Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki: socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach
Забайкальские эвенки социально-экономические и культурные трансформации в XX - XXI веках
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Moskva
Inst. Ėtnologii i Antropologii Im. N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja RAN
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 349 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9785421100577 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149310622793728 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Предисловие
5
Введение
7
Глава
1.
Очерк социально-экономического и культурного
развития эвенков севера Забайкалья в
XX
веке
22
Расселение и социально-демографическое положение
22
Природно-климатические факторы
23
Этническая история и расселение
27
Социально-демографическое развитие
31
На пути в социализм: природопользование и хозяйствование
39
Традиционный хозяйственный уклад эвенков
39
Кооперация и коллективизация на севере Забайкалья
52
Природопользование и отрасли хозяйства северных колхозов
58
Плановая экономика и уровень жизни
72
Культурное строительство как социальный эксперимент
75
Курс на образование и просвещение
77
Традиции эвенков и культурно-массовая работа
83
Образ жизни: от интеграции к ассимиляции
91
Глава
2.
Эвенки севера Забайкальского края в постсоветский
период
105
Современная этнодемографическая ситуация
105
Инфраструктура мест компактного проживания эвенков
105
Социально-демографические показатели и уровень здоровья
121
Структура межэтнических взаимодействий
131
Советское наследие и рынок: выход из кризиса?
142
Охота
145
Оленеводство
151
Подсобные отрасли
159
Формы собственности и организации хозяйства
161
Природопользование эвенков и индустриализация
166
Социально-экономические проблемы
180
Государственное регулирование в условиях рынка
187
Культура эвенков: от «строительства» к
«
возрождению»
194
Воспитание и образование вчера и сегодня
194
Языковые процессы в контексте социокультурных изменений
204
Этническая культура и культурно-массовая работа
216
Глава
3.
Практики природопользования и адаптации
244
Пример
№ 1.
Оседлые эвенки: традиции предков и жизнь в поселке
246
Пример
№ 2.
Кочующие эвенки: взгляд на общину изнутри
260
Заключение
279
Приложения
284
1.
Карта-схема
284
2.
Диаграммы
285
3.
Таблицы
290
4.
Иллюстрации
300
Резюме на английском языке
319
Список использованной литературы и источников
322
Слисок сокращений
348
РЕЗЮМЕ
НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Evenks living in Kalarskii, Turgiro-Oliokminskii and Tungokochenskii dis¬
tricts constitute ethnically and linguistically distinct local indigenous groups
of northern Zabaikal skii Region1. Their ethnic history is connected with the
migrations of Evenk population from the south to the mountain areas in the
north of the region in the Xfll—XIXth centuries. In the North, they have been
living a relatively isolated life and preserving reindeer herding and hunting
economy and nomadic tradition until the XXth century.
During the following historical periods, limited accessibility and remote¬
ness of the areas populated by Evenk hunters and herders from the admin¬
istrative centre impeded Sovietization, collectivization and cultural construc¬
tion kul turnoe stroitel stvo. In this region, these processes unfolded at a
slower pace, in contrast to many other areas of the Russian North. During
kolkhoz and sovkhoz planning, the transformations of Evenk traditional
economy and way of life appeared to be more significant: with the gradual
reorganization of family-based reindeer herding, Evenk population was be¬
ing settled in villages. The introduction of the boarding school system and
cultural work kul turno-massovaia
rabota
aimed at dissemination of the
popular cultural values and integration of indigenous peoples into the Soviet
society accelerated the processes of language shift and cultural assimilation
among Evenks.
The transformations resulting from the collapse of the Soviet Union and
the following socio-economic crisis had a no less dramatic impact on
Evenks. While the social infrastructure was disintegrating, the demographic
situation in their local communities declined. The main economic activities
and organizations came to the state of deep crisis. The agricultural activities
on household plots provided subsistence production for sedentary Evenks
in villages, whereas few remaining hunting and herding enterprises leading
semi-nomadic way of life in taiga were facing serious economic problems.
By the present day, the situation in many spheres of life of Evenks has
stabilized. In two recent decades, demographic indices improved due to
partial reconstruction of medical and social infrastructure and recent state
demographic policy2, among other factors. Ethnic and gender relations in
the places of residence of indigenous population in northern Zabaikal skii
Region were characterized by some new settlement and migration patterns.
For instance, sedentarization of the overwhelming majority of Evenk women
319
has led to «gender shift», whereby indigenous men live on taiga settle¬
ments while their female relatives reside in villages. At the same time, the
outflow of BAM builders3 partially compensated by the inflow of new mi¬
grants from the post-Soviet space, lead to a growing number of interethnic
marriages of Evenk women with men of other ethnic backgrounds. These
trends explain increased competition for both demographic and natural re¬
sources between indigenous/local and newcoming population.
In the socio-economic sphere, new forms of property and organization
of economy have appeared. Presently, the development of indigenous en¬
terprises is hampered by unsettled land claims and a number of problems
connected with the processing of incorporation documents, insufficient in¬
frastructure and the lack of functioning market for traditional economy prod¬
ucts. The wellbeing and quality of life of Evenk families living in villages are
still poor due to a lack of job and restricted access of indigenous population
to educational and administrative resources. State regulation of the socio-
economic situation of Evenks is rather inadequate, both in terms of the im¬
plementation of support programmes and enforcement of the legislation
protecting the rights of indigenous peoples of the North in Russia.
The post-Soviet education has been characterized by the strengthening
of the «regional component» or the subjects reflecting the cultural and lin¬
guistic diversity of local communities, including native languages, traditional
economy and environmental knowledge, etc. However, in practice, this pol¬
icy has not yet led to visible growth of the educational level and native lan¬
guage proficiency among Evenks. The folklore and applied arts are func¬
tioning on two levels: everyday life and professional sphere, wherein the
popularization and standardization of Evenk culture takes place. Contempo¬
rary issues of professional training, language retention, cultural continuity
and upbringing of young Evenk leaders are highly relevant for the agenda
of the local indigenous intelligentsia and activists.
This book is the first comprehensive ethnologic study of the Evenks of
northern Zabaikal skii Region. Drawing on extensive field data and unpub¬
lished archival and statistical materials, the author analyses socio-
demographic development, economic and land use practices, linguistic and
cultural trends predetermining to the dynamics of the social change in local
Evenk communities in Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The transformations
taking place in people s everyday life are illustrated by the case studies of
an Evenk village family and an indigenous reindeer herding enterprise. The
320
monograph is recommended to ethnologists, historians, social anthropolo¬
gists and readers interested in Evenk culture and in the history and the pre¬
sent day situation of indigenous peoples of the Russian North.
1
An East Siberian region bordering the Russian Far East and lying on the side of
Baikal Lake, opposite from the country capital s point of view.
2Aims at the growth of the birth rate through some social benefits and financial
subsidies allocated to mothers of two or more children.
3The local term applied to population including professional and unskilled workers
drawn to construct Baikal-Amur Railroad, the country s second large railroad, from
across the Soviet Union in the
1970-Я(К
321
|
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| spelling | 880-01 Povoroznjuk, Olʹga Alekseevna Verfasser aut 880-02 Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach O. A. Povoroznjuk 880-03 Moskva Inst. Ėtnologii i Antropologii Im. N. N. Miklucho-Maklaja RAN 2011 349 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1900-2006 gnd rswk-swf Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd rswk-swf Ewenken (DE-588)4015935-8 gnd rswk-swf Transbaikalien (DE-588)4106918-3 gnd rswk-swf Transbaikalien (DE-588)4106918-3 g Ewenken (DE-588)4015935-8 s Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 s Geschichte 1900-2006 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025150374&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 100-01/(N Поворознюк, О. А- ut 245-02/(N Забайкальские эвенки социально-экономические и культурные трансформации в XX - XXI веках О. А. Поворознюк 264-03/(N Москва Ин-т этнологии и антропологии им. Миклухо-Маклая РАН |
| spellingShingle | Povoroznjuk, Olʹga Alekseevna Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd Ewenken (DE-588)4015935-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4318539-3 (DE-588)4015935-8 (DE-588)4106918-3 |
| title | Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach |
| title_auth | Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach |
| title_exact_search | Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach |
| title_full | Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach O. A. Povoroznjuk |
| title_fullStr | Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach O. A. Povoroznjuk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach O. A. Povoroznjuk |
| title_short | Zabajkalʹskie ėvenki |
| title_sort | zabajkalʹskie evenki socialʹno ekonomiceskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v xx xxi vekach |
| title_sub | socialʹno-ėkonomičeskie i kulʹturnye transformacii v XX - XXI vekach |
| topic | Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd Ewenken (DE-588)4015935-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sozioökonomischer Wandel Ewenken Transbaikalien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025150374&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT povoroznjukolʹgaalekseevna zabajkalʹskieevenkisocialʹnoekonomiceskieikulʹturnyetransformaciivxxxxivekach |