Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa: water supply and sanitation environment
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC press
2010
|
| Schriftenreihe: | A Balkema book
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 282 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780415876032 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149336723947520 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table
of
contents
List of figures XI
List of tables XV
Preface
XVII
Acknowledgements
XIX
List of contributors
XXI
I
-
Best practice guidelines
1
Water supply and sanitation issues in Africa
3
1.1
Contribution of water supply and sanitation to African development
3
1.2
Millennium development goals and water
4
1.3
Water supply and sanitation coverage
6
1.4
Challenges and strategies to achieve the MDGs for WSS
9
1.4.1
Rural water supply
10
1.4.2
Urban water supply
10
L4.3 Sanitation
11
Г.4.4
General
11
1.5
Various programmes to achieve goal
13
1.6
From water for domestic use to a livelihoods focus
15
1.7
Conclusions
16
2
Groundwater resources in Africa
19
2.1
Characteristics of groundwater resources
19
2.1.1
Major types of aquifers
19
2.1.2
Groundwater resources in Africa
21
2.1.3
Roles and functions
24
2.2
The sustainable groundwater utilization and management in Africa
28
2.2.1
Major groundwater-related issues and problems
on the African continent
28
2.2.2
The data and information management relating
to groundwater resources management
32
2.2.3
Implication of climate change
33
2.3
Outlook for the sustainable utilization of groundwater in Africa
34
3
Framework of best practices for groundwater supply and sanitation provision
39
3.1
Introduction
39
3.2
Integrated water resources management
39
3.3
Groundwater and IWRM
40
3.4
Integrated water, sanitation and hygiene delivery
42
3.5
Integrated service delivery in the urban environment
43
3.6
Integrated service delivery in the rural environment
45
3.7
A framework to facilitate groundwater management
46
VI Table of contents
Best practice for groundwater quality protection
49
4.1
General introduction
49
4.2
South African borehole guidelines
49
4.2.1
Introduction
50
4.2.2
Relevant literature
50
4.2.3
Contracts and agreements
51
4.2.4
Supervision of activities
52
4.2.5
Materials and equipment
53
4.2.6
Anomalous circumstances
54
4.2.7
Straightness and verticality
55
4.2.8
Protecting the resource
56
4.2.9
Safety
58
4.2.10
Conclusions
58
4.3
Groundwater protection guidelines
58
4.3.1
Basic approaches
59
4.3.2
Concept of safe distance
59
4.3.3
Stepwise procedure from case studies
60
4.3.4
Zoning approach
61
4.3.5
Protection approach in fractured rock aquifers
64
4.3.6
Spring and shallow well protection
69
4.4
Drought proofing
71
4.4.1
Basic concepts
71
4.4.2
Types of drought
73
4.4.3
Livelihood approach
74
4.5
On-site sanitation and groundwater
74
4.6
Ecosan approach for effective groundwater resources management
77
4.6.1
Historical context of Ecosan
77
4.6.2
Main objective of Ecosan projects
78
4.6.3
The philosophy about Ecosan
78
4.6.4
Ecosan and groundwater quality
78
4.6.5
The challenge for Ecosan
79
4.7
Community participation best practice
79
4.8
Towards a comprehensive approach
80
4.8.1
Toolkit for water services
80
Summary and recommendations
87
5.1
Summary
87
5.2
Recommendations
89
II
-
Case studies
6
Groundwater dynamics in the East African Rift System
93
6.1
Introduction
93
6.2
Tectonic framework
95
6.3
Hydrology and climate
97
6.4
Hydrogeological framework
98
6.5
Hydrogeochemical feature
102
6.6
Implication on water supply and sanitation
104
6.7
Summary and recommendations
105
7
Aquifer vulnerability and its implication for community water supply
of Porto-Novo region (South-East of Benin)
107
7.1
Introduction
107
7.2
Site description
108
Table
of contents
VII
7.3
Data requirements
109
7.3.1
DRASTIC and GOD methods
109
7.3.2
Evaluation of DRASTIC and GOD parameters
111
7.3.3
Validation of vulnerability maps and determination
of aquifer protection
112
7.4
Results and discussion
113
7.4.1
Vulnerability maps
113
7.4.2
Discussion
114
7.5
Conclusion
116
8
Vulnerability of dolomite aquifers in South Africa
119
8.1
Introduction
119
8.2
Geological description
121
8.3
Methodology
122
8.3.1
Overlying layers map (O-Map)
123
8.3.2
Concentration of flow map (C-Map)
125
8.3.3
Precipitation map (P-Map)
128
8.4
VUKA
index map
129
8.5
Summary
129
9
A low tech approach to evaluating vulnerability to pollution
of basement aquifers in sub-Saharan aquifer
133
9.1
Introduction
133
9.2
The weathered basement aquifer
134
9.3
The groundwater vulnerability drivers
135
9.4
Simple field approach to vulnerability assessment
136
9.5
Scorecard validity
138
9.6
Conclusions
139
10
Preserving groundwater quality against microbiological contamination
through differentiated aquifer management in Africa
141
10.1
Introduction
141
10.2
Microbiological transport within secondary aquifers
142
10.3
Extent of microbiological impacts on some Africa aquifers
143
10.4
State of microbiological monitoring networks in Africa
146
10.5
Groundwater protection zoning
146
10.6
Way forward
148
10.7
Conclusion
149
11
Fluoride in African groundwater: Occurrence and mitigation
153
11.1
Introduction
153
11.1.1
Health effects of ingested fluorine
153
11.1.2
Fluoride content as a water quality parameter
154
11.2
Sources of fluoride in groundwater
154
11.2.1
Natural sources
154
11.2.2
Anthropogenic sources
155
11.3
Formation of fluoride-rich groundwater
155
11.4
Determination of fluoride
155
11.5
Fluoride occurrence in African groundwater
156
11.5.1
Occurrence based on documented cases
156
11.5.2
Can we predict distribution pattern of fluoride in Africa?
158
11.5.3
Occurrence based on probability
160
11.6
Removal of fluoride from drinking water supplies
161
11.6.1
Removal processes
161
11.6.2
Fluoride removal methods
161
11.6.3
Critical assumptions for application
162
VIII Table of con ten
t s
11.7
Alternative
mitigation
164
11.7.1
Improved nutrition
164
11.7.2
Fluoride-free water sources
164
11.8
Implication for rural water supplies
165
12
Practical methods to reduce Iron in groundwater with a case study
169
12.1
Introduction
169
12.2
Project area
169
12.3
Methodology
170
12.4
Iron removal
71
12.5
Results
172
12.6
Iron filter construction
173
12.7
Conclusion
174
13
Investigation of borehole failures
—
experience from Botswana
177
13.1
Introduction
177
13.2
Hydrogeology
of the study area
178
13.3
Methodology and data uesd
179
13.3.1
Methodology
179
13.3.2
Data used
179
13.4
Results and discussion
180
13.4.1
Evidence of possible recent decline in groundwater yield
180
13.4.2
Correlation analysis
181
13.4.3
Reliability analysis of groundwater monitoring data
181
13.5
Summary, conclusion and recommendation
183
14
Cost-effective boreholes in sub-Saharan Africa
187
14.1
Introduction
187
14.2
Assertions, information and evidence of high drilling prices
189
14.3
Conceptual framework
189
14.3.1
Borehole costs and quality
189
14.3.2
Borehole price
192
14.3.3
The core factors
192
14.3.4
Key elements
192
14.4
Analysis of the thirteen elements of cost-effective boreholes
194
14.4.1
Operation and maintenance procedures
194
14.4.2
Who drills water wells?
194
14.4.3
Borehole standards and designs
195
14.4.4
Drilling equipment
—
smaller and less costly rigs
196
14.4.5
Procurement process
197
14.4.6
Contract packaging
198
14.4.7
Program and contract management
198
14.4.8
Siting practices
198
14.4.9
Supervision
199
14.4.10
Pumping test
199
14.4.11
Groundwater resources monitoring and evaluation
200
14.4.12
Hydrogeological data
200
14.4.13
Regulation and professionalism of the private sector
201
14.5
Conclusions and recommendations
202
15
Water supply and sanitation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
205
15.1
Introduction
205
15.2
Overview of the study area
206
15.2.1
Location and climate
206
15.2.2
Geology and tectonics
207
Table
of contents IX
15.2.3
Soils and land use
207
15.2.4
Hydrography
207
15.3
Socio-demography
207
15.4
Water resources
208
15.4.1
Surface water resources
209
15.4.2
Groundwater resources
210
15.5
Water supply
212
15.5.1
Water supply sources and access to drinking water
212
15.6
Sanitation
214
15.6.1
Current situation in the DRC
214
15.6.2
Water and health issues
214
15.6.3
Financial requirements
215
15.7
Institutions and legislation
216
15.7.1
Laws and regulations
216
15.7.2
Institutions
217
15.8
Government policies and strategies to improve WATS AN sector
217
15.9
Constraints to the WATS AN development in DRC
218
15.10
WATS AN donors
218
15.11
Conclusion
219
16
Rural water supply and sanitation in Malawi: Groundwater context
221
16.1
Introduction
221
16.2
Study area characterization
223
16.3
Methods
224
16.4
Results and discussions
225
16.4.1
Water sources and water point coverage
225
16.4.2
Functionality status of rural water points
225
16.4.3
Groundwater availability and its associated quality pattern
227
16.4.4
Water quality monitoring
229
16.4.5
Current sanitation service provision
230
16.4.6
Current initiatives within the rural water supply and sanitation sub-sector
230
16.5
Conclusions
231
17
Groundwater and sanitation in an arid region
235
17.1
Introduction
235
17.2
Vulnerability of groundwater sources
236
17.3
Millennium development goals (MDGs)
237
17.3.1
Namibia
238
17.3.2
Lesotho
238
17.4
Sanitation practices
239
17.4.1
Dry sanitation: The Otji-Toilet
240
17.4.2
Wet sanitation: Decentralised Wastewater Treatment
System (DEWATS)
242
17.5
Recommendations
245
17.6
Conclusion
247
18
Community-based groundwater quality monitoring: A field example
251
18.1
Introduction
251
18.2
Background
252
18.3
Methods
253
18.4
Results from the initial implementation
256
18.5
Analysis of the initial implementation
258
18.6
Brief comparison with another recent study on use of simple measures
259
18.7
Conclusions
260
X Table of
contents
19
Charitable endowments as an institute for sustainable
groundwater development and management
263
19.1
Introduction
263
19.2
Practice in the Middle East
265
19.3
Socio
economic issues
265
19.4
Technical issues
266
19.5
Conclusion
267
Colour plates
269
Water supply and sanitation play a crucial role in sustainable development and
the alleviation of poverty and hunger, and are indispensable for human health
and well-being. While countries are committed to meet the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), the centrepiece of the global development agenda,
the African continent, has by far the lowest water supply and sanitation coverage
in the world and faces major obstacles in meeting the MDGs.
By way of their ubiquitous nature and relative ease of access, local groundwater
resources have a major role to play in community development and poverty
alleviation throughout the African continent. By addressing sustainable ground-
water solutions as part of the water supply and sanitation challenge in both rural
and urban areas, this volume aims to contribute to the fulfillment of international
commitments to be made concerning the MDGs by
2015
and, as such, supported
by the Water for Life
2005-2015
International Decade for Action and the
International Year of Sanitation
(2008).
This book presents the search for integrated water, sanitation, hygiene delivery
and best implementation practice. Moreover, through a variety of case studies, it
illustrates the current status and pitfalls that hydrogeologists experience and it
underlines the challenges that especially Sub-
Saharán
Africa still faces. By
adopting a holistic approach, the authors have been able to make a number of
critical policy recommendations. In this respect, particular attention was paid to
the need to mainstream groundwater resources management and protection
within an integrated water supply and sanitation delivery approach, as part of the
thrusts of the major actors and programmes ii> Africa.
This book is recommended to anyone involved with the provision of water
supply and sanitation in developing countries.
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|
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| bvnumber | BV040313592 |
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| callnumber-sort | HD 41699 A1 |
| callnumber-subject | HD - Industries, Land Use, Labor |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)802666721 (DE-599)BVBBV040313592 |
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| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 333 - Economics of land and energy |
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| dewey-sort | 3333.91 44096 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften Geographie |
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| geographic | Afrika Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Afrika |
| id | DE-604.BV040313592 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:21:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780415876032 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2009036650 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025168333 |
| oclc_num | 802666721 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | XXII, 282 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | CRC press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | A Balkema book |
| spelling | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment ed. Yongxin Xu ... Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC press 2010 XXII, 282 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A Balkema book Water resources development Africa Groundwater Africa Water-supply Africa Sanitation Africa Human ecology Africa Grundwasser (DE-588)4022369-3 gnd rswk-swf Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf Wasserreserve (DE-588)4124439-4 gnd rswk-swf Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 gnd rswk-swf Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd rswk-swf Afrika Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 gnd rswk-swf Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 g Grundwasser (DE-588)4022369-3 s Wasserreserve (DE-588)4124439-4 s Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 s DE-604 Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 s Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 s Xu, Yongxin Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-203-85945-2 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025168333&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025168333&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment Water resources development Africa Groundwater Africa Water-supply Africa Sanitation Africa Human ecology Africa Grundwasser (DE-588)4022369-3 gnd Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Wasserreserve (DE-588)4124439-4 gnd Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 gnd Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4022369-3 (DE-588)4064811-4 (DE-588)4020754-7 (DE-588)4326464-5 (DE-588)4124439-4 (DE-588)4138608-5 (DE-588)4061644-7 (DE-588)4000695-5 |
| title | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment |
| title_auth | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment |
| title_exact_search | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment |
| title_full | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment ed. Yongxin Xu ... |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment ed. Yongxin Xu ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa water supply and sanitation environment ed. Yongxin Xu ... |
| title_short | Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa |
| title_sort | sustainable groundwater resources in africa water supply and sanitation environment |
| title_sub | water supply and sanitation environment |
| topic | Water resources development Africa Groundwater Africa Water-supply Africa Sanitation Africa Human ecology Africa Grundwasser (DE-588)4022369-3 gnd Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Wasserreserve (DE-588)4124439-4 gnd Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 gnd Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Water resources development Africa Groundwater Africa Water-supply Africa Sanitation Africa Human ecology Africa Grundwasser Wasserversorgung Gesundheit Nachhaltigkeit Wasserreserve Wassernutzung Umweltschutz Afrika |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025168333&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025168333&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuyongxin sustainablegroundwaterresourcesinafricawatersupplyandsanitationenvironment |