D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija: po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Izdat. "Sveti Kliment Ochridski"
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. izd. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltstext |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Simeon Radev about the rapprochement with Russia - a successful move in the foreign policy of Dr. Konstantin Stoilov |
| Beschreibung: | 274 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789549384215 |
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Съдържание
Встъпителни думи от Траян Радев
.5
Д-р Стоиловата външна политика
и помирението
с
Русия
.7
Черти от характера на Стоилова.
Отношенията му
с Фердинанда.
9
Външната политика на Стоилова
до смъртта на Александра
III
. 38
Миропомазването на княз
Бориса
и помирението
с
Русия
.127
Въпросът за вдигане
на схизмата.
Емигрантският въпрос
.199
Бележки
.239
Приложения
.248
Именен показалец
.255
Симеон Радев за помирението
с
Русия
-
успешен ход във външната политика
на д-р Константин Стоилов
.261
Simeon Radev
about the Rapprochement with Russia
-
a Successful Move in the Foreign Policy
of Dr.
Konstantin Stoilov
.268
Simeon Radev
about the Rapprochement
with Russia
-
a Successful Move in the Foreign
Policy of Dr.
Konstantin
Stoilov
Every book by the great Bulgarian writer, ethnopsycholo-
gist, memoirist, diplomat and historiographer, Simeon Radev,
is a real challenge and an occasion to view our past and the
historical facts from a different angle, much richer and more
meaningful.
In the present study
-
Dr. Stoilov'
s
Foreign Policy and the
Rapprochement with Russia
—
in Documents, Conversations with
Contemporaries and Personal Memories
-
Simeon Radev recre¬
ates the real drama of events, the spirit and atmosphere of the
political life in Bulgaria during the term in office of Dr.
Kon¬
stantin
Stoilov and his government's efforts to restore the bro¬
ken diplomatic relations with Russia.
It will not be an exaggeration to say that we are yet to get
acquainted with many unpublished and 'arrested' works of this
unusually gifted and rarely talented Bulgarian writer. By a con¬
currence of circumstances, many of them, both during his life¬
time and after his death in
1967,
with the exception of the two
volumes of Builders of Modern Bulgaria and Early Memories,
were doomed to sink into oblivion for decades. Among the many
reasons for this, there is one that was looked upon as a protest
against the new government.
Shortly after the 'victory' of September
9, 1944,
influential
political figures from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences pro¬
posed that Simeon Radev should be awarded the title of Aca¬
demician. However, Radev flatly declined the 'honour' and fell
into disgrace. Later on, pressed by scarcity and in order to pro¬
vide for his family, Radev took the advice of Todor Pavlov and
agreed to write his memoirs of the time he lived in against a
modest remuneration. The fruit of his hard work
—
about a doz¬
en bulky volumes of Bulgarian history
-
were never published.
They remained 'arrested' in the archives since they did not com¬
ply with the established ideological paradigm of class-party
approach to historical events.
268
The unpublished works of Simeon Radev are now kept in
the archives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, waiting to
be published.
Among these are: The Bulgarian Governments
1899-1901
and
their Problems, My Stay in Belgrade and My Mission in Paris,
The National Question during the First Term in Office of Dr.
Danev's Government, People and Events of My Time, in six vol¬
umes, etc., (to mention just some of them).
One of these is Dr. Stoilov's Foreign Policy and the Rap¬
prochement with Russia
—
in Documents, Conversations with Con¬
temporaries and Personal Memories, written more than
50
years
ago but coming out only now, after
Radoslav
Popov's book Bul¬
garia and Russia
- 1894-1898,
published in
1985,
in which the
author repeatedly refers to Simeon Radev's unpublished work
and writes on the three main topics: the foreign policy of Dr.
Stoilov's government, the anointing of Knyaz Boris and the rap¬
prochement with Russia and the problem of schism and the
emigration issue, analysed in the three chapters of Radev's book.
In her History of Diplomacy Elena
Statelova
also quotes Simeon
Radev. Several modern annalists have devoted works to the time
of Dr.
Konstantin
Stoilov's government:
Vasilka Tankova, Tódor
Panayotov, Vasil Kolev and others.
The publication of Simeon Radev's book on the foreign policy
of
Konstantin Stoilov
so many years after it was written
(1961)
in no way diminishes its importance. The extensive factual ma¬
terial collected through an in-depth study of the Austrian ar¬
chives, personal conversations and observations, including many
public events and a gallery of political portraits, contribute to
its significance.
The investigated period is not long, spanning from
1894
to
1899,
the time when Dr.
Konstantin
Stoilov's government was
in power and when diplomatic relations with Russia were re¬
covered, following the 8-year break during the term in office of
Stefan
Stambolov.
On May
19, 1894,
Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg unex¬
pectedly accepted the 14th resignation of Stefan
Stambolov.
Until then, his supporters thought him irreplaceable. "Who can
replace him?", asks the
Svoboda
(Freedom) newspaper. Radev's
269
study starts from that moment on and with the answer to that
question. Still at the very beginning, the leaders appear on the
political scene one by one with their individual features:
Dragan
Tsankov with his opportunism and bigotry; Petko Karavelov
—
standing firm behind his principles, but indecisive and choler¬
ic; Grigor Nachovich
—
with a realistic mind and firm convic¬
tions but with elusive techniques and overwhelmed with dark
passions; Dimitar
Grékov
—
a wise mind in a wild personality;
Stefan
Stambolov
-
a former revolutionary who quickly matured
for the responsibilities of the State government;
Konstantin
Stoilov
-
capable to justify the people's hopes for reconciliation
with Russia and overcome Ferdinand's wayward mistrust and
suspiciousness and to convince the Great Powers that there will
be no turn in the foreign policy.
But who of them and which party could head the next
government?The choice, according to Simeon Radev, was de¬
termined by the internal political circumstances because two
of the eminent leaders
-
Petko Karavelov, jailed in the Black
Mosque and the self-exiled
Dragan
Tsankov
—
were excluded
as possible contenders. The leaders of the former Unification
Party
—
Ivan St. Geshov and
Mihail Madjarov
who had recent¬
ly returned from emigration in Russia
—
were already obedient
to Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, and nobody gave a thought
to Grigor Nachovich any more. There was no formal obstacle
only for Dr. Vasil Radoslavov but he did not enjoy Ferdinand's
confidence since he had earlier demanded the re-election of
Battenberg (p.
7-8).
Dr.
Konstantin
Stoilov remained the only possible choice
for a prime minister, possessing the necessary training, qualities
and background. He had graduated from the famous Ameri¬
can Robert College in Istanbul and in Law from the Heidelberg
University, he spoke several languages
??-
German, English,
Latin, Greek, French and Turkish, in the most dramatic and
uncertain nights for Bulgaria after the dethronement of Bat¬
tenberg, he was entrusted the country's foreign policy by Stefan
Stambolov
and had gained considerable political experience.
"Even the most sceptical put their faith in him," concludes
Simeon Radev. Only Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg had mis-
270
givings about him and his distrust remained during his entire
tenure because Ferdinand was aware of the sympathy which
Battenberg felt to the head of his political cabinet. He knew
that Stoilov was aware of his fickle character and Ferdinand
knew about Stoilov's attempts to bring Battenberg back to the
throne. He was also informed about Stoilov's statement at the
secret meeting of the majority on the eve of his election: "He is
not prepared to be knjaz, but he was born to be a knjaz".
The political landscape and the focus on some traits of
Stoilov's character show the significant role which the subjec¬
tive factor
—
the personality
—
played in history. This is one of
the great virtues in the works of Simeon Radev. They make his
historiographie
works alive and populated with interesting char¬
acters who influence the historical processes.
The government of Dr.
Konstantin
Stoilov set a new course
for Bulgaria's domestic and foreign policy. By means of the
numerous restrictive laws passed in parliament for a year and a
half he strengthened internal order and security in the country.
In his foreign policy he relied on both the Treaty of Berlin and
the Exarchate Firman to strengthen the national sovereignty
and create conditions for Bulgaria's national unification.
Stoilov vindicated this position with regard to Russia and
Turkey, the Great Powers and Austria. "He showed valuable
qualities in his foreign policy", notes Simeon Radev. The Na¬
tional Assembly passed two important laws: one on excise du¬
ties and another
—
on patents, which Austria was refusing to
acknowledge to its subjects on the basis of Capitulations Bul¬
garia inherited from Turkey as its vassal principality. During
the negotiations on the excise duties in Vienna, held by Stoilov
in person, he stood up so firmly that Nachovich, for whom the
friendship with Austria was a dogma, got scared and warned
him that if it things came to a break-up he would leave the gov¬
ernment.
Statesmanship and composure are typical of Dr.
Konstan¬
tin
Stoilov, according to Simeon Radev. In
1897,
during the
uprising in Crete and the Greek-Turkish war, he personally
defied the opposition which insisted that the government
should take advantage of the weakness of Turkey and obtain a
271
decision on the Macedonian issue. Guided by the maxim that
politics is the policy of the possible rather than the desired
solutions, Stoilov managed to get Sultan's Decrees for three
bishops in Macedonia and Bulgarian consulates in Turkey
under the name of commercial agencies and a promise to con¬
nect the Bulgarian railways to the Turkish ones via Kyustendil
and Kumanovo (p.
35- 37).
However, it is not the benefits gained for Macedonia and
the two important laws on excise duties and patents or the nu¬
merous other laws adopted by Parliament, that determine the
place and importance of Dr.
Konstantin
Stoilov in Bulgaria's
political history. According to Simeon Radev, the most signifi¬
cant and most important event assigning him a deserved place
in Bulgarian history is the restoration of the broken diplomatic
relations with Russia and the recognition of Knyaz Ferdinand.
This is a milestone in Bulgaria's policy with Russia and in the
attitudes of the Great Powers towards Bulgaria.
Simeon Radev follows in detail the path walked to the rap¬
prochement with Russia and reveals the interests of each of the
Great Powers in the process of Knyaz Ferdinand's recognition.
Simeon Radev presents a multilayer display of the internal
political environment in which the Russophiles had a majority
in the government. Any rush on their part could be detrimental
to the cause. The rapprochement which had become a credo
for
Konstantin Stoilov's
foreign policy could encounter resis¬
tance on the part of the Great Powers if not well prepared in
advance. It could even be rejected by Russia itself. Ferdinand
was not less hard nut to crack, in whom only Turkey had confi¬
dence, but not the Great Powers. With his impatience and un¬
bridled character, striving to receive recognition from Russia as
soon as possible and to strengthen the Coburg dynasty, he could
frustrate the policy for restoration of the broken diplomatic re¬
lations with Russia, followed by Stoilov. The rumours that some
conditions had been set to Bulgaria by Russia, spread by the
opposition, were also a threat. They were constantly igniting
fears that Russia would demand from Bulgaria to concede to it
the ports of Varna and Burgas, guide its foreign policy, con¬
clude a defensive and offensive alliance with it and entrust se-
272
nior
command
positions
in the army to Russian officers. This
distracted Ferdinand and he would stay awake all night. Of
course, there was nothing true about these rumours, says Sime¬
on Radev, because before his return from emigration,
Dragan
Tsankov had personally heard from
Girs
that Petersburg want¬
ed nothing from Bulgaria. The only condition was that it should
not be an enemy of Slavs and of the Orthodox religion. Last but
not least was the pressure on the part of the people who found
that the relationships with Bulgaria's Liberator, Russia, were
not normal.
However, an event of external nature
-
the illness and death
of the Russian Emperor
-
accelerated the rapprochement.
The consideration and hesitations regarding the telegrams
of condolence to the successor to the throne, Nicholas II, are
shown in all their complexity. These were aerobatics in diplo¬
macy. Nobody in the Bulgarian historiography has analysed with
such subtlety the diplomatic moves as Simeon Radev. Through¬
out the study readers can breathe the atmosphere of the time in
which these historical processes took place, we can feel the real
life, the drama and responsibility of that historical moment. The
psychological and
historiographie
details come to life through
actual meetings, discussions and conversations.
Simeon Radev analyses in detail and not as an end in itself
the role of the subjective factor in historical events and
Kon¬
stantin
Stoilov's decision to send two telegrams of condolence
on the death of Alexander III to the new Emperor. The hesita¬
tion of Nachovich and Ferdinand as to the need of doing that
and to whom the telegrams should be addressed, the doubts of
MPs after Russia's response, show the importance of small steps
in politics with regard to the Great Powers, in this particular
case
-
Russia.
The events that followed
-
the anointing of Knyaz Boris,
the preparation, the emotions of Clementina
—
a deeply believ¬
ing Catholic
—
who had to become reconciled with her son's
baptising against her will, Ferdinand's visit to the Pope to pray
for approval of the transition to the Orthodox religion, enrich
the
historiographie
landscape and thicken the picture of our
past, lacking until now a personal approach in the explanation
273
of historical facts. Evidence in this direction is also the handing
of the firman after the recognition of Ferdinand, his visit to Istan¬
bul and to Russia.
The problem of lifting the schism is also analysed from var¬
ious aspects. After the rapprochement, this issue again came to
the fore because Russia was seeking to unite the Orthodox
Church. A retreat connected with the lifting of the schism, de¬
sired by Russia, would have meant the removal of the Exarchate
from Constantinople and depriving Bulgarians from their rep¬
resentative to the Sultan. And bishops in Macedonia would be¬
come dependent of the Greek Patriarch.
These concerns are elucidated in detail in connection with
the emigration question that emerged after the mutinies in
Russe
of
1886-1887
when part of the officers involved in dethroning
Battenberg emigrated to Russia and later on became a burden
for the Russian government. It is impossible to mention all the
merits in Simeon Radev's analysis of the policy of Dr.
Konstan¬
tin
Stoilov because although his attention is focused on it, he
also devoted a considerable space to the other figures in Bul¬
garia's political life, such as
Teodor
Teodorov,
Dragan
Tsank-
ov, Vasil Radoslavov, Dimitar
Grékov,
Alexander Lyapchev,
Malinov,
Girs,
Lobanov, Ferdinand and others.
Simeon Radev is capable of turning history into literature
and literature into history. His approach to the analysis of his¬
torical events makes all his books great and important literary
works, expanding our knowledge of the past, acquainting us
unostentatiously with the history of diplomacy and politics, cre¬
ating a gallery of portraits of Bulgaria's political leaders, teach¬
ing us to defend our national interests with wisdom and dignity.
Ph.D Zoya
ANDONOVA
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274 |
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| author | Radev, Simeon 1879-1967 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040255901 |
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| geographic | Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bulgarien Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV040255901 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:09:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789549384215 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025111781 |
| oclc_num | 802352883 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 274 S. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Izdat. "Sveti Kliment Ochridski" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Radev, Simeon 1879-1967 Verfasser (DE-588)119106671 aut D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni Simeon Radev 1. izd. Sofija Izdat. "Sveti Kliment Ochridski" 2012 274 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Simeon Radev about the rapprochement with Russia - a successful move in the foreign policy of Dr. Konstantin Stoilov Stoilov, Konstantin S. 1853-1901 (DE-588)11940057X gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1887-1899 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Stoilov, Konstantin S. 1853-1901 (DE-588)11940057X p Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1887-1899 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025111781&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025111781&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltstext |
| spellingShingle | Radev, Simeon 1879-1967 D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni Stoilov, Konstantin S. 1853-1901 (DE-588)11940057X gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)11940057X (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4008866-2 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni |
| title_auth | D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni |
| title_exact_search | D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni |
| title_full | D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni Simeon Radev |
| title_fullStr | D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni Simeon Radev |
| title_full_unstemmed | D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni Simeon Radev |
| title_short | D-r Stoilovata vănšna politika i pomirenieto s Rusija |
| title_sort | d r stoilovata vansna politika i pomirenieto s rusija po dokumenti razpitvanija na savremenici i licni spomeni |
| title_sub | po dokumenti, razpitvanija na săvremenici i lični spomeni |
| topic | Stoilov, Konstantin S. 1853-1901 (DE-588)11940057X gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stoilov, Konstantin S. 1853-1901 Außenpolitik Bulgarien Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025111781&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025111781&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT radevsimeon drstoilovatavansnapolitikaipomirenietosrusijapodokumentirazpitvanijanasavremeniciilicnispomeni |
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