Australian constitutional law: foundations and theory
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
South Melbourne, Vic.
Oxford Univ. Press
2012
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Previous ed.: 2007. Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXXVI, 466 S. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780195519037 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Australian constitutional law |b foundations and theory |c Suri Ratnapala, Jonathan Crowe |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a South Melbourne, Vic. |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XXXVI, 466 S. |c 25 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Previous ed.: 2007. | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE XVII
TABLE OF CASES XIX
TABLE OF STATUTES XXIX
1 THE IDEA OF A CONSTITUTION 1
1.1 MEANINGS OF CONSTITUTION 1
1.2 CONSTITUTION AS PARAMOUNT LAW 2
1.3 CONSTITUTION AS THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT 3
1.3.1 FLEXIBLE CONSTITUTIONS 5
1.4 CONSTITUTION IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL SENSE 7
1.5 OBJECTIONS TO THE RULE OF LAW 8
1.5.1 OBJECTION 1: THE RULE OF LAW IS INEFFICIENT AS COMPARED
WITH THE RULE OF PERSONS 8
1.5.2 OBJECTION 2: THE RULE OF LAW IS OPPRESSIVE 9
1.5.3 OBJECTION 3: THE RULE OF LAW IS NOT POSSIBLE 11
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE RULE OF LAW AND CONSTITUTIONALISM 12
2 AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM: AN OVERVIEW 14
2.1 INTRODUCTION 14
2.2 THE COMMON LAW DOCTRINE OF LEGALITY 15
2.3 RULE OF LAW 17
2.4 JUDICIAL REVIEW 20
2.4.1 JUDICIAL REVIEW OF EXECUTIVE ACTION 20
2.4.2 JUDICIAL REVIEW OF LEGISLATION 22
2.4.3 JUDICIAL REVIEW OF PRIMARY LEGISLATION IN AUSTRALIA 27
2.4.4 STANDING AND JUDICIAL REVIEW 29
2.5 SEPARATION OF POWERS 32
2.6 REPRESENTATIVE AND RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT 33
2.7 FEDERAL DIVISION OF POWERS 34
2.8 A WORD OF CAUTION 35
| VII
VIII I CONTENTS
A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: THE IDEA OF A
RESPONSIBLE EXECUTIVE 36
3.1 REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY 36
3.2 PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY FORMS OF DEMOCRACY 37
3.3 EMERGENCE OF RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT IN ENGLAND 39
3.4 INTRODUCTION OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY TO AUSTRALIA 41
3.5 RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT IN THE COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION 43
3.5.1 THE SOURCES AND EXTENT OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER OF THE
COMMONWEALTH 44
3.5.2 PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL OF EXECUTIVE POWER 48
3.5.3 THE CROWN DOES NOT EXERCISE EXECUTIVE POWER DIRECTLY 50
3.5.4 PREROGATIVES AND STATUTORY EXECUTIVE POWERS ARE
EXERCISED ON ADVICE OF RESPONSIBLE MINISTERS 50
3.5.5 GOVERNMENT BY PRIME MINISTER AND CABINET 51
3.5.6 COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CABINET 53
3.5.7 INDIVIDUAL MINISTERIAL RESPONSIBILITY 54
3.6 NON-EXECUTIVE POWERS OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL 55
3.6.1 APPOINTMENT OF PRIME MINISTER 55
3.6.2 DISMISSAL OF PRIME MINISTER 56
3.6.3 DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT 58
3.6.4 PROROGATION AND SUMMONING OF PARLIAMENT 60
3.7 WHEN THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL MUST FOLLOW ADVICE 61
3.8 STATE OF RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT TODAY 63
ROLE OF THE UPPER HOUSE IN PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY 67
4.1 BICAMERALISM AND RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT 67
4.2 GOVERNMENT S RESPONSIBILITY TO THE UPPER HOUSE 68
4.3 EXPRESS LIMITATIONS ON UPPER HOUSE POWERS 69
4.4 ARE THERE UNWRITTEN LIMITATIONS ON UPPER HOUSE POWERS? 71
4.5 UPPER HOUSE POWER TO DENY THE GOVERNMENT MONEY
TO CONDUCT ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION 71
4.6 UPPER HOUSES AND LEGISLATION APPROPRIATING MONEY OTHER THAN
FOR ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION 73
4.7 RESOLUTION OF DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE 74
4.7.1 SECTION 57 IS MANDATORY AND ITS OBSERVANCE IS JUSTICIABLE 76
4.7.2 DOES S 57 THREATEN BICAMERALISM? 77
4.7.3 STRATEGIC USE OF THE S 57 PROCEDURE 78
4.7.4 THE COOLING-OFF PERIOD 79
4.7.5 EFFECT OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH S 57 80
4.8 RESOLUTION OF DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN STATE HOUSES 81
CONTENTS | IX
THE REPRESENTATIVE PRINCIPLE IN AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM 83
5.1 THE REPRESENTATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION 84
5.2 THE CROWN AS PART OF THE LEGISLATURE 85
5.3 THE COMPOSITION OF THE SENATE 86
5.3.1 THE SENATE AS A STATES HOUSE: EQUAL REPRESENTATION
OF THE ORIGINAL STATES 87
5.3.2 THE CONTINUITY OF THE SENATE: ROTATIONAL ELECTIONS 87
5.3.3 THE NEXUS RULE: A 2:1 RATIO WITH THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES 88
5.3.4 METHOD OF ELECTING SENATORS 89
5.4 THE COMPOSITION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 89
5.4.1 INTERPLAY OF THE NEXUS RULE, THE PROPORTIONALITY
RULE AND THE MINIMUM REPRESENTATION RULE 90
5.5 HOW REPRESENTATIVE ARE AUSTRALIA S LEGISLATURES? 91
5.5.1 SUFFRAGE 92
5.5.2 COMPULSORY VOTING 97
5.5.3 EQUAL CHOOSING POWER 98
5.5.4 THE FORM OF THE BALLOT PAPER 102
5.5.5 THE RIGHT TO BE CHOSEN: WHO CAN BE ELECTED TO PARLIAMENT? 103
5.6 REPRESENTATION OF TERRITORIES 105
SEPARATION OF POWERS: AUSTRALIA S ASYMMETRIC MODEL 109
6.1 INTRODUCTION 109
6.2 THE THREE POWERS 110
6.2.1 ASPECTS OF POWER 110
6.2.2 LEGISLATIVE POWER 111
6.2.3 EXECUTIVE POWER 113
6.2.4 JUDICIAL POWER 121
6.3 MODELS OF SEPARATION OF POWERS 121
6.3.1 THE PRESIDENTIAL MODEL OF SEPARATION 122
6.3.2 THE PARLIAMENTARY MODEL OF SEPARATION 123
6.4 THE EROSION OF THE SEPARATION OF POWERS IN THE MODERN STATE 123
6.4.1 THE DILUTION OF THE EXECUTIVE-LEGISLATIVE DIVISION:
THE PROBLEM OF EXECUTIVE LAW MAKING 124
6.4.2 THE RISE OF THE QUASI-JUDICIAL TRIBUNAL: THE PROBLEM
OF THE LEGISLATING JUDGE 130
6.5 SEPARATION OF POWERS IN THE AUSTRALIAN STATES 132
6.5.1 PARLIAMENT MAY DELEGATE LEGISLATIVE POWER
BUT NOT ABDICATE IT 133
6.5.2 AD HOMINEM LAWS: THE PROBLEM OF LEGISLATIVE JUDGMENTS 133
6.5.3 THE DOCTRINE OF INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRITY OF STATE COURTS 135
6.5.4 CONSTITUTION OF STATE COURTS 137
CONTENTS
6.5.5 JURISDICTION OF STATE SUPREME COURTS 137
6.5.6 PROCEDURE IN STATE COURTS 142
6.6 SNAPSHOT OF THE AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENTARY MODEL OF
SEPARATING POWERS 146
SEPARATION OF JUDICIAL AND NON-JUDICIAL POWERS:
DEFINING JUDICIAL POWER 148
7.1 THREE ASPECTS OF JUDICIAL POWER 149
7.1.1 JURISDICTION 149
7.1.2 THE JUDICIAL FUNCTION OR MODE 149
7.1.3 EFFECT OF ADJUDICATION 150
7.2 THE UMBRA OF JUDICIAL POWER 151
7.2.1 CONTROVERSY 152
7.2.2 RIGHTS, LIBERTY AND PROPERTY 153
7.2.3 CONCLUSIVENESS 157
7.2.4 NON-CONSENSUAL NATURE OF JUDICIAL POWER 161
7.3 THE PENUMBRA OF JUDICIAL POWER 163
7.3.1 THEORY OF INNOMINATE POWERS 164
7.3.2 THE THEORY OF CHAMELEON POWERS 167
7.3.3 LIMITING JUDICIAL POWER TO BASIC RIGHTS 170
7.3.4 HISTORICALLY DETERMINED JUDICIAL POWER 172
7.3.5 MITIGATING THE PROBLEMS OF THE PENUMBRA 174
THE RULES THAT SEPARATE JUDICIAL AND NON-JUDICIAL POWERS:
THE PROHIBITIONS 177
8.1 JUDICIAL POWER OF THE COMMONWEALTH SHALL NOT BE VESTED IN
BODIES NOT DESIGNATED IN CHAPTER III 178
8.2 JUDICIAL POWER MAY BE VESTED ONLY IN COURTS IN THE STRICT SENSE 179
8.3 FEDERAL COURTS THAT EXERCISE JUDICIAL POWER MUST CONFORM TO S 72 181
8.4 A COURT MUST NOT ABDICATE FEDERAL JURISDICTION, ALTHOUGH
IT MAY DELEGATE PART OF IT UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS 183
8.5 JUDICIAL POWERS NOT WITHIN CHAPTER III MUST NOT BE VESTED IN
THE HIGH COURT OR OTHER FEDERAL COURTS 188
8.6 FEDERAL COURTS CANNOT EXERCISE STATE JUDICIAL POWER EXCEPT
IN CASES OF ACCRUED JURISDICTION 189
8.7 PARLIAMENT MUST NOT VEST NON-JUDICIAL POWER IN CHAPTER III COURTS
191
8.8 STATE PARLIAMENTS MUST NOT VEST IN STATE COURTS NON-JUDICIAL POWERS
THAT ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH THEIR EXERCISE OF FEDERAL JUDICIAL POWER 193
8.9 PARLIAMENT MUST NOT REMOVE FROM COURTS JURISDICTION THAT
THE CONSTITUTION HAS DIRECTLY VESTED IN THEM 195
8.9.1 APPELLATE JURISDICTION 195
8.9.2 ORIGINAL JURISDICTION 196
8.9.3 THE CASE OF PRIVATIVE CLAUSES 198
8.9.4 PRIVATIVE CLAUSES IN THE STATES 199
CONTENTS | XI
8.10 PARLIAMENT MUST NOT DIRECT THE WAY COURTS EXERCISE
JUDICIAL POWER 200
8.10.1 INDIRECTLY ALTERING THE COURSE OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS 201
8.10.2 JUDICIAL POWER AND THE LAW OF EVIDENCE: LIMITS OF
LEGISLATIVE DIRECTION 202
8.11 THE BAN ON BILLS OF ATTAINDER AND EX POST FACTO PUNISHMENT 204
9 RULES OF SEPARATION: THE EXCEPTIONS 206
9.1 THE PERSONA DESIGNATA RULE 206
9.2 JUDICIAL POWER WITH RESPECT TO MILITARY OFFENCES BY
SERVICE PERSONNEL MAY BE VESTED IN COURTS MARTIAL 212
9.2.1 THE BASIS OF THE RULE 212
9.2.2 THE LIMITS OF THE JUDICIAL POWER THAT CAN BE
CONFERRED ON COURTS MARTIAL 217
9.2.3 HOW THE LIMITATION IS IMPLEMENTED 219
9.2.4 THE SIMULTANEOUS JURISDICTION OF COURTS MARTIAL
AND CIVIL COURTS IN RESPECT OF THE SAME ACT 220
9.2.5 ARE PECULIARLY MILITARY OFFENCES BEYOND THE
PURVIEW OF CHAPTER III COURTS? 223
9.3 JUDICIAL POWERS MAY BE EXERCISED BY STATUTORY AUTHORITIES
ENTRUSTED WITH THE DISCIPLINARY CONTROL OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE 225
9.4 PARLIAMENT MAY EXERCISE JUDICIAL POWER IN RELATION TO ITS OWN
POWERS, PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES 227
9.5 SUPERIOR COURTS MAY MAKE RULES OF PROCEDURE 228
9.5.1 THE INHERENT POWER OF SUPERIOR COURTS TO MAKE RULES OF
PROCEDURE 229
9.5.2 PARLIAMENT S POWER TO MAKE LAW WITH RESPECT TO PROCEDURE 230
9.5.3 DOES DELEGATED RULE-MAKING POWER SUPERSEDE OR
SUSPEND INHERENT POWER TO MAKE RULES? 232
9.5.4 DO SUPERIOR COURTS HAVE POWER TO REGULATE THE
PROCEDURE OF INFERIOR COURTS? 235
10 INTERPRETING COMMONWEALTH LEGISLATIVE POWERS: TEXTUALISM,
ORIGINALISM OR UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES? 238
10.1 THEORIES OF INTERPRETATION 239
10.1.1 INTERPRETATION IN THE HIGH COURT 240
10.2 INTERPRETING COMMONWEALTH POWERS 242
10.2.1 THE HIGH COURT S EARLY APPROACH 243
10.2.2 INTERPRETING THE ENGINEERS CASE 244
10.3 BALANCING COMMONWEALTH AND STATE POWERS 246
10.3.1 THE EXPANSION OF THE COMMONWEALTH 248
10.3.2 THE EVOLVING CONSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 250
10.3.3 THE GROWTH OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS 251
XII I CONTENTS
10.4 CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS 253
10.4.1 FEDERALISM AND IMPLIED RIGHTS 255
10.5 A DWORKINIAN HIGH COURT? 256
11 FEDERAL-STATE RELATIONS
25
9
11.1 INTRODUCTION 259
11.2 CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE OF THE EXISTENCE OF THE STATES 260
11.3 THE AUSTRALIAN SCHEME OF DISTRIBUTING LEGISLATIVE POWERS 260
11.3.1 SUBJECTS EXCLUSIVELY WITHIN THE LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE
COMMONWEALTH 261
11.3.2 SUBJECTS THAT ARE CONCURRENTLY WITHIN THE LEGISLATIVE
POWER OF COMMONWEALTH AND STATE PARLIAMENTS 262
11.3.3 THE PROVINCE OVER WHICH STATE PARLIAMENTS HAVE
EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATIVE POWER 263
11.3.4 LEGISLATIVE POWER THAT IS DENIED TO BOTH STATES AND THE
COMMONWEALTH 263
11.4 RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS BETWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE LAW:
THE OPERATION OF S 109 263
11.4.1 CONFLICTS CAN OCCUR ONLY BETWEEN VALID LAWS 264
11.4.2 MEANING OF LAW IN S 109 265
11.4.3 TYPES OF INCONSISTENCY 267
11.4.4 THE EFFECT OF INCONSISTENCY ON STATE LAW 273
11.5 SCOPE AND LIMITS OF COMMONWEALTH LEGISLATIVE POWERS:
THE SHIFTING STANDARDS 276
11.5.1 THE EARLY HIGH COURT: IMPLIED IMMUNITIES AND
RESERVED POWERS 276
11.5.2 THE DOCTRINE OF THE ENGINEERS CASE 278
11.5.3 EXPANSIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF THE ENGINEERS DOCTRINE 280
11.5.4 THE ROLL-BACK OF THE ENGINEERS DOCTRINE AND THE RISE OF
THE MODEL OF LIMITED POWERS 284
11.5.5 IMPLIED LIMITATIONS ARISING FROM THE FEDERAL STRUCTURE
(THE MELBOURNE CORPORATION RULE) 285
11.6 IMPLIED LIMITS ON STATE POWER 289
11.7 FURTHER LIMITATIONS ON COMMONWEALTH LEGISLATIVE POWERS 291
11.7.1 LIMITATIONS DERIVED FROM THE RULE OF LAW IDEAL 291
11.7.2 LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE SEPARATION OF JUDICIAL
AND NON-JUDICIAL POWERS 292
11.7.3 REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM
OF COMMUNICATION 294
11.8 CONNECTIVITY AND PROPORTIONALITY 294
11.8.1 THE CASE OF THE DEFENCE POWER 296
11.8.2 THE TEST OF APPROPRIATENESS AND ADAPTATION 297
11-9 CONCLUSIONS 298
CONTENTS | XIII
12 TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 300
12.1 ECONOMIC UNDERPINNING OF FEDERATIONS 301
12.1.1 VERTICAL FISCAL BALANCE 301
12.1.2 HORIZONTAL FISCAL BALANCE 301
12.1.3 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS FOR A SUCCESSFUL FEDERATION 302
12.2 FREEDOM OF INTERSTATE TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE 303
12.2.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ABSOLUTE FREEDOM 305
12.2.2 COLE V WHITFIELD: THE NEW BEGINNING 308
12.2.3 FURTHER IMPLICATIONS NOT NOTED IN COLE V WHITFIELD 309
12.2.4 NATIONAL MARKETS AND THE RE-EMERGENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL 313
12.3 FREEDOM OF INTERSTATE INTERCOURSE 315
12.3.1 FREEDOM OF INTERSTATE INTERCOURSE IS AN INDIVIDUAL
ENTITLEMENT 315
12.3.2 FREEDOM OF INTERCOURSE IS NOT ABSOLUTE 316
12.3.3 THE TEST WHERE THE SAME ACTIVITY AMOUNTS TO TRADE
AS WELL AS INTERCOURSE 316
12.4 COMMONWEALTH S TRADE AND COMMERCE POWER: S 51 (I) 316
12.4.1 SCOPE OF THE POWER 317
12.4.2 THE IMPACT OF THE ENGINEERS DOCTRINE ON THE TRADE AND
COMMERCE POWER 318
12.5 CORPORATIONS POWER 319
12.5.1 TRADING CORPORATIONS 320
12.5.2 FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS 322
12.5.3 FOREIGN CORPORATIONS 322
12.5.4 WHAT KINDS OF LAW CAN BE MADE WITH RESPECT TO
CONSTITUTIONAL CORPORATIONS? 323
12.5.5 CORPORATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 324
12.5.6 LIMITS OF THE CORPORATIONS POWER 329
12.6 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS POWER 329
12.6.1 CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION AS THE SOLE MEANS 330
12.6.2 EXISTENCE OF A DISPUTE 330
12.6.3 MEANING OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE 331
12.6.4 EXTENSION BEYOND THE LIMITS OF ANY ONE STATE 332
13 TAXATION, APPROPRIATION AND SPENDING 334
13.1 TAXATION AND CONSTITUTIONALISM 335
13.2 SOURCES OF TAXATION POWER 336
13.3 WHAT IS A TAX ? 337
13.3.1 , COMPULSORY EXACTION OF MONEY 338
13.3.2 PUBLIC AUTHORITY 341
13.3.3 PUBLIC PURPOSE 342
13.3.4 PECUNIARY PENALTIES ARE NOT TAXES 343
XIV I CONTENTS
13.4 CUSTOMS AND EXCISE DUTIES
343
13.4.1 LICENCE FEES AS A SOURCE OF STATE REVENUE 345
13.4.2 CONSUMPTION TAX
347
13.5 SUBSTANTIVE LIMIT ON THE TAXATION POWER:
THE RULE AGAINST DISCRIMINATION 348
13.6 PROCEDURAL LIMITS ON THE TAXATION POWER 349
13.6.1 TAXATION LAWS CANNOT ORIGINATE IN THE SENATE 349
13.6.2 THE SENATE CANNOT AMEND TAXATION LAWS, BUT MAY
REJECT THEM
349
13.6.3 LAWS IMPOSING TAXATION MUST DEAL ONLY WITH TAXATION:
THE RULE AGAINST TACKING 349
13.6.4 THE ONE SUBJECT RULE 350
13.7 APPROPRIATION 350
13.7.1 APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE ORDINARY ANNUAL
SERVICES OF GOVERNMENT 351
13.7.2 PURPOSES OHHE COMMONWEALTH 352
13.7.3 SPECIFICITY OF PURPOSE
3
54
13.8 COMMONWEALTH GRANTS POWER 356
13.9 INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENT ON THE REFORM OF
COMMONWEALTH-STATE FINANCIAL RELATIONS 357
14 THE INTERNATIONAL POWERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH:
DEFENCE AND EXTERNAL AFFAIRS 359
14.1 THE DEFENCE POWER 360
14.1.1 THE DEFENCE POWER IN WARTIME 361
14.1.2 THE DEFENCE POWER IN PEACETIME 363
14.2 THE EXTERNAL AFFAIRS POWER 365
14.2.1 THE GEOGRAPHICAL POWER 366
14.2.2 THE TREATY POWER 367
14.2.3 THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS POWER 372
14.3 EXTERNAL AFFAIRS AND FEDERALISM 374
15 CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 376
15.1 RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 376
15.1.1 HOHFELD S CONCEPTIONS OF RIGHT AND FREEDOM 377
15.1.2 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FREEDOMS 380
15.2 THE HIERARCHY OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 381
15.2.1 COMMON LAW RIGHTS 381
15.2.2 STATUTE LAW RIGHTS 384
15.2.3 CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 385
15.3 THE THRESHOLD PROBLEM OF STANDING 386
CONTENTS | XV
15.4 SECTION 51(XXXI): THE RIGHT TO COMPENSATION ON JUST
TERMS FOR PROPERTY ACQUIRED BY THE COMMONWEALTH 387
15.4.1 PROPERTY 388
15.4.2 ACQUISITION 388
15.4.3 JUST TERMS 396
15.4.4 PURPOSES FOR WHICH PRIVATE PROPERTY MAY BE ACQUIRED 398
15.4.5 SECTION 51 (XXXI) APPLIES TO GRANTS UNDER S 96 399
15.4.6 THE CASE OF TAXATION 399
15.5 THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL BEFORE DEPRIVATION OF LIFE,
LIBERTY OR PROPERTY 400
15.5.1 THE SCOPE OF THE RIGHT 400
15.5.2 THE BAN ON EXECUTIVE DEPRIVATIONS OF LIBERTY AND PROPERTY 402
15.5.3 THE BAN ON BILLS OF ATTAINDER [NULLUM CRIMEN, NULLA POENA
SINE LEGE) 403
15.5.4 THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY 407
15.6 THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW 409
15.6.1 NON-DISCRIMINATION ON RELIGIOUS GROUNDS 410
15.6.2 NON-DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF RESIDENCY 412
15.7 FREEDOM OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION 412
15.7.1 THE BASIS OF THE FREEDOM 414
15.7.2 THE SCOPE OF THE FREEDOM 416
15.7.3 PERMISSIBLE RESTRICTIONS ON THE FREEDOM 418
15.7.4 THE EXPANDED DEFENCE OF QUALIFIED PRIVILEGE 420
15.7.5 A PERSONAL RIGHT OR A RESTRICTION ON POWER? 421
15.8 FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION 422
16 CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE 424
16.1 SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES 424
16.1.1 RIGIDITY AND FLEXIBILITY 424
16.1.2 FORMS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN THE
AUSTRALIAN FEDERATION 426
16.1.3 REVOLUTIONS AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE 427
16.1.4 BASIC NORM OF THE CONSTITUTION 428
16.1.5 CAN A SOVEREIGN BODY LIMIT ITSELF? 429
16.2 CONSTITUTIONAL ALTERATION: THE COMMONWEALTH 430
16.2.1 EVOLUTION OF AUSTRALIAN INDEPENDENCE 430
16.2.2 CONSTITUTIONAL ALTERATION UNDER S 128:
THE REFERENDUM ROUTE 433
16.2.3 THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE CONSTITUTION
OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA ACT 434
16.2.4 THE AUSTRALIA ACT 1986 AS A SOURCE OF CONSTITUENT POWER 436
16.2.5 IMPLICATIONS OF THE FOX HUNTING CASE 438
XVI I CONTENTS
16.2.6 THE CONSTITUENT POTENTIAL OF S 51 (XXXVII) 439
16.2.7 THE CONSTITUENT POTENTIAL OF S 51 (XXXVIII) 440
16.3 CONSTITUTIONAL ALTERATION: THE STATES 441
16.3.1 CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE BYPASSING STATE PARLIAMENTS 441
16.3.2 CONSTITUENT POWER OF STATE PARLIAMENTS 442
16.3.3 CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE BY IMPLICATION: MCCAWLEY S CASE 443
16.3.4 MANNER AND FORM LIMITATIONS 444
16.3.5 CAN STATE PARLIAMENTS BIND THEMSELVES? 451
16.3.6 THE QUESTION OF REMEDIES 455
INDEX 437
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ratnapala, Suri 1947- Crowe, Jonathan |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1011625474 |
| author_facet | Ratnapala, Suri 1947- Crowe, Jonathan |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Ratnapala, Suri 1947- |
| author_variant | s r sr j c jc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040254146 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | KU1750 |
| callnumber-raw | KU1750 |
| callnumber-search | KU1750 |
| callnumber-sort | KU 41750 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)802346032 (DE-599)BVBBV040254146 |
| dewey-full | 342.94 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 342 - Constitutional and administrative law |
| dewey-raw | 342.94 |
| dewey-search | 342.94 |
| dewey-sort | 3342.94 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Australien Australien (DE-588)4003900-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Australien |
| id | DE-604.BV040254146 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:20:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780195519037 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2012358981 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025110048 |
| oclc_num | 802346032 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XXXVI, 466 S. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ratnapala, Suri 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)1011625474 aut Australian constitutional law foundations and theory Suri Ratnapala, Jonathan Crowe 3. ed. South Melbourne, Vic. Oxford Univ. Press 2012 XXXVI, 466 S. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Previous ed.: 2007. Includes bibliographical references and index Verfassungsrecht Constitutional law Australia Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd rswk-swf Australien Australien (DE-588)4003900-6 gnd rswk-swf Australien (DE-588)4003900-6 g Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 s DE-604 Crowe, Jonathan Verfasser aut SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025110048&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ratnapala, Suri 1947- Crowe, Jonathan Australian constitutional law foundations and theory Verfassungsrecht Constitutional law Australia Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4062801-2 (DE-588)4003900-6 |
| title | Australian constitutional law foundations and theory |
| title_auth | Australian constitutional law foundations and theory |
| title_exact_search | Australian constitutional law foundations and theory |
| title_full | Australian constitutional law foundations and theory Suri Ratnapala, Jonathan Crowe |
| title_fullStr | Australian constitutional law foundations and theory Suri Ratnapala, Jonathan Crowe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Australian constitutional law foundations and theory Suri Ratnapala, Jonathan Crowe |
| title_short | Australian constitutional law |
| title_sort | australian constitutional law foundations and theory |
| title_sub | foundations and theory |
| topic | Verfassungsrecht Constitutional law Australia Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verfassungsrecht Constitutional law Australia Australien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025110048&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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