Electric vehicle technology explained:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester
Wiley
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 314 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781119942733 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Larminie, James |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Electric vehicle technology explained |c James Larminie ; John Lowry |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester |b Wiley |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 314 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Electric vehicles |x Technological innovations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electric vehicles |x Design and construction | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149414117244928 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Electric
Vehicle
Technology
Explained
Second Edition
James Larminie, Oxford Brookes University, UK
John
LO
Wry, Consultant Engineer, Swindon, UK
Fully updated throughout. Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, Second Edition, is a complete
guide to the principles, design and applications of electric vehicle technology. Including all the
latest advances, it presents clear and comprehensive coverage of the major aspects of electric
vehicle development and offers an engineering-based evaluation of electric motor scooters,
cars, buses and trains.
This new edition includes:
•
important new chapters on types of electric vehicles, including pickup and linear
motors, overall efficiencies and energy consumption, and power generation,
particularly for zero carbon emissions,
•
expanded chapters updating the latest types of EV, types of batteries, battery
technology and other rechargeable devices, fuel cells, hydrogen supply, controllers,
EV modeling, ancillary system design, and EV and the environment,
•
brand new practical examples and case studies illustrating how electric vehicles can be
used to substantially reduce carbon emissions and cut down reliance on fossil fuels,
•
futuristic concept models, electric and high-speed trains and developments in
magnetic
lévitation
and linear motors, and
•
an examination of EV efficiencies, energy consumption and sustainable power
generation.
MATLAB®
examples can be found on the companion website.
Explaining the underpinning science and technology, this book is essential for practicing
electrical, automotive, power, control and instrumentation engineers working in EV research
and development. It is also a valuable reference for academics and students in automotive,
mechanical, power and electrical engineering.
оггфапіоп
Ulebsite
Also available
WWW.Wiley.COm/gQ/eleCtriCVehicle2e as an e-book
CMrdagnbynnM*
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WILEY
wiley.com
9*78 119*9 73
Contents
About the Author
xiii
Preface
xv
Acknowledgments
xvii
Abbreviations
xix
Symbols
xxiii
1
Introduction
1
1.1
A Brief History
2
1.1.1
Early Days
2
1.1.2
The Middle of the Twentieth Century
7
1.1.3
Developments towards the End of the Twentieth Century and the
Early Twenty-First Century
8
1.2
Electric Vehicles and the Environment
13
1.2.1
Energy Saving and Overall Reduction of Carbon Emissions
14
1.2.2
Reducing Local Pollution
15
1.2.3
Reducing Dependence on Oil
15
1.3
Usage Patterns for Electric Road Vehicles
15
Further Reading
17
2
Types of Electric Vehicles
-
EV Architecture
19
2.1
Battery Electric Vehicles
19
2.2
The
1С
Engine/Electric Hybrid Vehicle
19
2.3
Fuelled EVs
24
2.4
EVs using Supply Lines
25
2.5
EVs which use Flywheels or Supercapacitors
25
2.6
Solar-Powered Vehicles
26
2.7
Vehicles using Linear Motors
27
2.8
EVs for the Future
27
Further Reading
27
3
Batteries, Flywheels and Supercapacitors
29
3.1
Introduction
29
vi
Contents
3.2
Battery
Parameters
30
3.2.1
Cell and Battery Voltages
30
3.2.2
Charge (or Amphour) Capacity
31
3.2.3
Energy Stored
32
3.2.4
Specific Energy
33
3.2.5
Energy Density
33
3.2.6
Specific Power
34
3.2.7
Amphour (or Charge) Efficiency
34
3.2.8
Energy Efficiency
35
3.2.9
Self-discharge Rates
35
3.2.10
Battery Geometry
35
3.2.11
Battery Temperature, Heating and Cooling Needs
35
3.2.12
Battery Life and Number of Deep Cycles
35
3.3
Lead Acid Batteries
36
3.3.1
Lead Acid Battery Basics
36
3.3.2
Special Characteristics of Lead Acid Batteries
38
3.3.3
Battery Life and Maintenance
40
3.3.4
Battery Charging
40
3.3.5
Summary of Lead Acid Batteries
41
3.4
Nickel-Based Batteries
41
3.4.1
Introduction
41
3.4.2
Nickel Cadmium
41
3.4.3
Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries
44
3.5
Sodium-Based Batteries
46
3.5.1
Introduction
46
3.5.2
Sodium Sulfur Batteries
47
3.5.3
Sodium Metal Chloride (ZEBRA) Batteries
48
3.6
Lithium
ι
Batteries
50
3.6.1
Introduction
50
3.6.2
The Lithium Polymer Battery
50
3.6.3
The Lithium Ion Battery
51
3.7
Metal-Air Batteries
52
3.7.1
Introduction
52
3.7.2
The Aluminium-Air Battery
52
3.7.3
The Zinc-Air Battery
53
3.8
Supercapacitors and Flywheels
54
3.8.1
Supercapacitors
54
3.8.2
Flywheels
56
3.9
Battery
Charging
59
3.9.1
Battery Chargers
59
3.9.2
Charge Equalisation
60
3.10
The Designer s Choice of Battery
63
3.10.1
Introduction
63
3.10.2
Batteries which are Currently Available Commercially
63
3.11
Use of
Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles
64
3.11.1
Introduction
64
Contents
v¡¡
3.11.2 IC/Battery Electric
Hybrids
64
3.11.3
Battery/Battery
Electric
Hybrids
64
3.11.4
Combinations using Flywheels
65
3.11.5
Complex Hybrids
65
3.12
Battery Modelling
65
3.12.1
The Purpose of Battery Modelling
65
3.12.2
Battery Equivalent Circuit
66
3.12.3
Modelling Battery Capacity
68
3.12.4
Simulating a Battery at a Set Power
71
3.12.5
Calculating the Peukert Coefficient
75
3.12.6
Approximate Battery Sizing
76
3.13
In Conclusion
77
References 7g
4
Electricity Supply
79
4.1
Normal Existing Domestic and Industrial Electricity Supply
79
4.2
Infrastructure Needed for Charging Electric Vehicles
80
4.3
Electricity Supply Rails
81
4.4
Inductive Power Transfer for Moving Vehicles
82
4.5
Battery Swapping
84
Further Reading
85
5
Fuel Cells
87
5.1
Fuel Cells
-
A Real Option?
87
5.2
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
-
Basic Principles
89
5.2.1
Electrode Reactions
89
5.2.2
Different Electrolytes
90
5.2.3
Fuel Cell Electrodes
93
5.3
Fuel Cell Thermodynamics
-
An Introduction
95
5.3.1
Fuel Cell Efficiency and Efficiency Limits
95
5.3.2
Efficiency and the Fuel Cell Voltage
98
5.3.3
Practical Fuel Cell Voltages
100
5.3.4
The Effect of Pressure and Gas Concentration
101
5.4
Connecting Cells in Series
-
The Bipolar Plate
102
5.5
Water Management in the PEMFC
106
5.5.7
Introduction to the Water Problem
106
5.5.2
The Electrolyte of a PEMFC
107
5.5.3
Keeping the
РЕМ
Hydrated 109
5.6
Thermal Management of the PEMFC
110
5.7
A Complete Fuel Cell System
111
5.8
Practical Efficiency of Fuel Cells
114
References
114
6
Hydrogen as a Fuel
-
Its Production and Storage
115
6.1
Introduction
115
6.2
Hydrogen as a Fuel
117
viii Contents
6.3
Fuel
Reforming
118
6.3.1
Fuel Cell Requirements
118
6.3.2
Steam Reforming
118
6.3.3
Partial Oxidation and
Autothermal
Reforming
120
6.3.4
Further Fuel Processing
-
Carbon Monoxide Removal
121
6.3.5
Practical Fuel Processing for Mobile Applications
122
6.3.6
Energy Efficiency of Reforming
123
6.4
Energy Efficiency of Reforming
124
6.5
Hydrogen Storage I
-
Storage as Hydrogen
124
6.5.1
Introduction to the Problem
124
6.5.2
Safety
124
6.5.3
The Storage of Hydrogen as a Compressed Gas
125
6.5.4
Storage of Hydrogen as a Liquid
127
6.5.5
Reversible Metal Hydride Hydrogen Stores
129
6.5.6
Carbon Nanofibres
131
6.5.7
Storage Methods Compared
131
6.6
Hydrogen Storage II
-
Chemical Methods
132
6.6.1
Introduction
132
6.6.2 Methanol 133
6.6.3
Alkali Metal Hydrides
135
6.6.4
Sodium Borohydride
136
6.6.5
Ammonia
140
6.6.6
Storage Methods Compared
142
References
143
7
Electric Machines and their Controllers
145
7.1
The Brushed DC Electric Motor
145
7.1.1
Operation of the Basic DC Motor
145
7.1.2
Torque Speed Characteristics
147
7.1.3
Controlling the Brushed DC Motor
151
7.1.4
Providing the Magnetic Field for DC Motors
152
7.7.5
DC Motor Efficiency
153
7.1.6
Motor Losses and Motor Size
156
7.7.7
Electric Motors as Brakes
156
7.2
DC Regulation and Voltage Conversion
159
7.2.7
Switching Devices
159
7.2.2
Step-Down or Buck Regulators
161
7.2.3
Step-Up or Boost Switching Regulator
162
7.2.4
Single-Phase Inverters
165
7.2.5
Three Phase
167
7.3
Brushless Electric Motors
169
7J.7 Introduction
169
7.3.2
The Brushless DC Motor
169
7.3.3
Switched Reluctance Motors
173
7.3.4
The Induction Motor
177
7.4
Motor Cooling, Efficiency, Size and Mass
179
Contents
7.4.7
Improving
Motor
Efficiency
179
7.4.2 Motor
Mass Igj
7.5 Electric Machines
for
Hybrid
Vehicles
182
7.6 Linear Motors Igg
References
Igg
8 Electric
Vehicle Modelling jg7
8.1
Introduction ¡g7
8.2
Tractive Effort 188
8.2.1
Introduction jgg
8.2.2
Rolling
Resistance Force igg
8.2.3
Aerodynamic Drag
jg9
8.2.4 Hill
Climbing
Force jg9
8.2.5
Acceleration
Force jg9
8.2.6 Total
Tractive Effort
191
8.3
Modelling Vehicle Acceleration
191
8.3.1
Acceleration Performance Parameters
191
8.3.2
Modelling the Acceleration of an Electric Scooter
193
8.3.3
Modelling the Acceleration of a Small Car I97
8.4
Modelling Electric Vehicle Range
198
8.4.1
Driving Cycles
198
8.4.2
Range Modelling of Battery Electric Vehicles
204
8.4.3
Constant Velocity Range Modelling
210
8.4.4
Other uses of Simulations
210
8.4.5
Range Modelling of Fuel Cell Vehicles
212
8.4.6
Range Modelling of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
215
8.5
Simulations
-
A Summary
215
References
216
9
Design Considerations
217
9.1
Introduction
217
9.2
Aerodynamic Considerations
217
9.2.1
Aerodynamics and Energy
217
9.2.2
Body/Chassis Aerodynamic Shape
220
9.3
Consideration of Rolling Resistance
222
9.4
Transmission Efficiency
223
9.5
Consideration of Vehicle Mass
227
9.6
Electric Vehicle Chassis and Body Design
229
9.6.1
Body/Chassis Requirements
229
9.6.2
Body/Chassis Layout
230
9.6.3
Body/Chassis Strength, Rigidity and Crash Resistance
231
9.6.4
Designing for Stability
234
9.6.5
Suspension for Electric Vehicles
234
9.6.6
Examples of Chassis used in Modern Battery and Hybrid Electric
Vehicles
235
9.6.7
Chassis used in Modern Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
235
Contents
9.7
General
Issues
in Design
237
9.7.1 Design
Spécifications
237
9.7.2 Software in
the use of
Electric
Vehicle
Design
237
10
Design
of Ancillary
Systems
239
10.1
Introduction
239
10.2
Heating and Cooling Systems
239
10.3
Design of the Controls
242
10.4
Power Steering
244
10.5
Choice of Tyres
245
10.6
Wing Mirrors, Aerials and Luggage Racks
245
10.7
Electric Vehicle Recharging and Refuelling Systems
245
11
Efficiencies and Carbon Release Comparison
247
11.1
Introduction
247
11.2
Definition of Efficiency
248
11.3
Carbon Dioxide Emission and Chemical Energy in Fuel
248
12
Electric Vehicles and the Environment
253
12.1
Introduction
253
12.2
Vehicle Pollution
-
The Effects
253
12.3
Vehicle Pollution in Context
256
12.4
The Role of Regulations and Lawmakers
256
Further Reading
258
13
Power Generation for Transport
-
Particularly for Zero Emissions
259
13.1
Introduction
259
13.2
Power Generation using Fossil Fuels
260
13.3
Alternative and Sustainable Energy
260
13.3.1
Solar Energy
260
13.3.2
Wind Energy
262
13.3.3
Hydroelectricity
263
13.3.4
Tidal Energy
264
13.3.5
Marine Currents
266
13.3.6
Wave Energy
266
13.3.7
Biomass Energy
267
13.3.8
Obtaining Energy from Waste
267
13.3.9
Geothermal Energy
267
13.4
Nuclear Energy
267
13.4.1
Nuclear Fission
267
13.4.2
Nuclear Fusion
268
13.5
In Conclusion
269
Further Reading
269
14
Recent Electric Vehicles
271
14.1
Introduction
271
Contents
x¡
14.2
Low-Speed
Rechargeable
Battery Vehicles
271
14.2.1
Electric Bicycles
271
14.2.2
Electric Mobility Aids
272
14.2.3
Low-Speed Vehicles
274
14.3
Battery-Powered Cars and Vans
274
14.3.1
Peugeot
106
and the Partner
274
14.3.2
The GM
EVI
275
14.3.3
The Nissan Leaf
279
14.3.4
The Mitsubishi MiEV
279
14.4
Hybrid Vehicles
279
14.4.1
The Honda Insight
280
14.4.2
The Toyota
Prius
281
14.4.3
The Chevrolet Volt
283
14.5
Fuel-Cell-Powered Bus
284
14.6
Conventional High-Speed Trains
286
14.6.1
Introduction
286
14.6.2
The Technology of High-Speed Trains
288
14.7
Conclusion
289
References
290
291
291
291
292
292
294
295
296
Appendices:
MATLAB®
Examples
297
Appendix
1:
Performance Simulation of the GM
EVI
297
Appendix
2:
Importing and Creating Driving Cycles
298
Appendix
3:
Simulating One Cycle
300
Appendix
4:
Range Simulation of the GM
EVI
Electric Car
302
Appendix
5:
Electric Scooter Range Modelling
304
Appendix
6:
Fuel Cell Range Simulation
306
Appendix
7:
Motor Efficiency Plots
308
Index
311
15
The Future of Electric Vehicles
15.1
Introduction
15.2
The
Tesla
S
15.3
The Honda FCX Clarity
15.4
Maglev Trains
15.5
Electric Road-Rail Systems
15.6
Conclusion
Further Reading
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Larminie, James Lowry, John |
| author_facet | Larminie, James Lowry, John |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Larminie, James |
| author_variant | j l jl j l jl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040368403 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TL220 |
| callnumber-raw | TL220 |
| callnumber-search | TL220 |
| callnumber-sort | TL 3220 |
| callnumber-subject | TL - Motor Vehicles and Aeronautics |
| classification_rvk | ZO 4480 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)812238259 (DE-599)BVBBV040368403 |
| dewey-full | 629.22/93 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 629 - Other branches of engineering |
| dewey-raw | 629.22/93 |
| dewey-search | 629.22/93 |
| dewey-sort | 3629.22 293 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Verkehr / Transport |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV040368403 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:22:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781119942733 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2012006649 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025222065 |
| oclc_num | 812238259 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-1050 DE-29T DE-83 DE-573 DE-1043 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-1050 DE-29T DE-83 DE-573 DE-1043 |
| physical | XXV, 314 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Larminie, James Verfasser aut Electric vehicle technology explained James Larminie ; John Lowry 2. ed. Chichester Wiley 2012 XXV, 314 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Electric vehicles Technological innovations Electric vehicles Design and construction Fahrzeug (DE-588)4016320-9 gnd rswk-swf Elektrofahrzeug (DE-588)4151795-7 gnd rswk-swf Elektroantrieb (DE-588)4014238-3 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd rswk-swf Design (DE-588)4011510-0 gnd rswk-swf Technische Innovation (DE-588)4431027-4 gnd rswk-swf Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 gnd rswk-swf Elektromotor (DE-588)4014315-6 gnd rswk-swf Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 gnd rswk-swf Elektrofahrzeug (DE-588)4151795-7 s DE-604 Fahrzeug (DE-588)4016320-9 s Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 s Elektroantrieb (DE-588)4014238-3 s Elektromotor (DE-588)4014315-6 s Technische Innovation (DE-588)4431027-4 s Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 s Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 s Design (DE-588)4011510-0 s Lowry, John Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025222065&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025222065&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Larminie, James Lowry, John Electric vehicle technology explained Electric vehicles Technological innovations Electric vehicles Design and construction Fahrzeug (DE-588)4016320-9 gnd Elektrofahrzeug (DE-588)4151795-7 gnd Elektroantrieb (DE-588)4014238-3 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Design (DE-588)4011510-0 gnd Technische Innovation (DE-588)4431027-4 gnd Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 gnd Elektromotor (DE-588)4014315-6 gnd Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016320-9 (DE-588)4151795-7 (DE-588)4014238-3 (DE-588)4068598-6 (DE-588)4011510-0 (DE-588)4431027-4 (DE-588)7660153-5 (DE-588)4014315-6 (DE-588)4123177-6 |
| title | Electric vehicle technology explained |
| title_auth | Electric vehicle technology explained |
| title_exact_search | Electric vehicle technology explained |
| title_full | Electric vehicle technology explained James Larminie ; John Lowry |
| title_fullStr | Electric vehicle technology explained James Larminie ; John Lowry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electric vehicle technology explained James Larminie ; John Lowry |
| title_short | Electric vehicle technology explained |
| title_sort | electric vehicle technology explained |
| topic | Electric vehicles Technological innovations Electric vehicles Design and construction Fahrzeug (DE-588)4016320-9 gnd Elektrofahrzeug (DE-588)4151795-7 gnd Elektroantrieb (DE-588)4014238-3 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Design (DE-588)4011510-0 gnd Technische Innovation (DE-588)4431027-4 gnd Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 gnd Elektromotor (DE-588)4014315-6 gnd Fahrzeugantrieb (DE-588)4123177-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Electric vehicles Technological innovations Electric vehicles Design and construction Fahrzeug Elektrofahrzeug Elektroantrieb Erneuerbare Energien Design Technische Innovation Energieeffizienz Elektromotor Fahrzeugantrieb |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025222065&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025222065&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT larminiejames electricvehicletechnologyexplained AT lowryjohn electricvehicletechnologyexplained |