Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry: identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2011
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | V, 184 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry |b identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability |c vorgelegt von André Schmitz |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. T H E LITHIUM ION BATTERY 5
2.1. MODE OF OPERATION OF A BATTERY 5
2.2. CELL COMPONENTS OF A LITHIUM ION BATTERY 8
2.2.1. CATHODE 8
2.2.2. ANODE 10
2.2.3. SEPARATORS 10
2.2.4. ELECTROLYTE 11
2.3. TYPES OF LITHIATION IN A LITHIUM ION BATTERY 14
2.3.1. THE RECONSTITUTION REACTION 14
2.3.1.1. THE FORMATION REACTION 14
2.3.1.2. THE DISPLACEMENT REACTION 15
2.3.2. THE INSERTION REACTION 16
3. A N O D E MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES 1 7
3.1. GRAPHITE AS ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL 17
3.2. SILICON AS ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL 19
3.2.1. LITHIATION OF SILICON AND VOLUME CHANGE 19
3.2.2. BINDERS FOR SILICON ANODES 24
3.2.3. COATING TECHNIQUES FOR SILICON PARTICLES 26
3.2.4. STRUCTURE OF SILICON (NANOWIRE, NANOROD, POROUS) 29
4. RESEARCH M E T H O D S , NANO-SILICON CHARACTERIZATION AND
PREPARATION T E C H N I Q U E S 3 1
4.1. X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (XPS) 31
4.2. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (IR) 35
4.3. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPY 39
4.3.1. THE SEMI-CLASSICAL MODEL 39
4.3.2. THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL 41
4.3.3. NUCLEAR SPIN INTERACTIONS IN SOLIDS 43
4.3.4. CHEMICAL SHIFT IN NMR SPECTROSCOPY 44
4.3.5. MAGIC-ANGLE SPINNING (MAS) 45
4.3.6. CROSS-POLARIZATION (CP) 47
4.4. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STANDARD SILICON NANO POWDER 49
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/102752608X
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
II
4.5. ELECTRODE AND HALF CELL PREPARATION 54
4.6. ELECTROCHEMICAL TESTING PROCEDURES 56
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5 9
5.1. BINDING MECHANISM OF NA-CMC AND NANO-SILICON 59
5.1.1. SAMPLE PREPARATION AND NMR INVESTIGATION WITHOUT A REFERENCE
SAMPLE 59
5.1.2. REFERENCE SAMPLE PREPARATION 62
5.1.3. N M R INVESTIGATION WITH T H E HELP OF THE REFERENCE SAMPLE 64
5.1.4. CONCLUSION ON THE BINDING MECHANISM BETWEEN NANO-SILICON AND
NA-CMC 67
5.2. NEW BINDER CHEMISTRY BASED ON POLYACRYLAMIDE 68
5.2.1. CYCLE LIFE OF SILICON/GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ELECTRODES WITH
POLYACRY
LAMIDE BINDER CHEMISTRY 69
5.2.2. CONCLUSION ON NEW BINDER CHEMISTRY 71
5.3. NITROGEN DOPED SILICON NANO PARTICLES 72
5.3.1. CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION 72
5.3.2. SEI FORMATION ON NITROGEN DOPED NANO-SILICON IN 1 M LIPFG E C / D
E C
3:7 78
5.3.2.1. DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE XPS SPECTRA OF ELEC
TRODES CHARGED TO 200 MV VS. L I / L I + WITHOUT SPUTTERING . 78
5.3.2.2. DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE XPS SPECTRA OF ELEC
TRODES CHARGED TO 200 MV VS. L I / L I + WITH SPUTTERING . . 80
5.3.2.3. DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE XPS SPECTRA OF ELEC
TRODES CHARGED TO 85 MV VS. L I / L I + WITHOUT SPUTTERING . 81
5.3.2.4. DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE XPS SPECTRA OF ELEC
TRODES CHARGED TO 85 MV VS. LI/LI 4 WITH SPUTTERING . . . 81
5.3.3. CONCLUSION ON NITROGEN DOPED SILICON NANOPARTICLES 83
5.4. THE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM SALTS ON SILICON ANODE PERFORMANCE 84
5.4.1. SEI FORMATION ON SILICON ANODES IN 1 M LIBF4 E C / D E C 3:7 . .
. . 86
5.4.1.1. MAIN SEI PRODUCTS FOUND BY XPS SPECTRA ACQUISITION OF
UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES 88
5.4.1.2. DIVERGENCE OF THE SEI ON SILICON ANODES FROM GRAPHITE
ANODES WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING 89
5.4.1.3. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . 91
5.4.1.4. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING - LITHIUM CARBONATE 92
5.4.1.5. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING - LITHIUM OXIDE 93
5.4.1.6. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF SPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . . . 95
5.4.1.7. ILLUSTRATION OF THE SEI STRUCTURE FORMED ON SILICON IN 1 M
LIBF 4 E C / D E C 3:7 96
IMAGE 3
I L L
CONTENTS
5.4.2. SEI FORMATION ON SILICON ANODES IN 1 M LIPFG E C / D E C 3:7 . .
. . 97
5.4.2.1. MAIN SEI PRODUCTS FOUND BY XPS SPECTRA ACQUISITION OF
UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES 98
5.4.2.2. BY-PRODUCTS FOUND BY XPS SPECTRA ACQUISITION OF UNSPUT
TERED ELECTRODES 99
5.4.2.3. DIVERGENCE OF THE SEI FORMED ON SILICON ANODES FROM GRAPHITE
ANODES WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING 101
5.4.2.4. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . 101
5.4.2.5. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING 102
5.4.2.6. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING - CARBONATES 104
5.4.2.7. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING - LIF 104
5.4.2.8. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING - LI20 105
5.4.2.9. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF SPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . . . 105
5.4.2.10. ILLUSTRATION OF THE SEI STRUCTURE FORMED ON SILICON IN 1 M
LIPF 6 E C / D E C 3:7 106
5.4.3. SEI FORMATION ON SILICON ANODES IN 0.5 M LIBOB E C / D E C 3:7 .
. 107
5.4.3.1. MAIN SEI PRODUCTS FOUND BY XPS SPECTRA ACQUISITION OF
UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES 108
5.4.3.2. CONVERGENCE OF THE SEI FORMED ON SILICON ANODES OF GRAPHITE
ANODES WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING 109
5.4.3.3. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . I L L
5.4.3.4. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING I L L
5.4.3.5. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF SPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . . . 112
5.4.3.6. ILLUSTRATION OF THE SEI STRUCTURE FORMED ON SILICON IN 0.5
M LIBOB E C / D E C 3:7 113
5.4.4. SEI FORMATION ON SILICON ANODES IN 1.0 M LIDFOB E C / D E C 3:7 .
. 114
5.4.4.1. MAIN SEI PRODUCTS FOUND BY XPS SPECTRA ACQUISITION OF
UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES 114
5.4.4.2. BY-PRODUCTS FOUND BY XPS SPECTRA ACQUISITION OF UNSPUT
TERED ELECTRODES 116
5.4.4.3. IMPORTANT ASPECT OF XPS SPECTRA OF UNSPUTTERED ELEC
TRODES 117
5.4.4.4. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF UNSPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . 118
5.4.4.5. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING 118
5.4.4.6. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING - LI-C BOND 119
5.4.4.7. APPLICATION OF SPUTTERING - LIF 119
5.4.4.8. CONCLUSION ON XPS SPECTRA OF SPUTTERED ELECTRODES . . . . 120
5.4.4.9. ILLUSTRATION OF THE SEI STRUCTURE FORMED ON SILICON IN 1 M
LIDFOB E C / D E C 3:7 121
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS IV
5.4.5. DEPENDENCE OF SI/GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ELECTRODES CYCLE LIFE ON THE
ELECTROLYTE SALT 122
5.4.5.1. CYCLE LIFE OF SI/GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ANODES IN 1 M UBF4
E C / D E C 3:7 122
5.4.5.2. CYCLE LIFE OF SI/GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ANODES IN 1 M LIPFG
E C / D E C 3:7 124
5.4.5.3. CYCLE LIFE OF SI/GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ANODES IN 0.5 M LI
BOB E C / D E C 3:7 125
5.4.5.4. CYCLE LIFE OF SI/GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ANODES IN 1 M LID
FOB E C / D E C 3:7 126
5.4.6. CONCLUSION OF THE SEI AND CYCLE LIFE STUDY OF SILICON CONTAINING
ANODES 127
5.5. FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SILICON NANO PARTICLES 129
5.5.1. REACTION MECHANISM AND FUNCTIONALIZATION PROCEDURE 130
5.5.2. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FUNCTIONALIZED NANO-SILICON 131
5.5.3. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONALIZED NANO-SILICON 134
5.5.4. CONCLUSION OF FUNTIONALIZING NANO-SILICON 137
6. CONCLUSION AND O U T L O O K 1 3 9
6.1. CONCLUSION 139
6.1.1. BINDING MECHANISM AND NEW BINDER CHEMISTRY 139
6.1.2. NITROGEN DOPED SILICON NANOPARTICLES 140
6.1.3. SEI AND CYCLE LIFE STUDY OF SILICON/GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ANODES IN
DIFFERENT ELECTROLYTES 140
6.1.3.1. SEI ON SILICON IN 1 M LIBF 4 E C / D E C 3:7 141
6.1.3.2. SEI ON SILICON IN 1 M LIPF 6 E C / D E C 3:7 141
6.1.3.3. SEI ON SILICON IN 0.5 M LIBOB E C / D E C 3:7 141
6.1.3.4. SEI ON SILICON IN 1 M LIDFOB E C / D E C 3:7 142
6.1.3.5. CYCLE LIFE STUDY 142
6.1.4. SILICON NANOPARTICLE FUNCTIONALIZATION 143
6.2. OUTLOOK 144
A. X P S SPECTRA O F E L E C T R O D E S CHARGED IN 1M LIBF 4 E C / D E
C 3 : 7 1 6 1
A.L. F L S SPECTRA 161
A.2. LILS SPECTRA 162
A.3. SI2P SPECTRA 163
A.4. O L S SPECTRA 164
A.5. C L S SPECTRA 165
A.6. B I S SPECTRA 166
B. X P S SPECTRA O F E L E C T R O D E S CHARGED IN 1M LIPFG E C / D E C
3 : 7 1 6 7
B.L. F L S SPECTRA 167
IMAGE 5
V CONTENTS
B.2. LILS SPECTRA 168
B.3. 0 1 S SPECTRA 169
B.4. C L S SPECTRA 170
B.5. SI2P SPECTRA 171
B.6. P2P SPECTRA 172
C. X P S SPECTRA O F E L E C T R O D E S CHARGED IN 0 . 5 M LIBOB E C /
D E C 3:7 1 7 3
C.L. C L S SPECTRA 173
C.2. O L S SPECTRA 174
C.3. SI2P SPECTRA 175
C.4. LILS SPECTRA 176
C.5. B I S SPECTRA 177
D. X P S SPECTRA O F E L E C T R O D E S CHARGED IN 1 . 0 M LIDFOB E C /
D E C 3:7 1 7 9
D.L. F L S SPECTRA 179
D.2. LILS SPECTRA 180
D.3. C L S SPECTRA 181
D.4. O L S SPECTRA 182
D.5. SI2P SPECTRA 183
D.6. B I S SPECTRA 184
|
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| spelling | Schmitz, André 1982- Verfasser (DE-588)1023892170 aut Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability vorgelegt von André Schmitz 2011 V, 184 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Münster (Westfalen), Univ., Diss., 2011 (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025194412&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Schmitz, André 1982- Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability |
| title_auth | Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability |
| title_exact_search | Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability |
| title_full | Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability vorgelegt von André Schmitz |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability vorgelegt von André Schmitz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability vorgelegt von André Schmitz |
| title_short | Investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode Li ion battery chemistry |
| title_sort | investigation of causal mechanisms in silicon anode li ion battery chemistry identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability |
| title_sub | identification and application of methods to improve silicon anode durability |
| topic_facet | Hochschulschrift |
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