who is
now talking to you. We travelled across the entire
land, creating dreams in our minds eye and vow¬
ing to one another to dedicate our lives to the
liberation and revival of Eretz. In particular we
dreamt of three centres, Emek Israel, Emek Sha¬
ron and Emek Akko. To this very day I recollect
these sites with utmost accuracy. Thus we vowed
to bring about their liberation. My companions
were not fortunate enough to live up to see their
dreams come true and real. And I thank God for
His mercy on me, and say: Blessed be God of Isra¬
el for letting me live to this very day when, not
without my contribution, the holy deed of the
liberation of the Jezreel Valley, of Sharon Plain and
of Valley of Akko was completed, and they were
retrieved by the Jewish people. 5.
Another poster of the Zionist Organisation
(Fig.l) announces a festive Chanuka night with
many attractions. The festival of Chanukah used
to be an occasion to collect offerings for the Zio¬
nist cause. We can imagine delegates of the Jewish
National Fund arriving with their boxes to collect
money. The funds thus obtained would be used to
pursue the key Zionist goal: the purchase of land
in Palestine for the Jewish people.6
The no.
48
poster and a Lublin broadside refer
to a meeting with a poet, L. Yaffe. The broadside
advertises his verse:
The glass is full to the brim
With my pain, my agony.
To my people, to my land
I bring my heart, my blood.
The poet spoke about the new Palestine in con¬
struction, „my land , as he called it in his poem.
The Zionist Organisation would not only
support the construction of the Jewish national
5
M.
Usyszkin, Zew ziemi.
Cracow
1929,
pp.
23-24.
The
„land means Palestine (Eretz Israel); liberation of the val¬
leys
-
means purchase of land for Jewish settlement.
6
Exact sums of money collected by Zionists in Lublin and
delivered to the Jewish National Fund were published in
the Warsaw based journal Keren Kayemet Leisrael.
home in Palestine, not only train chalutzim in the
Diaspora getting them ready for their new tasks
in Eretz Israel, but also struggled for the civil
rights of Jews in Poland. Icchak Gruenbaum,
a deputy to the Polish Parliament, frequently
visited Lublin (Fig.
39),
whereas another deputy,
Apolinary
Hartglas,
addressed Zionist youth
about Jews fighting for their rights (Fig.
78).
Mak¬
symilian
Apolinary
Hartglas was
invited to the
meeting by the Herzliya organisation.
What was the political profile of Herzliya? The
Theodor Herzl
Zionist Youth Organisation, as its
name Herzliya indicated, declared in its platform
that its aim was to spread the Zionist idea in its
purest form among the Jewish young, students in
particular, as they were most exposed to the dan¬
ger of assimilation.
Herzliya contravened any symptom of assimi¬
lation in the Jewish life and upheld the ultimate
Zionist goal, which was the creation of a Jewish
state in Eretz Israel. The Herzliya members were
educated to pursue a productive life in Eretz, hence
the support for farms and workshops for chalutzim
in the galut. Hebrew was considered by them the
only Jewish national language. The Herzliya youth
were very actively acting on behalf of the Jewish
National Fund and similar funds, as well as of the
Hebrew University in Jerusalem. The group had
strong ties with the Zionist Organisation and
declared themselves a part of the World Zionist
Organisation.
A Herzliya member would thus encourage
young Jews
tojóin
his organisation:
[...]
There,
in our ancient Homeland, a new life is arising. As
if by magic, the vices of galut disappear.7 On our
Spring Hill there are no narrow, squalid streets of
a ghetto, no families crowded in basements, no
sign of a timid, pale Jewish shopkeeper. Instead,
you will hear the living language of the people,
language you must have heard in your childhood,
even if its memory has been blurred by time. The
living language of the people, beautiful spacious
streets, clean high houses. You will see a citizen
proudly strolling by a municipality of a Jewish city.
You will see an opera house and theatres, daily press
and libraries, museums and schools, public halls
and stadiums. Nobody will hit you, nor trespass
against you or your property. There is a new life, new
people there. Or, have you ever seen a Jewish village,
farmers with university diplomas, have you known
the world of Jewish labour and their culture?
[...]
Titus just broke the walls with his battering rams,
but he failed to defeat the Jews. We are alive! We have
7
Galut (golus)
-
diaspora, dispersion, exile.
14
INTRODUCTION
awakened from a long, long sleep. True, we have
wasted a lot of time in our sleep, but we are able
and hard-working, we shall overcome other nations
in the labour race. May you stand by? When shall
we see you in our ranks? Are you still hesitating? 8.
The no.
36
poster invited to a lecture, followed
by a series of pictures from the Working Palestine
on a screen. Polish Jews banded in the leagues and
associations of the Working Palestine and manifest¬
ed their views in the press, in leaflets and broadsid¬
es. They denounced the critics of the leftist mono¬
poly within the Zionist movement, who liked the
safety of their cosy chairs in the municipality offi¬
ces and in kehillot better than making Zionism real
on the hard and rocky deserts of Palestine .9
As we read in an article published in a special
one-off issue:
[...]
Jewish youth have been inspi¬
red by profound and creative faith as for the first
time in twenty centuries they have now again the
opportunity to serve humankind through the se¬
rvice to their own nation. Striving for the libera¬
tion of mankind, the young Jews used to bestow
their blood and hard labour at the altars of others.
Those offerings were for the most part futile and
unappreciated, because the Jew, the wandering,
homeless Jew was not to be trusted. He was always
suspected of trying to kill two birds with one stone
and having his own interests in mind.
[...]
And here
in the 20th century the Jewish youth have decided
to serve the God of the entire humankind keen on
the progressive and just reconstruction of the world
-
at their own altar. The avant-garde the this youth,
the priest by their altar, is a Jewish worker in Pale¬
stine. The utmost inner transformation of the
30,000
Jewish workers in Palestine has no precedence
in the world and in history. By their own free will
and power of their commitment they changed to
create a new society based on the idea of joint ef¬
fort, without the exploited nor the exploiters. 10.
The Lublin branch of Hashomer Hatzair, the
Zionist-socialist youth organisation, published
a poster on the occasion of a Chanukah night.
Hashomer Hatzair were very active all over Poland,
publishing journals, board bulletins, circulars,
leaflets. In their texts the miserable plight of the
Jewish people dispersed all over the world was
featured. The rise of anti-Semitism made the need
8
Herclija.
Jednodniówka.
Lodz
1929,
p.
1.
9
B.
Łętocha,
Α.
Messer,
A. Cala,
I. Jablonská,
Palestyna
w żydowskich drukach...,
op. cit.,
fig.
116,
p.
90.
10
Ben Josef,
Młodzież żydowska a Pracująca Palestyna,
[in:]
Awoda (Praca). Biuletyn młodzieży sjonistycznej. Jednodniów¬
ka.
Lodz 1929,
p.
2.
1
В.
Łętocha, Z. Glowicka, Afisz żydowski w
II
Rzeczypo¬
spolitej.
Warsaw
2001,
fig.
41,
p.
84.
for a Jewish national home all the more urgent. Ha¬
shomer Hatzair trained its members for their work
in Eretz Israel at hachsharas (farms). The organi¬
sation organised bazaars and other fundraising
events in support of the Jewish National Fund.
The Mizrachi organisation urged Jewish public
to donate to the Keren Hechalutz Fund and to
support religious chalutzim. Mizrachi believed in
the essentiality of founding the Jewish national
home in Eretz Israel on the Torah and religion.12
In Lublin the revisionist organisations were also
active. The founder of the revisionist movement
within Zionism was Vladimir (Zeev) Jabotinsky.13
He advanced a program of armed combat against
the British mandate administration and against
Arab organisations and urged the establishment of
a Jewish state on both sides of the Jordan. Pilsud-
ski s Legions were an obvious inspiration for Jabo¬
tinsky. For the lack of revisionist posters printed in
Lublin in the National Library collection, we pre¬
sent a broadside published by the Union of Zio¬
nist Revisionists concerning the election of delega¬
tes to the 15th Zionist Congress. The text is critical
of the policy of the World Zionist Organisation.14
Another active party in Lublin was the Bund
(Fig.
95).
In one of their broadsides from June
1927,
concerning the municipal election, the Bund leaders
pointed to the extremely difficult housing situation
of the Lublin Jewish poor families, crowded in
damp basements, attics, or even in the gateways on
streets. According to the text, the Bund councillors
were the only ones to ever defend the poor lodgers,
and the housing crisis could not be overcome
without a socialist majority in the municipal self-
-government. The Bund urged Jews to boycott the
so-called united blocs, whose aim was to usher
rigid reactionaries into the City Council.15
As we read in another Bund broadside, re¬
presentatives of the party were stopped, even by
means of police intervention, from speaking at
four rallies of the bourgeois electoral factions.16
12
B.
Łętocha,
Α.
Messer,
A. Cala,
I. Jablonská,
Palestyna
w żydowskich drukach..., fig.
137,
p.
98.
13
Vladimir (Zeev)
Jabotinsky (Włodzimierz Żabotyński)
(1880-1940) -
born in
Odessa,
writer, poet, translator and
publicist. With J. Trumpeldor, he initiated the Jewish Le¬
gion, whose soldiers participated in the freeing of Palestine
from under the Turkish rule. Zionist leader, ideologist and
founder of the revisionist movement, of the New Zionist
Organisation.
14
B.
Łętocha,
Α.
Messer,
A. Cala, Żydowskie druki ulotne
w
II
Rzeczypospolitej w zbiorach Biblioteki Narodowej.
Vol.
1.
Warsaw
2004,
fig.
381,
p.
116.
15
Ibidem, fig.
46,
p.
33.
United
blocs and rigid reactio¬
naries stand for the United Jewish National Bloc.
16
Ibidem, fig.
48,
p.
34.
15
INTRODUCTION
To
encourage
Jewish
public
to vote for them,
the Bund candidates put forward the following
electoral slogans: work and bread for all, health
care (building hospitals and clinics), secular schools,
promotion of culture and education by folk uni¬
versities, general and vocational courses.
The same municipal election prompted the Je¬
wish Electoral Committee of
Poale Zion
to publish
a poster (no.
98)
and a broadside, both arguing
against bourgeois and rightist electoral lists. Yet
it is the Bund, who is the target of the most fierce
attack of
Poale Zion.
The latter denounced the
former for its alliance with the Polish Socialist Party
(PPS)
and thus backing up its anti-Jewish policy.
The examples of such policy included: the
PPS
voted against making Yiddish an official langu¬
age of the Health Fund and abstained from vo¬
ting for the right to employ Jews in the Fund.17 The
Committee ran for the election with their own list.
The United Jewish National Bloc (Fig.
99, 100)
ran for the
1927
municipal election as well. The
Bloc consisted of Zionist parties,
Agudas
Isroel,
Mizrachi, merchants and craftsmen organisations,
women s unions and unaffiliated Orthodox gro¬
ups. The electoral platform of the Bloc included
demands concerning building plans, supply of
electricity, water and gas. It formulated require¬
ments for the development of schooling system,
physical education, health care, as well as mother
and child, orphans and the elderly care. In one of
the Bloc documents a point is made about Jews
putting up six competing lists, whereas Christian
Poles, although twice as numerous as Jews in Lu¬
blin, were satisfied with four lists. The dispersion
of Jewish votes played into the hands of anti-Se¬
mites, enhancing their chances of winning a ma¬
jority in the new City Council. Inadequate Jewish
representation in this body would result in the
failure to solve specifically Jewish social, econo¬
mic, cultural and educational issues.18 The Bloc
entreated Jewish women to make use of their right
to vote. Non-affiliated Orthodox Jews campaigned
for the United Jewish National Bloc in their own
electoral broadside.19
The
Agudas
Isroel party, whose leadership de¬
cided to join the United Bloc, reassured Jews that
its councilors would demand subsidies for Tal-
mud-Torah schools, proportionally to the number
of students, as well as subsidies for other
Agudas
schools and institutions.20
17
Ibidem, fig.
49,
p.
34.
18
ibidem, fig.
55,
p.
35.
19
Ibidem, fig.
52,
p.
35.
20
Ibidem, fig.
53,
p.
35.
16
The United Jewish National Bloc won just
five seats. The
1927
municipal election meant
a triumph of the socialists. The Bund ushered eight
councillors. Two of them sat in the executive com¬
mittee. Sh. Hershenhorn became one of the vice
presidents of the City Council. Another Bund
representative sat at the municipal board.
Lublin was among twenty cities and towns in
the former Congress Poland whose municipal
councils were dominated by socialists. Still, in its
province, Lublin was the only one such city.21
Jews had various educational and cultural orga¬
nisations. Political parties strove to provide young
people with education in the spirit of their own
ideology. The Zionist Organisation used to run
schools true to Hebrew culture. They were founded
by Tarbut. On the other hand, the Jewish School
Organisation was under the influence of the Bund
·■
and
Poale Zion.
It sustained secular schools with
Yiddish as the language of instruction and the
inspiration to cherish Yiddish culture. The Lublin
branch advertised the addresses of those schools, en¬
couraging parents to enrol their children. Jewish
school was supposed to bring up a model intelligent¬
sia person a modern Jew (Fig.
125).
Lublin streets
saw people selling stamps (badges) to collect money
to support secular public Jewish schools (Fig.
67).
In April
1924
the Week for Jewish Schools
was declared (Fig.
26).
People s school by the
Sila
;
(Strength) Workers Consumer Co-operative publi¬
shed a poster with its curriculum. It was consistent
with the public education program and extended
to include Jewish history, the Bible, Yiddish and
ì
Hebrew classes (Fig.
17).
Other posters issued by
this particular school invited to public lectures by
;
renowned figures, such as Chaim Zhitlowsky and
Shalom
Asch.
The network of Javneh schools was controlled
by the Mizrachi organisation. The curriculum
included Judaic and secular subjects. The schools
prepared their students for the life in both Poland
and Palestine.
Agudas
Isroel ran evening courses for young wor¬
kers and students to augment their Judaic know¬
ledge (Fig. 111). In order to encourage young people
to learning, the
Agudas
leadership in Lublin coined
a phrase in a broadside: Remember, you still
have a chance not to be
ignorants. 22
The executive
declared that the Orthodox youth would have the
21
J.
Marczuk, Rada Miejska i Magistrat Lublina
1918-1939.
¡
Lublin
1984,
pp.
84-91. 1
22
В.
Lętocha, A.
Messen
A. Cała, Z. Głowicka, Żydowskie |
druki ulotne w
Π
Rzeczypospolitej w zbiorach Biblioteki Na- |
rodowe].
Vol.
2.
Warsaw
2006,
fig.
276,
p.
137.
J
INTRODUCTION
opportunity to study secular subjects as well. The
courses could be attended by students aged
14
to
18.
The Leon Shper high school (gymnasium) issu¬
ed a poster on the occasion of a show by the ama¬
teur theatre group by the Students Self Help socie¬
ty (Fig.
89).
The play was directed by Dr.
Rajch
and
staged at the
Nowości
Theatre. Information about
original costumes of student actors must have at¬
tracted additional spectators. The revenue from the
show would be allocated to help worse off students.
Jewish youngsters of Lublin attended also Polish
public schools.
Regardless of age, Lublin Jews could enhance
their knowledge by listening to lectures offered by
the Jewish League for Popular Education (posters
nos.
52,120,124).
The Society of Evening Courses
for Workers launched far ranging program of pu¬
blic lectures
(nos.
36, 40
etc.), organised evening
memorial events, propagated sports.23 The Society s
explicitly leftist orientation incurred attacks of
both the Orthodox and Zionists.
The Sholem Alechem Library in the
Piasków
suburb of Lublin also invited to lectures and
discourses (Fig.
113).
Trade unions were engaged in the cultural activi¬
ties, too. Jews either set up their own unions or else
joined the Polish ones. Unions were usually related
to various political parties. The Confederation of
Class Trade Unions united Jewish trade unions. The
posters printed by the organisation in Lublin bear
a slightly different name in Yiddish: Rat fun
di Prof.
Klasn Faraynen (Council of Class Trade Unions).
Posters were issued by the trade unions of
clothing industry, food and meat manufacturers,
commerce, printing, tailoring and hair dressing
employees. At the premises of the Commerce
Workers Trade Union at
24,
Lubartowska
Street,
the inauguration of the People s University was
held (Fig.
70).
Jews of Lublin often visited this place
to take part in cultural events, ceremonies, parties
and balls. The Union did even have an Amusement
Committee (Fig.
18).
The poor Jews of Lublin could ask for help at
various charity organisations and associations.
Jewish charity system in interwar Poland func¬
tioned in three categories of welfare care: a) social
welfare, focused on poverty in the common sense
of the term, b) welfare care, aimed at counterac¬
ting all anomalies specific for Jewish life, and at
steering the charges into normal economic functio¬
ning, c) emergency relief care in case of sudden di-
23
J. Doroszewski,
Życie oświatowe społeczeństwa żydowskie¬
go w Lublinie w latach
1918-1939.
Żydzi w Lublinie. Lublin
1995,
pp.
190-191.
sasters,
aimed at saving the victims and minimising
most dangerous after-effects of such catastrophes.
Future emigrants posed a separate challenge or
a care system.
The first category comprised charity as such,
care for orphans
-
and children in general, also
health care. The second category involved changes
in the employment structure and the functioning
of interest-free loans funds.24
The
nos.
13, 55
and
86
posters were published
by a Jewish charity in Lublin. Its name was The
Care for the Elderly and Orphans (or Care for
Children and the Elderly). It was established in
1862
to continue as long as
1942,
when its residents
were murdered by the Germans. All this time it was
sustained by the Jewish Community. The number
of residents was planned at
30,
but due to extreme
poverty and lack of similar centres, the institution
accommodated up to
150
children and
15
elderly
persons. Living conditions in the house did not
meet any requirements for such institutions and
defied basic rules of hygiene. The place was so
overcrowded that several children had to sleep in
one bed. Children used the same rooms and utensils
as the sick or incapacitated elderly persons, being
constantly exposed to contagious diseases, and
to psychological traumas resulting from everyday
contact with dire destitution and disability. 25
Bikur Choilim was another organisation help¬
ing the poor and sick Jews since
1871.
The society
subsidised doctors fees, medical examination,
hospital care, purchase of medications. The funds
came from the state administration, from the Jewish
Community, as well as from the sale of tickets to
performances, concerts, parties, and balls organi¬
sed by its members. May the no.
75
poster serve as
an example of such event: members of the Literary
and Drama Group invited to their show, directed
by H.
Blat.
Another attractions of the evening
were a show by Ch.
Blach,
a popular athlete, and
a final dancing party. The poster is signed by the
Bikur Choilim society.
Linas
Hatzedek society (Fig.
62)
pursued a simi¬
lar line of activity. The society offered assistance
also to moderately well off people. It was affilia¬
ted to the Rabbinate and very popular among the
Jews of Lublin. The society provide subsistence
allowances, medications, clothes, food, cost-free
doctor s visits and vaccinations.26
24
A. Tartakower,
Opieka społeczna
we
współczesnym żydo-
stwie. „Przegląd Społeczny .
Lwow
1939,
no.
7/8,
pp.
147 148.
25
Za: J. Doroszewski, Życie oświatowe społeczeństwa żydow¬
skiego w Lublinie..., p.
188.
xK.ZieMski,
Żydzi Lubelszczyzny
1914 1918.
Lublin
1999,
p.
99.
17
INTRODUCTION
Tomehai Aniyim Society
to Aid the Needy was
another charity organisation active in Lublin from
1912.
No Lublin documents illustrating the actions
of the organisation were found in the National
Library holdings, but the broadsides from other
cities indicate Tomchai Aniyim was running soup
kitchens for the unemployed, after school rooms
for the needy children attending public elementary
schools, clinics for the poor, free legal advice. Gift
parcels were distributed on the occasion of Rosh
Hashana,
Sukkot,
Pesách
and Shavuot. Free entry
coupons to city baths or to hair-dresser s were also
distributed.
Money and article allowances, accommodation
for the homeless inhabitants of Lublin and to the
new arrivals to the city, were offered by the Achi
Ezra society (Achi
Ezer
Brotherly Aid). Although
its statutes were admitted in
1916,
the society had
been aiding the needy prior to that date. Donations
came from the administration, from the Jewish
Relief Committee, from its own members and the
public. Funds were also raised at the events organi¬
sed for this purpose.27 And thus, the no.
115
poster
advertised a great masquerade ball at the premises
of the Commerce Workers Trade Union at
24,
Lubartowska
Street. The bearer of the most origi¬
nal masque was promised a prize. The revenue from
the ball would prop the charity action on
Pesách.
Another poster in the collection of the National
Library, inviting to the Commerce Workers Trade
Union at
24,
Lubartowska
Street, was issued in
Lublin by the Tomchai Noiflim society in
1923.
The program of the event included a one-act drama
and a concert of Jewish folk songs, to be followed
by a dancing party, led by a professional ballet
master.28
The no.
34
poster attests to the activities of the
Zichron
Hanes
(Memory of Kindness) Jewish Wel¬
fare Society. The income from a big dancing party
with surprises was allotted to poor Jews of Lublin.
Auxilium Academicum
Judaicum
gave subsi¬
dies to university associations, allowances to poor
students, organised summer vacations for some of
them. In
Siedlce
the income from a ball went to
students who were drafted to the army. In War¬
saw, the society contributed to the construction of
students dormitory in the
Praga
district. In Lu¬
blin, a carnival party was arranged to raise funds
to assist students (poster no.
112).
To the first category of welfare institutions (as
defined above) belonged also the Jewish Health
27
Ibidem, p.
99
28
B.
Lętocha, Z.
Glowicka,
Afisz żydowski.
..,
fig.
99,
p.
135.
Society (TOZ). TOZ published journals, brochu¬
res, posters, leaflets, organised lectures. The TOZ
campaign was for hygiene and healthy life style. The
society opened up
ТВ
prevention clinics, pregnant
women, mother and child care centres, extended
health care to school children and the youth. TOZ
had baths and hygienic and prevention centres. The
no.
91
and
92
posters urged Jewish society of Lub¬
lin to contribute financially to the construction of
a Jewish hospital. A broadside informed about the
Health Week in Lublin, June
13
through
20,1927.
News in the broadside included info on new centres,
on summer colonies at Zaklikow, for
120
children
from both religious and secular schools, summer
day care in Lublin with sports sessions at the
Hakach
club stadium and meals.29
The second category of social welfare organi¬
sations stands for Interest Free Loan Funds, func¬
tioning Poland wide, Lublin including. The Funds
were granting help to merchants and craftsmen who
were seriously affected by the Great Depression.
Relief actions in case of sudden disasters were
undertaken by all organisations, whether in the first
or second category. Beside their regular, statute
duties, emergency made those organisations act on
behalf of Jews whose life or health was suddenly en¬
dangered. Such emergency occurred in October
1938
when Jews with Polish citizenship were instantly
expelled from Germany. Crowded in Zbaszyn, de¬
prived of any means of subsistence, for the most part
penniless, without clothes, those Jews received relief
help from all Jewish organisations and institutions
from entire Poland. The Central Relief Committee
for the Refugees was set up with D. Moses Schorr
as its president, as well as local committees.
The National Library does not hold any posters
nor broadsides printed in Lublin in the
1930s,
not
even ones documenting the Community activity
nor any relief organisations.
The items are listed in chronological order,
followed by the documents without any date.
Authors give sincere thanks to the staff of the
Deacidification and Sheet Recovery Section of the
Conservation Department of the National Library
for restoring the original beauty of the posters.
Without their expertise and hard work this beau¬
tiful collection of documents produced by the Jews
of Lublin could not have been made accessible to
historians and all those who share our interest in
the history of those Polish citizens so tragically
destroyed along with their culture.
29
B.
Łętocha,
Α.
Messer,
A. Cala, Żydowskie druki ulotne.
..,
vol. l,fig.
364,
p. 111.
18
Spis
tresei
Przedmowa
5
Wykaz skrótów
12
Introduction
13
Abbreviations
19
Contents
20
Noty biograficzne
21
Bibliografia
32
Afisz żydowski w Lublinie
33
Indeks nazwisk
58
Indeks organizacji, instytucji i stowarzyszeń
61
Indeks drukarń
64
Spis ilustracji
65
|
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)815935543 (DE-599)BVBBV040445760 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1920-1930 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1920-1930 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV040445760 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:24:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
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| language | English Polish |
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| spelling | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library Barbara Łętocha ; Zofia Głowicka ; Izabela Jabłońska Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s Warszawa Wydawn. Biblioteki Narodowej 2011 66, 130 S. überw. Ill. 29 cm. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Text engl. und poln. Biblioteka Narodowa Warschau (DE-588)1002214-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1920-1930 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Plakat (DE-588)4046198-1 gnd rswk-swf Lublin (DE-588)4036418-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4145395-5 Bildband gnd-content (DE-588)4163417-2 Katalog gnd-content Lublin (DE-588)4036418-5 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Plakat (DE-588)4046198-1 s Geschichte 1920-1930 z DE-604 Biblioteka Narodowa Warschau (DE-588)1002214-4 b Łętocha, Barbara Sonstige oth Głowicka, Zofia Sonstige oth Jabłońska, Izabela 1959- Sonstige (DE-588)107932562X oth Biblioteka Narodowa (Warschau) Sonstige (DE-588)1002214-4 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025293499&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025293499&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library Biblioteka Narodowa Warschau (DE-588)1002214-4 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Plakat (DE-588)4046198-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1002214-4 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4046198-1 (DE-588)4036418-5 (DE-588)4145395-5 (DE-588)4163417-2 |
| title | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library |
| title_alt | Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s |
| title_auth | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library |
| title_exact_search | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library |
| title_full | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library Barbara Łętocha ; Zofia Głowicka ; Izabela Jabłońska |
| title_fullStr | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library Barbara Łętocha ; Zofia Głowicka ; Izabela Jabłońska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library Barbara Łętocha ; Zofia Głowicka ; Izabela Jabłońska |
| title_short | Afisze Żydów lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych XX wieku |
| title_sort | afisze zydow lubelskich wydane w latach dwudziestych xx wieku dokumenty ze zbiorow biblioteki narodowej jewish posters published in lublin in the 1920s documents from the collection of the national library |
| title_sub | dokumenty ze zbiorów Biblioteki Narodowej = Jewish posters published in Lublin in the 1920s : documents from the collection of the National Library |
| topic | Biblioteka Narodowa Warschau (DE-588)1002214-4 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Plakat (DE-588)4046198-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biblioteka Narodowa Warschau Juden Plakat Lublin Bildband Katalog |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025293499&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025293499&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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