Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Slovak |
Veröffentlicht: |
Bratislava
Veda
2012
|
Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
Beschreibung: | 274 S. Ill. |
ISBN: | 9788022412285 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804149389841661952 |
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adam_text | OBSAH
Úvod
................................................................................................................ 7
Politický systém a Ústava
1.
ČSR
................................................................... 11
1.
Rok
1920 -
prvé
parlamentné voľby, elévi
či
empirici? .......................
22
Obnova a
formovanie politických strán v ČSR, prvé politické
a predvolebné programy
............................................................................ 22
Intenzívna predvolebná stranícka práca
..................................................... 31
Predvolebné verejné zhromaždenia
-
všetci proti všetkým
....................... 55
Pozemková reforma, udalosti v
Rumano
vej, rovné volebné právo
........... 65
Zhrnutie kampane a výsledky volieb v roku
1920..................................... 77
2.
Rok
1925 -
najmohutnejšia volebná kampaň
....................................... 83
Neskromné programy politických strán, KSČ
-
silný nováčik
v kampani
................................................................................................... 83
Vplyv cirkvi v kampani, problematická autonómia,
Šrobár
-
„nepriateľ ľudákov
.................................................................... 96
Stranícky predvolebný boj
.........................................................................102
Predvolebné schôdzky politických strán
-
oslavné, búrlivé i pokojné
......124
Zhrnutie kampane a výsledky volieb v roku
1925.....................................142
3.
Rok
1929-
volebná kampaň poznačená
kauzami
................................149
Ľudáci vo vláde, sociálni demokrati znovuzrodení v opozícii
..................149
Veľké kauzy v predvolebnej kampani
-
Tuková aféra
a Okánikova abdikácia
...............................................................................155
Predvolebné súboje naprieč politickým spektrom
.....................................167
Zhrnutie kampane a výsledky volieb v roku
1929.....................................184
4.
Rok
1935 -
krátka volebná kampaň, posledný nádych
demokracie
...............................................................................................191
Prísnejšie volebné pravidlá, mládež v politike, Slováci do Prahy
.............191
6
Linda
Osyková: Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas
1.
ČSR
Krátka kampaň, menej predvolebných zhromaždení
.................................208
Stranícke predvolebné úvahy a oslovené skupiny voličov
........................212
Zhrnutie kampane a výsledky volieb v roku
1935.....................................221
Záver
...............................................................................................................225
Pramene a literatúra
........................................................................................230
Zoznam skratiek
..............................................................................................236
Summary
.........................................................................................................237
Menný register
................................................................................................241
Obrázková príloha
..........................................................................................245
SUMMARY
This thesis describes four most powerful political parties, namely Agrarian Party,
People s Party, Social-Democratic Party and Communist Party within the pre-
-parhamentary election campaign in Slovakia during the existence of the first
Czechoslovak Republic (CSR) concretely the period of
1920, 1925, 1929, 1935.
The description is focused on a particular basic content of relevant party, mainly
the programme, electoral community as well as the content and the form of gra¬
phical picturing in mass media (newspapers, posters, flyers) during the agitation.
Republican party of peasants and smallholders (Agrarian Party) profiled itself
as a party with pro-czechoslovak orientation and declared its status before the
beginning of every parliamentary election in 20s years of the Twentieth Century,
m
relation with a claim for autonomy presented by different parties. However,
agrarians preferred power to be concentrated in the centre of republic but were
also claiming the autonomy, mainly the local and the regional one. Their de¬
mocratic effort within the politics was evident in their attitude towards the human
and the civil rights. They supported democratic public right for an open dialog,
uncensored media, open group meetings as well as the gender equality. The most
important point was the pro-country orientated politics of the mentioned party.
Before the election held in
1920
they had been trying to set up the fair land sha-
nng and also worked out the rales of agrarian reform. Agrarian land that had been
confiscated was planned to be allocated into the private ownership. They showed
their social face by supporting the smallest land holders within the solidary in¬
terest groups and federations. Agrarians presented themselves as well mannered
and accomplished in every campaign. Articles in every day s newspapers and
agitátory
posters were of high quality thanks to the personal portfolio of the party.
The level could rarely have fallen down, if so, only in a down-breaking situation.
Agrarians did not really comment the agitation of Social-Democratic party. In
!925 they published educative metaphorical and grotesque illustrations in the
newspapers, but on the other hand they created the largest promotion by the form
of posters and flyers, the artist Mr.
Otakar
Stafii
was addressed for this reason.
The Agrarian Party created profiles of characteristic symbols such as the laurel
wreath, the green flag, the red poppy flowers, the white leucanthemum, the blue
carnations, the grain spikelet, the shamrock. The top three slates presented no¬
minated politics top leaders, members of intelligence but also the peasants. After
the process of election held in
1920
Agrarian Party obtained the second place
following Social-Democratic Party. Election in
1925
showed up the second place
238
Linda Osyková: Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas
1.
ČSR
for the second time in the elective history but in this case following the People s
Party. Almost the same scenario happened in
1929,
agrarians second following
the People s Party again, at this point
30 000
votes more in comparison with the
last election process. The Agrarian Party obtained a huge election success in
1935
in Slovakia (although it came off tightly second right after the People s Party) and
due to this fact it ensured its first place in nationwide scale. The Party also rece¬
ived help from financial and agricultural communities and other denominational
organizations.
People s Party represented by
Hlinka
formulated its first programme for elec¬
tion in
1920.
This programme was characterized by its three features: Christian,
national and popular, eventually social one. People s Party was claiming absolute
religious liberty, religious schools, obligatory religious classes and cancellation
of religious-political law. During the 20s of the Twentieth Century they were
claiming autonomy for Slovakia in several submitted proposals. This demand
became the subject-matter within their programme. According to their suggestion
Slovakia should be a remaining part of common Czechoslovak republic but it
should have its own legislative and executive power within the following scopes:
economic, educative, administrative, juridical and social. Due to this ideology
they had to face up the censorship. Political rivals criticized that the People s Par¬
ty representatives were using the priests place to reach their political aims, which
was considered as a religious interference into the politics. Each of their pre-elec-
tive agitation was primary anti-agrarian. They did not mind their language when
expressing opinions of their political rivals (Agrarian party). The People s Party
criticized realization of agrarian reform. When
Tuka
got into the jail in
1929,
after this aftair the bilateral relationship went even worse. The social democrats
were considered to be another political rival, in spite of their major ideology dif-
ferentness. They were using emotional and expressive language to describe their
political competitors during the pre-elective period. Graphical quality of their
pre-elective illustrations was characterized just as simple decorative.
In
1925
the graphics did not take a strong point of their campaign either. It
was focused on picturing of agrarians and social democrats in a grotesque form.
Artistic form of agitation demonstrated hyperbolized, expressive even further
aggressive illustrations in
1929.
During the three consecutive elective periods
candidates consisting of priests, board party members and intelligence were no¬
minated. Peasants were nominated just occasionally. After the process of election
held in
1920
the People s Party obtained the third place and they were the wining
team in
1925.
The next election again brought up the victory of People s Party
even with the loss of
85 000
votes when comparing the results in
1925.
Connec¬
tion of
HSLS
and SNS with Polish and Carpathian
Ruthenian
political partners
was benefit for People s Party in
1935.
But they did not manage to reach the goal
they longed for, i.e.
50%
more of votes in Slovakia. In comparison with year
1929
they obtained only
1.93%
more of votes, yet with candidates in the block.
Summary
239
The Czechoslovak Social-Democratic Labour party claimed to separate the
church and the state, demanded free education, income and property tax, de¬
mocratization of public administration as well as economic matters and also the
gender equality. Their programme was focused mainly on the labour community.
In
1921
there was created Czechoslovak Communist party and majority of former
social democrats joined it. Social democrats were focused primary on politics it¬
self and activity of the People s Party within their pre-elective campaign in
1925.
Another scope of their campaign was connected with criticism of communists.
During autumn of
1926
the social democrats became a part of opposition and
they gained the chance for an open criticism of the social and economic situation
within the country.
This situation caused massive increasing within the social democracy mem¬
bership.
In the pre-elective period of
1929
they were concerned about the politics and
activities of agrarians. Within the next agitation social democrats focused more in
detail on expressive illustration in comparison with the agitation methods of the
previous period. They expressed their analytic attitude towards the all remaining
parties by the form of picturing. Large range of artistic expression was presented
also during the agitation in
1929.
Top of social democrats slates consisted of po¬
litical top leaders, labourers, craftsman and also women. The first parliamentary
election showed up their major victory. In
1925
they gained sixth place accom¬
panied by massive loss of votes. The next election results in
1929
brought for
social democrats the fifth place, they even gained twice higher amount of votes
in comparison with the year
1925.
They were successful in
1935,
they obtained
1,84%
more of votes in comparison to the previous parliamentary elections.
Czechoslovak Communist party was using hyperbolized way of expression
and claiming that the development of political situation in CSR is leading to
Nazism. They neither agreed with the republic protecting law nor the election
reform, with regards to the spirit of their pre-elective agitation. They were also
refusing imprisonment of communists and their collaborators.
They were afraid of the fact that their meetings during the elective period
might have been inhibited. Communists used to criticize each coalition govern¬
ment of CSR due to the fact that parliamentary and elective system was inconve¬
nient for their political orientation. Communists expressed their critical attitudes
towards democrats, agrarians and People s Party relatively by equal portions,
what means that they were orientated only on their closest ideological rival
-
the
social democrats. In the pre-elective period of
1929
social democrats represented
Ље
biggest rival of communistic ideology. They were blaming social democrats
of betraying the labourers and of supporting the enemies of working class, na¬
mely the townsmen. Communists were especially focused on women in every
Pre-elective period. In comparison with agrarians, social democrats and People s
Party, communists were uniquely able to use artistic presentation of their cam-
240
Linda
Osyková: Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas
1.
ČSR
paign by the form of graphic art and flyers. That was the way how they promi¬
nently formed the symbols of Communist party. They featured most of all the
combination of the sickle and hammer, the red flag, the five-pointed star, the
guns and the factories in a background. Communists nominated mainly the party
members, manual workers and also women within the slates. During the election
in
1925
they gained the third place. In
1929
communists obtained the fourth pla¬
ce, but with a loss of
40 000
votes. It were communists who absolutely improved
their status in
1935
because they managed to obtain
2,31%
more of votes in
comparison to
1929.
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Osyková, Linda 1975- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1026114942 |
author_facet | Osyková, Linda 1975- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Osyková, Linda 1975- |
author_variant | l o lo |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV040352427 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)812213096 (DE-599)BVBBV040352427 |
edition | Vyd. 1. |
era | Geschichte 1920-1935 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1920-1935 |
format | Book |
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geographic_facet | Slowakei |
id | DE-604.BV040352427 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:22:15Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788022412285 |
language | Slovak |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025206462 |
oclc_num | 812213096 |
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owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M457 |
physical | 274 S. Ill. |
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publishDateSort | 2012 |
publisher | Veda |
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spelling | Osyková, Linda 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)1026114942 aut Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR Linda Osyková Vyd. 1. Bratislava Veda 2012 274 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1920-1935 gnd rswk-swf Wahlkampf (DE-588)4064292-6 gnd rswk-swf Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 g Wahlkampf (DE-588)4064292-6 s Geschichte 1920-1935 z DE-604 Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025206462&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025206462&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Osyková, Linda 1975- Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR Wahlkampf (DE-588)4064292-6 gnd Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4064292-6 (DE-588)4044737-6 (DE-588)4055297-4 |
title | Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR |
title_auth | Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR |
title_exact_search | Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR |
title_full | Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR Linda Osyková |
title_fullStr | Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR Linda Osyková |
title_full_unstemmed | Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR Linda Osyková |
title_short | Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR |
title_sort | volebne kampane politickych stran na slovensku pocas 1 csr |
topic | Wahlkampf (DE-588)4064292-6 gnd Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Wahlkampf Partei Slowakei |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025206462&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025206462&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT osykovalinda volebnekampanepolitickychstrannaslovenskupocas1csr |