Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj): = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai)
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Novosibirsk
Izdat. Inst. Archeologii i Ėtnografii SO RAN
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung u. Komm. in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 442 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9785780302063 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) |b = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) |c V. D. Kubarev |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Novosibirsk |b Izdat. Inst. Archeologii i Ėtnografii SO RAN |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a 442 S. |b zahlr. Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | 75
SUMMARY
The complex referred to as Kalbak-Tash I is located on the right bank of the
Chuya
river approximately
12
km. above the point where the
Chuya
joins the Katun. The ridge from which Kalbak-Tash takes its name
lies at a point
N 50° 24 11 -
E
086° 49 08
and at an altitude of
770
m. Within a landscape of impressive
landforms,
the ridge is relatively small, measuring approximately
0,5
km. from north to south and with a
width varying from
150-300
m. To the west of Kalbak-Tash loess terraces, rise above the river, giving this
region its appearance of an almost planned and constructed series of pastures between the rocky mountain
slopes on the north and the forested slopes on the south. Kalbak-Tash takes the form of a sinuous ridge fall¬
ing from the mountains bordering the
Chuya
river valley on the north, cutting the valley from north to south,
and ending proximately
40
to
60
m. above the river. Immediately beyond the ridge to the east, the river val¬
ley is more constricted, even gorge-like in certain stretches. Beneath the southern edge of Kalbak-Tash and
along the right bank of the
Chuya
River runs the
Chuya
Road, connecting the northern Altai Republic and
Mongolia through the border crossing at Tashanta.
The particular appearance and character of the ridge, Kalbak-Tash, and of the immediate area are the
results of ancient tectonic and climatic forces. Fracture patterns create the particular physiographic charac¬
teristic of this prominent rise. A combination of three fracture sets formed the ridge: the fractures parallel
to the bedding trend
335
degrees; the jointing fractures are
subhorizontal;
and the fractures of the Klivazh
formation reveal an
80
degree trend. These three surface types, with stepped ledges and benches, extend
down to the bank of the
Chuya
river. Cataclysmic forces have also shaped this region: in the Pleistocene,
this stretch of the
Chuya
Basin formed an ice-free island within the vast
glaciations
descending from the
mountainous ridges to the south, southwest, southeast, and northeast. Sudden and massive flooding in the
late Pleistocene out of ice-dammed lakes in the Kuray and
Chuya
basins, significantly shaped the lower
Chuya
river valley, including the section with Kalbak-Tash, cutting and scouring the gorges characteristic of
this area and depositing giant bars further down river and at the junction of the
Chuya
and Katun.
The particular aspect of the ridge within the valley setting and the parceled character of its surfaces
have certainly contributed to the gradual transformation of Kalbak-Tash into a treasury of ancient images.
There are, of course, other possible ways of explaining the emergence of this ridge as a site of petroglyphic
concentration. Functioning as a natural break in the valley that is, within the only passage in this part of the
Altai from the valley of the Katun down to the great Kurai and
Chuya
steppes
-
its location certainly en¬
dowed it with a distinctive visible presence. The ridge would have offered shepherds an advantageous perch
from which to watch their flocks or hunters a point from which to survey the movements of wild animals.
Time spent waiting, watching, and hoping for success at the hunt might have encouraged the repetition of
some of the most archaic images at Kalbak-Tash, as well as at other Central Asian sites. One may imagine
that the scores of large deer representations which certainly date at least as early as the beginning of the
second millennium B.C. reflect a particular event in the annual cycle of life. Facing as they usually do to the
right and hence either to the eastern extension of the valley or to the
Chuya
below, these images may reflect
regular migrations of deer from one side of the river to the other and from the grassy, south facing slopes on
the right bank of the
Chuya
to the deep forests on the left. Perhaps, also, the sinuous shape of Kalbak-Tash
and its organic relationship to the mountains above and the river below caused it to be understood as a place
set apart from others, a site sanctified by location, by appearance, and by the ever-increasing numbers of
images engraved on its surfaces.
76
Although rocky surfaces abound in this part of the Altai region, those found on Kalbak-Tash are un¬
usual in their integration and overall size. That fact and the very shape and visibility of the ridge make it
possible to imagine that its smooth and richly colored surfaces would have offered ideal sites for ceremonies
of
sanctification
or invocation to successive cultures. The proliferation and concentration, here, of images
from a succession of cultures, over a period of several thousand years, support the conclusion that Kalbak-
Tash came to be understood as a sanctuary, consecrated and reused by a succession of cultures for ritual and
expressive activities; but the exact process by which it achieved that distinction remains unclear.
Taken as a whole, the representations at Kalbak-Tash suggest that at least through the early Bronze
Age, the culture of this region was closely associated with the area further to the north and northeast. The
archaic images of bull and cow elk, male and female
maral,
aurochs, bear, large goats and ibex, organized
in overlapping rows and ranges, recall imagery and spatial organization if not identical styles recorded at
Shalabolino; at Oglakhty, Ust -Tuba, Tepsey, and Cheremushny Log; at Baykal Neolithic sites on the Tom
and Angara rivers; and, in a southern manifestation, at Turochak, north of Lake Telets.
At other Central Asian petroglyphic sites it is possible to find some parallels to the early anthropomor¬
phic images at Kalbak-Tash, but it is striking to realize that while individual images can be related, their
larger zoomorphic contexts cannot. The schematic frontal females are certainly related to schematic female
figures from the petroglyphs of Chuluutyn-gol in Mongolia. Those images are also frontal, they have similar
tail-like skirts, their arms are raised and terminate in claw-like hands, and their heads take the form of
small, triangulated elements. These women are also found in association with ithyphallic figures, but the lat¬
ter are posed in three-quarter view rather than in profile. In their combination of female, aspect bird aspect
(i.e. feathers, claws, small heads), the female figures from Kalbak-Tash also suggest relationships with the
feathered or ray-headed figures from
Karakol,
the large stones from the Minusinsk basin and possibly with
those from Tamgaly in East Kazakhstan. Feathered heads or masks are well known from the Minusinsk
stelae and from Shalabolino; but at none of those sites does one find the distinctive schematic female of
Kalbak-Tash and Chuluutyn-gol.
There are other tantalizing inconsistencies in the distribution of similar images. For example, the loop-
headed figures found in a few instances at Kalbak-Tash and in one case seeming to have a specifically
phallic relationship to a schematic female are found in several examples on the
Karakol
slabs and at the im¬
portant site of Shalabolino on the upper Yenisey; but at neither site can one find significantly close parallels
to the Kalbak-Tash schematic women. The parallelism between imagery at these several but scattered sites
Chuluutyn-gol, Kalbak-Tash,
Karakol,
Shalabolino, the Minusinsk Basin is extended by the association of
strange anthropomorphic forms with naturalistic images of bovids (Chuluutyn-gol); elk and goats or ibex
(Karakol);
elk, bovid,
maral,
and bear (Shalabolino). However, at none of these sites can one find sets of
images which would form a perfect match or parallelism. This situation would suggest that in the Aeneo-
lithic or early Bronze Age, the cultures of this part of Inner Asia shared in common certain belief systems
and mythic traditions; but the variations in related imagery may reflect the cultural inflections of regional
economies and ecologies.
It was earlier stated that the Kalbak-Tash representations of human figures with mushroom-shaped hats
and a kind of tail or waist-pack are absolute indicators of cultural ties with a great variety of Central Asian
sites, from Kazakhstan through the
Chuya
Basin, into parts of Tuva, and down through western Mongolia
into the North China borderlands. In contrast to the iconic aspect of the schematic women and archaic
maral
and elk, these human figures seem to reflect a social world characterized by dance and ceremony, hunting
(both real and ritual), and human movement from one grazing region to another. While the dating of these
distinctive images may still be a matter of considerable discussion, they nonetheless document the intrusion
and spread of a single cultural complex across a vast region of the Eurasian steppe and forest-steppe; it is
probable that such a cultural expansion occurred in the middle to late Bronze Age, but that significant tradi¬
tions from that cultural complex including some marked visually by objective signs persisted down into the
[ron
Age.
442
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Введение
............................................................................................................................................5
Глава
1.
История изучения памятника
...........................................................................................8
Глава
2.
Описание комплекса петроглифов
................................................................................. 11
Глава
3.
Образы, сюжеты, семантика и аналогии
....................................................................... 18
Глава
4.
Хронология
.......................................................................................................................59
Заключение
....................................................................................................................................64
Список литературы
......................................................................................................................66
Summary
(E.
Jacobson)
...................................................................................................................75
Commentary
(E.
Jacobson)
.............................................................................................................77
Приложение
I.
Описание петроглифов Калбак-Таша
................................................................91
Приложение
II.
Прорисовки петроглифов
................................................................................ 125
Приложение
III.
Типологические таблицы
...............................................................................334
Приложение
IV.
Рунические надписи
........................................................................................392
Приложение
V.
Фотографии
........................................................................................................403
Список сокращений
....................................................................................................................441
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kubarev, Vladimir Dmitrievič 1946-2011 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040362829 |
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| era | Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-1000 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-1000 |
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| geographic | Kalbak-Tas (DE-588)1032962534 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kalbak-Tas |
| id | DE-604.BV040362829 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:22:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785780302063 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025216647 |
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| physical | 442 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Izdat. Inst. Archeologii i Ėtnografii SO RAN |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kubarev, Vladimir Dmitrievič 1946-2011 Verfasser (DE-588)1041791739 aut Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) V. D. Kubarev The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) Novosibirsk Izdat. Inst. Archeologii i Ėtnografii SO RAN 2011 442 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung u. Komm. in engl. Sprache Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-1000 gnd rswk-swf Felsbild (DE-588)4016718-5 gnd rswk-swf Kalbak-Tas (DE-588)1032962534 gnd rswk-swf Kalbak-Tas (DE-588)1032962534 g Felsbild (DE-588)4016718-5 s Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-1000 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025216647&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025216647&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kubarev, Vladimir Dmitrievič 1946-2011 Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) Felsbild (DE-588)4016718-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016718-5 (DE-588)1032962534 |
| title | Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) |
| title_alt | The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) |
| title_auth | Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) |
| title_exact_search | Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) |
| title_full | Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) V. D. Kubarev |
| title_fullStr | Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) V. D. Kubarev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) V. D. Kubarev |
| title_short | Petroglify Kalbak-Taša (Rossijskij Altaj) |
| title_sort | petroglify kalbak tasa rossijskij altaj the petroglyphs kalbak tash i russian altai |
| title_sub | = The petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash I (Russian Altai) |
| topic | Felsbild (DE-588)4016718-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Felsbild Kalbak-Tas |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025216647&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025216647&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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