The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Regierungsdokument Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
United Nations
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. rev. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Environmental performance reviews
34 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXX, 245 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789211170542 9789210551823 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |c Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Environmental Policy |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Environmental performance reviews / The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
| 250 | |a 2. rev. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b United Nations |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XXX, 245 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Environmental performance reviews |v 34 | |
| 490 | 0 | |a United Nations publication | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1827858148817371136 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
xm
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword.
.
iii
Preface
.:.
v
List of team members
.
vii
List of contributors
.viii
List of abbreviations
.xxi
Signs and measures
.xxiii
Currency conversion table
.xxiv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
.·.;.:.xxv
INTRODUCTON
1.1 Physical context
.1
1.2
Human context
.;.2
1.3
Historical and economic context
.3
1.4
Political organization and institutions
.„5
PARTI: POLICYMAKING, PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Chapter
1
Policymaking framework for sustainable development and environmental protection
1.1
Legislation
.,.13
1.2
National and Local Action Plans.
.16
1.3
National strategies and policies
.18
1.4
Institutional framework
.23
1.5
Conclusions and recommendations
.;.29
Chapter
2
Compliance and enforcement mechanisms
2.1
Developments since the first EPR
.·,.31
2.2
Mechanisms for compliance arid enforcement of environmental policies, strategies,
plans, and legislation
.31
2.3
Environmental enforcement authorities
.34
2.4
Assessment tools
.37
2.5
Emission standards and their enforcement
.42
2.6
Conclusions and recommendations
.;.„,.42
Chapters Monitoring, information, public participation and education
3.1
Introduction
.45
3.2
Environmental monitoring
.45
3.3
Information management and reporting
.51
3.4
PubHc participation.
.53
3.5
Environmental education and education for sustainable development
.56
3.6
Legal and policy-making framework
.58
3.7
Conclusions and recommendations
.,.·.,.,.61
Chapter
4
Implementation of international agreements and commitments
4.1
Major developments since the first EPR in
2002
„.v.i·.,.^.^.^.^.^.^.^.^^.^.«.^^
4.2
Framework for international cooperation
.„.63
4.3
International cooperation and donor coordination
.
і,.:.
.66
4.4
Bilateral and trilateral cooperation.
.,.:.
^.i.:.
.68
4.5
Cooperation in multilateral and regional environmental agreements.
.¿.«¿.¿.^.^.„.ЛО.
4.6
ЗщіаішМе
developme^
XIV
Page
PART II: ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Chapter
S
Economic instruments and expenditures for environmental protection
5.1
Macroeconomic
background
.83
5.2
Economic instruments for environmental protection
.83
5.3
Environmental financing and expenditures
.90
5.4
Conclusions and recommendations
.93
PART III: INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS INTO ECONOMIC SECTORS
AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Chapter
6
Prevention and control of environmental pollution
6.1
Introduction
.97
6.2
Trends
.97
6.3
Policy, legal and institutional framework
.108
6.4
Conclusions and recommendations
.112
Chapter
7
Sustainable management of water resources
7.1
Introduction
.115
7.2
Water resources
.115
7.3
Water quality and monitoring (surface water, ground water)
.118
7.4.
Water use and wastewater
.124
7.5
Water policies and legal framework
.129
7.6
Institutional framework and responsibilities
.131
7.7
Conclusions and recommendations
.132
Chapter
8
Waste management
8.1
Situation since the first EPR
.135
8.2
Waste generation
.,.135
8.3
Waste collection, recycling and disposal
.139
8.4
From municipal disposal sites to regional landfills
.142
8.5
Economic management of waste
.143
8.6
Legal, policy and institutional framework
.145
8.7
Conclusions and recommendations
.149
Chapter
9
Forestry, biodiversity and protected areas
9.1
Developments since the first EPR
.151
9.2
Current conditions, trends, and management situation
.152
9.3
Legal framework
.161
9.4
Policies and strategies
.163
9.5
Institutional framework
.■.164
9.6
Conclusions and recommendations
.,.167
Chapter
10
Human health and the environment
10.1.
Demographic trend
.169
10.2
Environmental conditions associated with health risks
.169
10.3.
Environmental health policy and management
.182
10.4
Environmental health impact assessment and information sharing
.182
10.5
Conclusions and recommendations
.183
XV
I
II
III
IV
Page
ANNEXES
Implementation of the recommendations in the First review
.187
Selected regional and global environmental agreements
.207
Selected economic and environmental indicators
.209
List of major environment-related legislation in
macedonia
.216
USTE
OF TABLES
Introduction
Table I.I: Demographic and health indices,
2000-2009.3
Table
1.2:
List of Ministries
.6
Table
1.3:
Selected economic indicators,
2000-2009.8
Chapter
2
Table
2.1 :
Number of inspections and acts adopted through administrative proceedings,
2005-2010.41
Chapter
3
Table
3.1:
Financial support to
NGOs
from the MoEPP investment programme,
2007, 2008
and
2010.54
Table
3.2:
Telecommunications development per
100
inhabitants,
2003-2009.54
Table
3.3:
Number of graduates of State universities by selected environmental curricula,
2007-2008.57
Table
3.4:
Number of students (at all levels) enrolled in undergraduate studies on environment
at State universities in
2008/2009.57
Chapter
4
Table
4.1:
Bilateral donor projects
.68
Table
4.2:
Multilateral donor projects
.70
Chapters
Table
5.1:
Oil derivative prices and taxes
2011,
in denars and in per cent
.88
Table
5.2:
Price list for firewood
.89
Table
5.3:
Overall funding commitments and disbursements for environment in
NEIS
context,
2009-2013
in
2008
million
€.90
Table
5.4:
Planned Public Investment Programme (PIP) expenditure by sector,
2008-2010
in millions
2008 €.90
Table
5.5:
Realized environmental investments from the State budget,
2008-2010,
current exchange rates.
.91
Chapter
6
Table
6.1:
Vehicle fleet in the country,
2003-2008,
number
.99
Table
6.2:
SO2 emissions,
2002-2008,
thousand t/year
.100
Table
6.3:
NOx emissions,
2002-2008,
thousand t/year
.100
Table
6.4:
Total emissions,
2004,2008,
Gg
.101
Table
6.5:
Discharge of untreated waste water from industry and mining by recipient,
2000-2008,
thousands m3
.103
Table
6.6:
Hotspots
.107
XVI
Page
Chapter
7
Table
7.1:
Areas covered by different types of water bodies, thousand ha
.116
Table
7.2:
Surface water resources referring to river basin, million m3/year
.119
Table
7.3:
Drinking water quality for physico-chemical and microbiological parameters as a percentage,
2001-2008.;.124
Chapter
8
Table
8.1:
Estimated quantities of generated waste,
2005.136
Table
8.2:
Municipal waste,
2008-2009,
tons
.137
Table
8.3:
Incinerated medical waste at Drisla landfill, tons
.138
Table
8.4:
Waste-related investment (from core budget and own resources), in million denars and million
Euros and per cent
.144
Chapter
9
Table
9.1:
Forest area by species group,
2003-2009.152
Table
9.2:
Species biodiversity and conservation status
.157
Table
9.3:
Protected areas by category
.159
Chapter
10
Table
10.1:
Key facts and data, selected years
.170
LIST FIGURES
Introduction
Figure I.I: Land use
.2
Figure
1.2:
GDP by sector in
2000, 2005
and
2009,
as percentage of total GDP
.5
Chapter I
Figure
1.1:
Structure of the central headquarters of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
.25
Figure
1.2:
Bodies subordinated to the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
.26
Chapter
2
Figure
2.1: SEI
structure
.36
Chapter
6
Figure
6.1:
Type of activity of the hotspots
.106
Chapter
7
Figure
7.1 :
Total water demands by users,
2010
and
2020.124
Chapter
9
Figure
9.1:
Land cover
.151
Figure
9.2:
Land use
.152
Figure
9.3:
Area of forest damage from fires,
2000-2009,
in hectares
.153
Figure
9.4:
Harvested timber volume by product category, all ownerships,
2000-2009,
in
1,000
m3
. 154
XVII
Page
Chapter
10
Figure
10.1:
Natural demographic changes,
1977-2005.169
Figure
10.2:
Number of enterocolitis cases/100,000 for the period
1999-2009.172
Figure
10.3:
Morbidity rate/100,000 for food poisoning in total population
.173
Figure
10.4:
Level of annoyance in whole sample according to noise sources in Skopje
.175
LIST OF MAPS
Introduction
Map I.I: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
.9
Map
1.2:
Statistical regions of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
.10
Chapters
Map
3.1:
Distribution of automated air-quality monitoring stations by station type
.46
Map
3.2:
Distribution of monitoring stations of the River Monitoring System Project
.48
Chapter
6
Map
6.1:
Location of thehotspots
.106
Chapter?
Map
7.1:
River basins
.116
Map
7.2:
River subbasins (watersheds)
.119
Map
7.3:
Biological Oxygen Demand (in
5
days) (BODS^concentrations in rivers,
2008.120
Map
7.4:
Sapro-biological evaluation of water quality of surface waters,
1996.121
Map
7.5.
Nutrient conditions from nitrate, nitrite and ammonia concentrations in rivers
.122
Map
7.6:
Areas under conditions of rapid snow and intensive rainfalls.
.127
Chapter
8
Map
8.1:
Municipal landfills
.140
Chapter
9
Map
9.1:
Current system of protected areas
.160
Map
9.2:
National Emerald Network
.161 |
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| bvnumber | BV040315899 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)802678247 (DE-599)BVBBV040315899 |
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| id | DE-604.BV040315899 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-03-28T17:02:49Z |
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| spelling | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Environmental Policy Environmental performance reviews / The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2. rev. New York [u.a.] United Nations 2011 XXX, 245 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Environmental performance reviews 34 United Nations publication Umwelt / Umweltpolitik / Umweltschutz / Umweltplanung / Mazedonien Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd rswk-swf Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd rswk-swf Nordmazedonien (DE-588)1181214262 gnd rswk-swf Nordmazedonien (DE-588)1181214262 g Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 s DE-604 Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 s DE-188 Vereinte Nationen Committee on Environmental Policy Sonstige (DE-588)5246391-6 oth Environmental performance reviews 34 (DE-604)BV011669086 34 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 3 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025170605&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Environmental performance reviews Umwelt / Umweltpolitik / Umweltschutz / Umweltplanung / Mazedonien Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061644-7 (DE-588)4078523-3 (DE-588)1181214262 |
| title | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
| title_alt | Environmental performance reviews / The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
| title_auth | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
| title_exact_search | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
| title_full | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Environmental Policy |
| title_fullStr | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Environmental Policy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Environmental Policy |
| title_short | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |
| title_sort | the former yugoslav republic of macedonia |
| topic | Umwelt / Umweltpolitik / Umweltschutz / Umweltplanung / Mazedonien Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Umwelt / Umweltpolitik / Umweltschutz / Umweltplanung / Mazedonien Umweltschutz Umweltpolitik Nordmazedonien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025170605&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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