Physical principles of remote sensing:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed., 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 441 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780521181167 9781107004733 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Physical principles of remote sensing |c W. G. Rees |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Physical principles of remote sensing
Autor: Rees, Gareth
Jahr: 2013
CONTENTS
Preface page xv
Acknowledgements xviii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 A short history of remote sensing 1
1.2 Applications of remote sensing 5
1.3 A systems view of remote sensing 6
1.4 Further reading, and how to obtain data 9
2 Electromagnetic waves in free space n
2.1 Electromagnetic waves 11
2.2 Polarisation 15
2.3 Spectra and the Fourier transform 19
2.4 The Doppler effect 24
2.5 Describing angular distributions of radiation 25
2.6 Thermal radiation 28
2.6.1 Characteristics of solar radiation 34
2.7 Diffraction 36
Review questions 40
Problems 40
3 Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter 42
3.1 Propagation through homogeneous materials 43
3.1.1 Complex dielectric constants: absorption 44
3.1.2 Dielectric constants and refractive indices of real materials 45
3.1.3 Dispersion 49
3.2 Plane boundaries 52
3.3 Scattering from rough surfaces 56
3.3.1 Description of surface scattering 57
3.3.2 Simple models of surface scattering 59
3.3.3 The Rayleigh roughness criterion 62
3.3.4 Models for microwave backscatter 64
3.4 Absorption and scattering by particles 73
3.4.1 Very small particles 74
3.4.2 Larger particles 76
3.4.3 Absorption and scattering by atoms and molecules 78
3.5 The radiative transfer equation 84
3.5.1 Propagation through an absorbing medium 85
3.5.2 Propagation through an absorbing and emitting medium 86
Contents
3.5.3 A simple model of scattering and absorption: the two-stream
approximation 89
3.5.4 Scattering, absorption and emission 93
3.6 Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with real materials 94
3.6.1 Visible and near-infrared region 95
3.6.2 Emissivities in the thermal infrared region 99
3.6.3 Emissivities in the microwave region 100
3.6.4 Effect of clouds and snow on microwave radiation 102
3.6.5 Microwave backscattering coefficients 103
3.6.6 Modelling microwave backscattering: case study of a snowpack 105
Review questions 107
Problems 108
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the Earth s
atmosphere no
4.1 Composition and structure of the gaseous atmosphere 110
4.2 Molecular absorption and scattering in the atmosphere 1 4
4.3 Particles in the atmosphere: aerosols 119
4.4 Fog and cloud 121
4.5 Rain and snow 125
4.6 The ionosphere 128
4.7 Atmospheric turbulence 131
Review questions 133
Problems 133
Photographic systems 135
5.1 Photographic film 135
5.1.1 Performance of photographic film: speed, contrast and spatial resolution 136
5.1.2 Digital photography 139
5.2 Photographic optics 141
5.2.1 Lens distortion 144
5.3 Photogrammetry and stereogrammetry 147
5.3.1 Relief displacement 149
5.3.2 Stereophotography 152
5.4 Atmospheric propagation 156
5.5 Some instruments 158
5.6 Applications of aerial and space photography 162
Review questions 162
Problems 163
Electro-optical systems 164
6.1 Visible and near-infrared imaging systems 164
6.1.1 Detectors 164
6.1.2 Imaging 167
6.1.3 Spatial resolution 170
xi Contents
6.1.4 Spectral resolution 171
6.1.5 Atmospheric propagation and correction 172
6.2 Types of VNIR imager 175
6.2.1 Very high resolution imagers 175
6.2.2 High resolution imagers 176
6.2.3 Medium resolution imagers 179
6.2.4 Low resolution imagers 179
6.2.5 Ocean colour imagers 180
6.2.6 Hyperspectral imagers 181
6.2.7 Geostationary imagers 182
6.3 Major applications of VNIR images 184
6.4 Thermal infrared imagers 188
6.4.1 Detectors 188
6.4.2 Thermal infrared imaging 189
6.4.3 Spatial resolution 189
6.4.4 Spectral resolution and sensitivity 190
6.4.5 Atmospheric propagation and correction 191
6.5 Types of TIR imager 194
6.5.1 High resolution TIR imagers 194
6.5.2 Medium resolution TIR imagers 194
6.5.3 Geostationary TIR imagers 196
6.6 Major applications of thermal infrared images 197
6.6.1 Earth surface temperature 198
6.6.2 Thermal inertia 199
6.6.3 Cloud detection and monitoring 204
6.7 Atmospheric sounding 206
6.7.1 Temperature profiling from observations at nadir 207
6.7.2 Profiling of gas concentrations at nadir 210
6.7.3 Backscatter observations at nadir 211
6.7.4 Limb-sounding observations 211
6.7.5 Spectral resolution for atmospheric sounding observations 213
6.8 Some profiling instruments 216
Review questions 220
Problems 221
Passive microwave systems 223
7.1 Antenna theory 223
7.1.1 Angular response and spatial resolution 223
7.1.2 Sensitivity 229
7.1.3 Scanning radiometers 229
7.2 Applications of passive microwave radiometry 232
7.2.1 Oceanographic applications 232
7.2.2 Land surface applications 235
7.3 Atmospheric correction of passive microwave imagery 239
7.4 Examples: the SSMIS and the MSMR 241
Contents
7.5 Atmospheric sounding using passive microwave observations 243
Review questions 247
Problems 248
8 Ranging systems 250
8.1 Laser profiling 250
8.1.1 Scanning laser profilers 253
8.1.2 Waveform-resolving laser profiling 255
8.1.3 Atmospheric correction of laser profiler data 255
8.1.4 Applications of laser profiling 257
8.2 Radar altimetry 261
8.2.1 Simple model of the waveform 261
8.2.2 Effect of the Earth s curvature 265
8.2.3 Effect of coherence: range accuracy 266
8.2.4 Response from a rough surface 267
8.2.5 Applications of radar altimetry 269
8.2.6 Atmospheric and ionospheric correction of radar altimeter data 273
8.2.7 Example: the Envisat RA-2 radar altimeter 275
8.3 Other ranging systems 277
Review questions 278
Problems 278
9 Scattering systems 281
9.1 LiDAR 281
9.2 The radar equation 282
9.3 Microwave scatterometry 285
9.3.1 Applications of microwave scatterometry 287
9.3.2 Example: ASCAT 291
9.4 Real-aperture imaging radar 292
9.4.1 Image distortions 294
9.4.2 Instruments and applications 296
9.5 Synthetic aperture radar 297
9.5.1 More exact treatment of the azimuth resolution 300
9.5.2 Speckle 301
9.5.3 Distortions of SAR images 304
9.5.4 Limitations imposed by ambiguity 306
9.5.5 SAR interferometry 307
9.5.6 Major applications of radar imaging 312
9.5.7 Example: Radarsat-2 314
Review questions 316
Problems 317
10 Platforms for remote sensing 318
10.1 Aircraft 318
10.2 Satellites 320
xiii Contents
10.2.1 Launch of satellites 321
10.3. Description of the satellite orbit 325
10.3.1 Effects of the Earth s asphericity 329
10.3.2 Special orbits 331
10.4 Satellite station-keeping and orbital manoeuvres 343
Review questions 346
Problems 346
11 Data processing 348
11.1 Transmission and storage of data 348
11.2 Image processing 351
11.2.1 Preprocessing 352
11.2.2 Image enhancement 360
11.2.3 Band transformations 371
11.3 Image classification 380
11.3.1 Density slicing and pseudocolour display 381
11.3.2 Multispectral classification 381
11.3.3 Hyperspectral classification 385
11.3.4 Advanced classification methods 386
11.3.5 Sub-pixel classification 388
11.3.6 Texture classification 389
11.3.7 Error matrices and classification accuracy 390
11.4 Image segmentation and detection of geometrical features 394
11.4.1 Segmentation 394
11.4.2 Detecting shapes 395
11.5 Geographic information systems 402
11.6 Image formats and data compression 404
11.6.1 Image compression 404
11.6.2 Image formats for remote sensing 406
Review questions 409
Problems 410
Appendix: Data tables 412
A.l Physical constants 412
A.2 Units 412
A.3 Illuminance at the Earth s surface 413
A.4 Properties of the Sun and Earth 414
A.5 Position of the Sun 414
References 417
Index 426
See colour plates section between pages 206 and 207.
|
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| spelling | Rees, Gareth 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)128503270 aut Physical principles of remote sensing W. G. Rees 3. ed., 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2013 XVII, 441 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd rswk-swf Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 gnd rswk-swf Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 s Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025256112&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Physical principles of remote sensing |
| title_auth | Physical principles of remote sensing |
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| title_full | Physical principles of remote sensing W. G. Rees |
| title_fullStr | Physical principles of remote sensing W. G. Rees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical principles of remote sensing W. G. Rees |
| title_short | Physical principles of remote sensing |
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