X-rays, neutrons and muons: photons and particles for material characterization
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
2012
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 233 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527307746 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149468088500224 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: X-rays, neutrons and muons
Autor: Fischer, Walter Emil
Jahr: 2012
VII
Contents
Foreword V
Preface XI
About the Book XIII
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Some Historical Remarks 3
1.2 The Experimental Methods 2
1.3 The Solid as a Many Body 6
1.4 Survey over the Spectral Region of a Solid 9
References 3 3
2 The Probes, their Origin and Properties 33
2.1 Origin 33
2.1.1 The Photon 33
2.1.2 The Electron 13
2.1.3 The Muon 13
2.1.4 The Neutron 34
2.2 Properties 15
2.2.1 Electrons, Muons, and Neutrons 35
2.2.2 Photons 38
2.2.3 Photons in a Medium 24
2.3 Magnetic Field of the Probing Particles 25
3 Interaction of the Probes with the Constituents of Matter 27
3.1 The Nuclear Interaction of Neutrons 27
3.1.1 Interaction with Free Nuclei 27
3.1.2 Bound Scattering Length 32
3.1.3 Spin and Isospin Considerations 33
3.1.4 Summary and Conclusions 35
3.2 Interaction of X-Rays with Atomic Constituents 36
3.2.1 Introduction 36
3.2.2 The Interaction of a Point Charge with an Electromagnetic Field 37
3.2.3 Scattering of Light at Atomic Constituents 40
VIII Contents
3.2.3.1 Elastic Scattering 42
3.2.3.2 Inelastic Scattering 43
3.2.4 Photoemission 44
3.2.5 Summary and Conclusions 46
3.3 Magnetic Interaction 49
3.3.1 Neutrons and Muons as Probes 49
3.3.2 X-Rays as Probes 53
3.3.3 Summary and Conclusion 54
3.4 Corollar 55
3.4.1 Neutrons 55
3.4.2 X-rays 55
3.4.3 Magnetic Interaction 56
References 58
4 Scattering on (Bulk-)Samples 59
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 The Sample as a Thermodynamic System 59
4.2.1 The Hamiltonian 59
4.2.2 Partitioning into Subsystems 63
4.2.2.1 Oscillation of the Ionic Lattice-Phonons 62
4.2.2.2 Oscillation of the Charge Density-Plasmons 63
4.2.3 The Interaction of the Probe with the Subsystem 64
4.3 The Scattering Experiment 66
4.3.1 The Differential Cross-Section and the Dynamical
Scattering Function 66
4.3.2 Coherent and Incoherent Scattering 71
4.3.3 Correlation Functions 73
4.3.4 Elastic and Inclusive Scattering 75
4.3.5 Inelastic Scattering 79
4.3.5.1 Kinematics and Accessibility 79
4.3.5.2 Inelastic Cross-Section 80
4.4 Properties of the Scattering and Correlation Function 83
4.4.1 Mass and Charge Densities as Observables 84
4.4.2 Electronic Currents and Magnetization as Observables 86
4.4.2.1 Centrosymmetric Sample 86
4.4.2.2 No Reflection Symmetry 87
4.5 General Form of Spin-Dependent Cross-Sections 88
4.5.1 Introduction 88
4.5.2 Neutrons 89
4.5.3 X-Rays (Nonresonanf) 92
4.5.4 The Cross-Sections 95
4.5.4.1 Nuclear Neutron Scattering 96
4.5.4.2 Magnetic Neutron Scattering 98
4.5.4.3 Magnetic X-Ray Scattering 107
4.5.5 Spectroscopy 336
Contents IX
4.5.5.1 X-Rays 116
4.5.5.2 Neutrons 117
4.6 Summary and Conclusions 123
4.6.1 Nuclear Neutron Scattering Considering Nuclear Spins
(Randomly Oriented) and Isospin 123
4.6.2 Magnetic Neutron Scattering 123
4.6.3 X-Ray Scattering 124
4.6 A Dichroism 124
4.6.5 Spectroscopy 124
References 125
5 General Theoretical Framework 127
5.1 Time Development of the Density Operator 127
5.1.1 Scattering Function and Cross Section 130
5.1.2 Wangsness-Bloch Equations - Relaxation Times (an Application for
ftSR) 132
5.2 Generalized Suspectibility 142
5.2.1 The Electromagnetic Field in a Medium 143
5.2.2 Green s Function 145
5.2.3 Retarded Kernel - Response Function 147
5.2.4 Fluctuation-Dissipation 150
5.2.5 The Kramers-Kronig Relations 151
5.3 Dielectric Response Function and Sum Rules 157
5.3.1 Sum Rule of Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn (TRK) 159
5.3.2 Random-Phase Approximation 162
5.3.3 Optical Sum Rules 170
References 173
Appendix A: Principles of Scattering Theory 375
A.l Potential Scattering (Supporting Section 3.1.1) 375
A. 1.1 Partial Waves 378
A.2 Two Particle Scattering (Supporting Section 3.1.2) 379
A.3 Abstract Scattering Theory (Supporting Section 3.2) 380
A.4 Time-Dependent Perturbation 383
A.5 Scattering of Light on Atoms 186
A.6 Polarization and its Analysis 388
References 190
Appendix B: Form Factors 191
References 3 95
Appendix C: Reminder on Statistical Mechanics 397
CI The Statistical Operator P 197
C.2 The Equation of Motion 198
C.3 Entropy 398
X Contents
C.4 Thermal Equilibrium - The Canonical Distribution 399
C.5 Thermodynamics 200
Appendix D: The Magnetic Matrix-Elements 203
D.l The Trammell Expansion 203
D.2 The Matrix Elements 205
D.3 Conclusion 210
References 211
Appendix E: The Principle of a pSR-Experiment 213
Appendix F: Reflection Symmetry and Time-Reversal Invariance 217
F.l Invariance Under Space Inversion f{ 217
F.2 Invariance Under Time Reversal 218
Appendix C: Phonon Coupling to Heat Bath 221
References 223
Further Reading 225
Index 227
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Fischer, Walter Emil 1939-2008 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)125199619 |
| author_facet | Fischer, Walter Emil 1939-2008 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fischer, Walter Emil 1939-2008 |
| author_variant | w e f we wef |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040412921 |
| classification_rvk | UM 2200 UM 2280 UN 3050 UP 2000 UQ 8010 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)809776931 (DE-599)HBZHT014248376 |
| dewey-full | 539.72227 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 539 - Modern physics |
| dewey-raw | 539.72227 |
| dewey-search | 539.72227 |
| dewey-sort | 3539.72227 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Physik |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Fischer, Walter Emil 1939-2008 Verfasser (DE-588)125199619 aut X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization Walter E. Fischer. With the collaboration of Rudolf Morf and Maurizio Storni Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2012 XIV, 233 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Photon (DE-588)4045922-6 gnd rswk-swf Myonenstreuung (DE-588)4170965-2 gnd rswk-swf Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 gnd rswk-swf Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 gnd rswk-swf Neutronenspektroskopie (DE-588)4328602-1 gnd rswk-swf Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung (DE-588)4067689-4 gnd rswk-swf Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 s Neutronenspektroskopie (DE-588)4328602-1 s Myonenstreuung (DE-588)4170965-2 s Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung (DE-588)4067689-4 s DE-604 Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 s Photon (DE-588)4045922-6 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025265845&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fischer, Walter Emil 1939-2008 X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization Photon (DE-588)4045922-6 gnd Myonenstreuung (DE-588)4170965-2 gnd Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 gnd Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 gnd Neutronenspektroskopie (DE-588)4328602-1 gnd Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung (DE-588)4067689-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045922-6 (DE-588)4170965-2 (DE-588)4050331-8 (DE-588)4059317-4 (DE-588)4328602-1 (DE-588)4067689-4 |
| title | X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization |
| title_auth | X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization |
| title_exact_search | X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization |
| title_full | X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization Walter E. Fischer. With the collaboration of Rudolf Morf and Maurizio Storni |
| title_fullStr | X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization Walter E. Fischer. With the collaboration of Rudolf Morf and Maurizio Storni |
| title_full_unstemmed | X-rays, neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization Walter E. Fischer. With the collaboration of Rudolf Morf and Maurizio Storni |
| title_short | X-rays, neutrons and muons |
| title_sort | x rays neutrons and muons photons and particles for material characterization |
| title_sub | photons and particles for material characterization |
| topic | Photon (DE-588)4045922-6 gnd Myonenstreuung (DE-588)4170965-2 gnd Röntgenspektroskopie (DE-588)4050331-8 gnd Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 gnd Neutronenspektroskopie (DE-588)4328602-1 gnd Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung (DE-588)4067689-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Photon Myonenstreuung Röntgenspektroskopie Teilchen Neutronenspektroskopie Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung |
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