Stretch blow moulding:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Undetermined |
Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier William Andrew
2012
|
Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
Schriftenreihe: | PDL handbook series
Plastics design library series |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
Beschreibung: | XVIII, 308 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9781437735277 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
xv
Introduction
xvii
1
A Short History of Stretch Blow Molding
1
2
Material Basics
5
2.1
Manufacture and States of PET
5
Manufacture of PET
6
Catalysts
7
PET is a Linear Condensation Polymer
7
Intrinsic Viscosity
7
Co-polymer Content
8
2.2
Crystallization of PET
8
Extended Chain or Oriented Crystallization
10
Summary
11
2.3
Drying of PET
12
2.4
Behavior in the Injection Mold
14
2.5
Behavior in the Blow Mold
17
Natural Stretch Ratio (or Natural Draw Ratio)
17
Elastic Deformation
18
Yielding
19
Relevant Parameters
20
Property Data for PET
20
2.6
Acetaldehyde
in PET Bottles
20
AA Creation
21
AA in Water Bottles
23
3
Reheat Stretch Blow Molding Machines
27
3.1
Overview
27
3.2
Semi-automatic Machines
28
3.3
Linear Shuttle-type Machines
28
3.4
Linear Continuous Motion Machines
32
3.5
Rotary Machines
35
Differences Between Rotary Machines of Different
Manufacturers
42
vi
Contents
Orientation of Preforms and Bottles
42
Movement Actuation
43
Shape and Location of Oven Section
43
Blow-mold Actuation
43
Preform Seal
43
Synchronization and Crash Protection
44
4
Machine Details
47
4.1
Ovens
47
Layout
48
Infrared Lamps
50
Lamp Control
52
Fan Cooling
53
4.2
Transfer Functions
54
Rotary Machines
54
Linear Machines
57
4.3
Blow Wheel/Blow Clamp
58
Rotary Machines
58
Rotary Machines Comparison
60
Changeover Times
62
Air Consumption
63
5
Blow Molds
67
5.1
Design
67
5.2
Making a Mold
69
5.3
Venting
70
6
Fundamentals of the Blow Process
73
6.1
Process Overview
73
6.2
Stretch Ratios
73
6.3
Types of Heat Transfer
76
6.4
Light Absorption Characteristics of PET
77
6.5
Optimum Preform Temperature
81
7
The Blowing Process
85
7.1
Reheating Preforms
85
7.2
Blowing Bottles
87
Mold Closed
88
Stretch Rod Engages
90
Pre-blow Engages
90
Stretch Rod at Base Insert
92
Contents
vii
High-pressure Blow
92
Mold Opening
93
Injection Stretch Blow Molding Machines
95
8.1
Four-station Machines
96
8.2
Machine Controls
99
Melting in Extruder
99
8.3
Injection Controls
101
Injection Pressure and Speed
101
Choosing the Transition Point
103
Hold Pressure and Time
103
Cooling Time
104
Cushion Control
105
A Practical Example
105
8.4
Interaction between Injection and Blow
106
8.5
Conditioning
107
8.6
Container Blowing
109
8.7
Hot Runners
110
Flow Channel Design
110
Gate Mechanism
114
8.8
Integrated Two-stage Stretch Blow Molding
115
Special Applications
119
9.1
Simulation of the Blow Process
120
Preparations
120
Simulation and Output
122
Applications
123
Costs and Benefits
123
9.2
Stretch Blow Molding of Oriented
Polypropylene
124
Process Difference
125
Applications
126
Multilayer
128
9.3
Plant-based Plastics
129
Processing
PLA
130
9.4
Blow Process for Hot-fill Applications
132
The Hot-fill Process
132
Demands on the Bottle
133
Heat-set Blow Process
134
Economic Considerations
138
Blow Molds for Hot-fill Bottles
138
Vlil
ί
Contents
Materials
for Hot-fill Bottles
140
Panel-less Designs
141
9.5
Preferential Heating
142
9.6
Direct Feeding of Preforms into the Blow Machine
145
General Observations
145
Preform Temperatures
146
Conveyors
150
Layout
152
Operation
153
Economical Considerations
154
Other Automation
155
Conclusion
156
9.7
Vision Inspection
156
System Overview
156
Applications
158
Beyond Vision Inspection
159
9.8
Barrier-enhancing Technologies
164
Permeation Rate
164
Product Types
165
Carbonated Soft Drinks
165
Juices and Functional Drinks
166
Cosmetics
166
Milk
166
Beer
166
Chemicals
167
Methods of Barrier Enhancements
167
Blowing of MultiLayer Preforms
167
Internal Plasma Coatings
170
External Coatings
171
Additives in Injection Molding
172
Monolayer Solutions
175
Evaluating Barrier Solutions
175
9.9
Blow-and-Trim Process
177
9.10 CSD
Bottle-base Failures
180
Preform Production
181
Bottle Production
182
Warehousing and Transportation
183
Testing for Stress Cracking
183
9.11
Recycling of PET Bottles
184
Bottle-to-Bottle Recycling
186
9.12
Preform Esthetics in the Two-stage Process
190
Contents
ix
10
Troubleshooting of Blowing Problems
195
10.1
General Guidelines
196
10.2
Starting a New Process
201
10.3
Troubleshooting of Specific Problems
203
Internal Folding in the Neck Area
204
Causes
204
Solutions
204
Excessive Material in the Base of the Bottle
205
Causes
205
Solutions
205
Off-center Gate
206
Causes
207
Solutions
207
Haze in Bottle Walls
207
Causes
208
Solutions
208
Pearlescense in Bottle Walls
208
Causes
208
Solution
209
Deformed Necks
209
Causes
210
Solutions
210
Bottle Features not Shaped Properly
210
Causes
210
Solutions
211
Flats on Bottle Split-line
211
Causes
211
Solutions
211
Distinctly Visible Split-line
211
Causes
212
Solutions
212
Rings Forming in Bottle Body
212
Causes
212
Solutions
212
Wall Thickness over Circumference of Bottle not Uniform
212
Causes
213
Solutions
213
Excessive Changes in Bottle Volume with Age
213
Causes
213
Solutions
213
Bottle Fails Burst Test
214
Contents
Causes
214
Solutions
214
Uneven
Axial
Wall Distribution
215
Environmental Stress Cracking of
CSD
Bottles
216
Causes
217
Solutions
217
10.4
Defects Particular to Single-stage Molding
217
Bottle Cloudiness
217
Causes
217
Solutions
218
Bubbles in Preform/Bottle
218
Causes
219
Solutions
219
Preform Stringing
219
Causes
219
Solutions
219
Sink Marks
220
Causes
220
Solutions
220
Gate or Body Splay
221
Causes
221
Solutions
222
10.5
Summary of Preform Quality Checks
222
11
Economics
223
11.1
Container Types
224
CSD
Bottles
224
Water Bottles
225
Heat-set Bottles
226
Custom Containers
226
Beer Bottles
227
11.2
Business Models
228
11.3
Tooling Costs
229
11.4
Light-weighing of Bottles and Caps
232
Lighter Necks
232
Lighter Caps
234
New Bottle Designs
234
Improved Preform Design
237
Special Machines
239
11.5
Resin Prices
239
11.6
Bottle Production Costs
240
Contents
xi
Preform Costs
240
Bottle Costs
242
11.7
Starting with a New Product
243
Bottle Demands
243
Process Selection
244
Machine Output Considerations
245
Process Flow
246
Putting it All Together
249
11.8
Recommended Laboratory Equipment for
RSBM Plants
250
11.9
Western vs. Asian Machinery
252
12
Preform Design for Single and Two-stage Processing
257
12.1
Two-stage Process Injection Molding
257
12.2
Single-stage Process Injection Molding
259
12.3
Goals and Conditions
259
12.4
The Mechanics of Preform Design
260
12.5
Putting it All Together
263
13
Auxiliary Equipment
271
13.1
Compressors
271
Calculation of Air Requirements
273
Compressor Selection
274
13.2
Chillers
274
Anti-freeze
279
Flow in Cooling Systems
280
Calculation of Chilled Water Requirements
281
Process Cooling
281
Hydraulic Oil Cooling
282
Cooling of Auxiliaries
282
Pump Sizing
283
13.3
Conveyors and Bottle Storage Devices
283
Conveyors
283
Palletizers/De-palletizers
283
Silos
284
Unscramblers
286
14
Training of Operators
289
14.1
Current State of Training
289
14.2
Obstacles to Training Programs
290
14.3
Re-thinking Abstract Concepts
291
xii
Contents
14.4
Language Structure
291
14.5
Converting Formulas into Common English Sentences
292
14.6
Substituting Uncommon Arithmetical Operators
292
14.7
Presentation Style
292
14.8
Translating Graphs into Common-day Language
293
14.9
Choosing Easy-to-Understand Drawings
293
14.10
Computer Simulations
294
14.11
Comprehensive Coverage
295
14.12
Trainees Involvement
295
14.13
Assessments
295
14.14
In-plant or Off-plant Training
296
14.15
Conclusion
296
Index
299
A Volume in
lhe
Plastics Design Library Series.
Stretch Blow Molding, Second Edition
The author s practical focus, including invaluable information on fault analysis and
troubleshooting, is targeted at practicing engineers, processors, and managers and directly
impacts the bottom line by improving production efficiency and product quality.
•
Gain knowledge and understanding of the latest technological and best practice
developments in stretch blow molding
•
Save money: Practical strategies to optimize the production process, improve quality,
and reduce cycle times
•
Learn the tricks of the trade from an experienced engineer and manager
In this handbook,
Ottmar
Brandau introduces the technology of stretch blow molding,
explains the day-to-day demands of designing and running a production line, and
investigates quality control and troubleshooting techniques.
Athoroughly practical handbook, Stretch Blow Molding, Second edition provides engineers
and managers with the toolkit to improve production and engineering aspects in their own
businesses
-
saving money, increasing output, and improving competitiveness by adopting
new technologies.
As an experienced engineer, manager, and consultant, Mr Brandau s focus is on optimizing
the production process, improving quality and reducing cycle time.
In this book, Brandau covers the engineering aspects of stretch blow molding with a focus
on its role in the production of drinks bottles and other containers, along with plant layout
and organization and production management, to produce the
definitive
handbook for
engineers and managers alike.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Ottmar Brandau
has been working in the Plastics industry since
1978,
and is the founder
of OB Plastics Consulting (now APEX Container Tech
Ine). He
has trained machine
operators and engineers in-house and online all over the world, and has comprehensive
experience in all aspects of stretch blow molding applications.
By the same author
Handbook of Bottle Production and Preforms
(2012)
ISBN:
9781437735260
ISBN
978-1-43-773527-7
ELSEVIER
William
Andrew
Applied Science Publishers
www.williamandrew.com
111
»7 8 143 7*7
3Í
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Brandau, Ottmar |
author_facet | Brandau, Ottmar |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Brandau, Ottmar |
author_variant | o b ob |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV040288370 |
classification_rvk | UV 9150 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)802539662 (DE-599)BVBBV040288370 |
discipline | Physik |
edition | 2. ed. |
format | Book |
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illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:20:51Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781437735277 |
language | Undetermined |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025143598 |
oclc_num | 802539662 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-703 |
owner_facet | DE-703 |
physical | XVIII, 308 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
publishDate | 2012 |
publishDateSearch | 2012 |
publishDateSort | 2012 |
publisher | Elsevier William Andrew |
record_format | marc |
series2 | PDL handbook series Plastics design library series |
spelling | Brandau, Ottmar Verfasser aut Stretch blow moulding Ottmar Brandau 2. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier William Andrew 2012 XVIII, 308 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PDL handbook series Plastics design library series Kunststoffflasche (DE-588)4755491-5 gnd rswk-swf Verpackungstechnik (DE-588)4187932-6 gnd rswk-swf Blasformen (DE-588)4007037-2 gnd rswk-swf Polyethylenterephthalate (DE-588)4133597-1 gnd rswk-swf Gießharz (DE-588)4157338-9 gnd rswk-swf Streckblasen (DE-588)4506953-0 gnd rswk-swf Polyester (DE-588)4175168-1 gnd rswk-swf Getränkeflasche (DE-588)4208862-8 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffflasche (DE-588)4755491-5 s Getränkeflasche (DE-588)4208862-8 s Blasformen (DE-588)4007037-2 s Polyester (DE-588)4175168-1 s Gießharz (DE-588)4157338-9 s Streckblasen (DE-588)4506953-0 s DE-604 Polyethylenterephthalate (DE-588)4133597-1 s Verpackungstechnik (DE-588)4187932-6 s Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025143598&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025143598&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
spellingShingle | Brandau, Ottmar Stretch blow moulding Kunststoffflasche (DE-588)4755491-5 gnd Verpackungstechnik (DE-588)4187932-6 gnd Blasformen (DE-588)4007037-2 gnd Polyethylenterephthalate (DE-588)4133597-1 gnd Gießharz (DE-588)4157338-9 gnd Streckblasen (DE-588)4506953-0 gnd Polyester (DE-588)4175168-1 gnd Getränkeflasche (DE-588)4208862-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4755491-5 (DE-588)4187932-6 (DE-588)4007037-2 (DE-588)4133597-1 (DE-588)4157338-9 (DE-588)4506953-0 (DE-588)4175168-1 (DE-588)4208862-8 |
title | Stretch blow moulding |
title_auth | Stretch blow moulding |
title_exact_search | Stretch blow moulding |
title_full | Stretch blow moulding Ottmar Brandau |
title_fullStr | Stretch blow moulding Ottmar Brandau |
title_full_unstemmed | Stretch blow moulding Ottmar Brandau |
title_short | Stretch blow moulding |
title_sort | stretch blow moulding |
topic | Kunststoffflasche (DE-588)4755491-5 gnd Verpackungstechnik (DE-588)4187932-6 gnd Blasformen (DE-588)4007037-2 gnd Polyethylenterephthalate (DE-588)4133597-1 gnd Gießharz (DE-588)4157338-9 gnd Streckblasen (DE-588)4506953-0 gnd Polyester (DE-588)4175168-1 gnd Getränkeflasche (DE-588)4208862-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Kunststoffflasche Verpackungstechnik Blasformen Polyethylenterephthalate Gießharz Streckblasen Polyester Getränkeflasche |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025143598&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025143598&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT brandauottmar stretchblowmoulding |