The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tartu
Tartu University Press
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Estonian archaeology
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 384 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9789949199365 |
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1100 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1814344206647296000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
List of
Figures
її
Abbreviations
16
Introduction
Chronology
17
About this work
19
Acknowledgements
23
Chapter
1.
Historical and Natural Background
1.1.
Early medieval Europe
25
1.2.
Written references to Estonian territory
29
1.2.1.
Icelandic sagas
29
1.2.2.
Scandinavian rune stones
31
1.2.3.
Latin and East Slavonic chronicles
32
1.2.4.
Summary
35
1.3.
Changes in natural conditions
35
1.3.1.
Climate change
35
1.3.2.
Neotectonic uplift
37
Chapter
2.
Settlements and Households
2.1.
Forts and settlement sites
39
2.1.1.
The distribution and typology of forts
41
-5-
The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia
2.1.2.
Migration Period forts
43
2.1.3.
Pre-Viking Age and Viking Age forts
45
2.1.4.
The fortifications of forts
51
2.1.5.
Fort-and-settlement centres
56
2.1.6.
The fort and settlement of Jur'ev in Tartu
59
2.1.7.
Valgjärv
lake settlement
62
2.1.8.
Other settlements
63
2.1.9.
Buildings
65
2.2.
Household tools and everyday items
69
2.2.1.
Grinding stones
69
2.2.2.
Pottery
69
2.2.2.1.
Iru-type pottery
70
2.2.2.2.
Rõuge-type
pottery
76
2.2.2.3.
Rare handmade pottery
79
2.2.2.4.
Slavic-type wheel-thrown earthenware
82
2.2.3.
Metal vessels
86
2.2.4.
Vessels made of wood or bark
87
2.2.5.
Lid of a small antler box
87
2.2.6.
Wooden hook
87
2.2.7.
Fire-making devices
88
2.2.8.
Knives
90
2.2.9.
Whetstones
91
2.2.10.
Combs
91
2.2.11.
Tweezers
92
2.2.12.
Locks and keys
93
2.2.13.
Nails
93
2.3.
Summary
03
Chapter
3.
Main Sources of Sustenance
3.1.
Land cultivation qc
3.1.1.
Remains of fields
05
-6-
Contents
3.1.2.
Agricultural tools
99
3.1.2.1.
Hoe blades
99
3.1.2.2.
Ard-shares
99
3.1.2.3.
Scythe-knives and scythes
101
3.1.2.4.
Sickles
102
3.1.3.
Palaeobotanical data
102
3.2.
Cattle raising
105
3.3.
Hunting, fishing, and forest produce
108
3.3.1.
Hunting and fishing tools
108
3.3.2.
Bones of wild animals and fish
109
3.3.3.
Forest produce
111
3.4.
Summary
m
Chapter
4.
Handicrafts and Early Industry
4.1.
Production sites
113
4.1.1.
Iron production sites
113
4.1.2.
Smelting sites for non-ferrous metals
117
4.1.3.
Production sites for clay pottery
118
4.1.4.
Residues and unfinished pieces of bone working
118
4.2.
Tools for handicrafts
119
4.2.1.
Smithing tools
119
4.2.2.
Equipment for non-ferrous metal working
120
4.2.3.
Leatherworking tools
123
4.2.4.
Axes and other woodworking tools
123
4.2.5.
Textile tools
128
4.2.6.
Other handicraft tools
131
4.3.
Jewellery and clothing
131
4.3.1.
Jewellery
132
4.3.1.1.
Brooches
132
4.3.1.2.
Pins
138
4.3.1.3.
Small bronze pins
144
-7-
The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia
4-Зл4-
Breast chains and components thereof
145
4.3.1.5.
Beads
147
4.3.1.6.
Pendants
150
4.3.1.7.
Neck rings
156
4.3.1.8.
Bracelets
161
4.3.1.9.
Finger rings
164
4.3.2.
Belts and components thereof
166
4.3.2.1.
Buckles
167
4.3.2.2.
Belt distributors, loops, ends, and fastening plates
168
4.3.2.3.
Mounts
169
4.3.2.4.
Chatelaine chains
172
4.3.3.
Knife sheaths
172
4.3.4.
Agraffes
173
4.3.5.
Textile finds and clothing
174
4.3.6.
Development and regional features in jewellery fashion
177
4.4.
Weapons and riding gear
180
4.4.1.
Weapons
180
А.Алл.
Swords and sword components
181
4.4.1.2.
Seaxes
186
4.4.1.3.
Scabbard fittings
188
4.4.1.4.
Spearheads
189
4.4.1.5.
Arrowheads
197
4.4.1.6.
Shield parts
200
4.4.2.
Riding gear
203
4.4.2.1.
Bridle parts
203
4.4.2.2.
Stirrups
205
4.4.2.3.
Spurs
205
4.4.3.
Development of weaponry
206
4.5.
Production volumes and organization
209
4.6.
Summary
214
Contents
Chapter
5.
Trade and Exchange
5.1.
Trade space of northern Europe
219
5.2.
Economic hoards
220
5.2.1.
Concept of 'hoard' and its varieties
220
5.2.2.
Economic hoards consisting of jewellery or jewellery and weapons
222
5.2.3.
Distribution and find context of coin hoards
223
5.2.4.
Composition of coin hoards
224
5.2.5.
Use of silver as currency
228
5.3.
Goods
231
5.3.1.
Domestic trade
231
5.3.2.
Imported goods
231
5.3.3.
Exported goods
232
5.4.
Trading
234
5.4.1.
Traders
234
5.4.2.
Trade relations
236
5.4.3.
Places and times of trading
238
^.^. Means of transport and roads
239
5.5.1.
Boat and ship remains
239
5.5.2.
Harbours and landing places
241
5.5.3.
Roads and traffic on inland bodies of water
243
5.5.4.
Draught animals and implements
246
5.6.
Summary
247
Chapter
6.
Burial Practices and Religion
6.1.
Graves
251
6.1.1.
Re-use of tar and and stone-cist graves
254
6.1.2.
Cairn graves and stone grave-fields
256
6.1.3.
Cremation burials surrounded with a stone circle
261
6.1.4.
Underground cremation burials
264
6.1.5.
Cremation barrows
269
-9-
The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia
6.1.6.
Cremation sites 274
6.1.7.
Boat burials
275
6.1.8.
Mortuary houses
2.77
6.1.9.
Underground inhumation burials
280
6.1.10.
Number and distribution of graves
284
6.1.11.
Animal bones in graves
285
6.1.12.
Grave goods and other objects in graves
288
6.2.
Votive deposits
291
6.2.1.
Votive deposits of weapons and tools
292
6.2.2.
Votive deposits of jewellery
294
6.2.3.
Motives of depositing and sacrifice
296
6.3.
Religious objects
298
6.4.
Religious beliefs
299
6.5.
Summary
302
Chapter
7.
Land and People
7.1.
Population size
305
7.2.
Settlement units
312
7.3.
Social stratification
315
7.4.
Lifestyle of the elite
317
7.5.
Centres and regions of power
318
7.6.
Regional differences within Estonia
321
7.7.
Summary
325
General Conclusions
327
References
Abbreviations
331
Manuscripts
331
Published sources
333
Index of Archaeological Sites
377
-10- |
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| author | Tvauri, Andres |
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| era | Geschichte 450-1050 gnd Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1100 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 450-1050 Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1100 |
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| geographic_facet | Estland |
| id | DE-604.BV040418619 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-30T13:04:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789949199365 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025271414 |
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| physical | 384 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
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| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Tartu University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Estonian archaeology |
| series2 | Estonian archaeology Humaniora. Archeologica |
| spelling | Tvauri, Andres aut The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia Andres Tvauri Tartu Tartu University Press 2012 384 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Estonian archaeology 4 Humaniora. Archeologica Geschichte 450-1050 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1100 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd rswk-swf Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd rswk-swf Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 g Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 s Geschichte 500 v. Chr.-1100 z DE-604 Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 450-1050 z 1\p DE-604 Estonian archaeology 4 (DE-604)BV022273490 4 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025271414&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Tvauri, Andres The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia Estonian archaeology Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4006287-9 (DE-588)4015587-0 |
| title | The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia |
| title_auth | The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia |
| title_exact_search | The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia |
| title_full | The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia Andres Tvauri |
| title_fullStr | The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia Andres Tvauri |
| title_full_unstemmed | The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia Andres Tvauri |
| title_short | The migration period, pre-viking age, and viking age in Estonia |
| title_sort | the migration period pre viking age and viking age in estonia |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Bevölkerung Estland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025271414&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV022273490 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tvauriandres themigrationperiodprevikingageandvikingageinestonia |