Nanomaterials: processing and characterization with lasers
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2012
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| Beschreibung: | XXXI, 777 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 240 mm x 170 mm |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Nanomaterials |b processing and characterization with lasers |c ed. by Subhash Chandra Singh ... |
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IMAGE 1
V I I
CONTENTS
PREFACE XXI
LIST O F CONTRIBUTORS XXVII
'I LASERS: FUNDAMENTALS, TYPES, AND OPERATIONS 1
SUBHASH CHANDRA SINGH, HAIBO ZENG, CHUNLEI GUO, AND WEIPING CAI 1.1
INTRODUCTION O F LASERS 1
1.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 1
1.1.2 BASIC CONSTRUCTION AND PRINCIPLE O F LASING 2
1.1.3 EINSTEIN RELATIONS A N D GAIN COEFFICIENT 2
1.1.4 MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS FOR ATTAINING CONDITION O F POPULATION
INVERSION 3
1.1.5 THRESHOLD GAIN COEFFICIENT FOR LASING 4
1.1.6 OPTICAL RESONATOR 5
1.1.7 LASER MODES 7
1.2 TYPES O F LASER AND THEIR OPERATIONS 8
1.2.1 SOLID LASER 8
1.2.1.1 DOPED INSULATOR LASER 8
1.2.1.2 SEMICONDUCTOR LASER 13
1.2.2 GAS LASER 15
1.2.2.1 ATOMIC GAS LASER; HE:NE LASER 16 1.2.2.2 ION LASER: ARGON ION
LASER 17
1.2.2.3 MOLECULAR LASER 18
1.2.3 LIQUID LASER 21
1.3 METHODS O F PRODUCING EUV/VUV, X-RAY LASER BEAMS 22 1.3.1 FREE
ELECTRON LASERS (FEL) 22
1.3.2 X-RAY LASERS 24
1.3.3 EUV/VUV LASERS THROUGH HIGHER HARMONIC GENERATION 25
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1019989688
IMAGE 2
V I I I CONTENTS
1.4 PROPERTIES O F LASER RADIATION 26
1.4.1 MONOCHROMATICITY 26
1.4.2 DIRECTIONALITY 28
1.4.3 COHERENCE 28
1.4.4 BRIGHTNESS 29
1.4.5 FOCUSING O F LASER BEAM 29
1.5 MODIFICATION IN BASIC LASER STRUCTURE 30
1.5.1 MODE LOCKING 30
1.5.1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE O F MODE LOCKING 30 1.5.1.2 MODE LOCKING
TECHNIQUES 31 1.5.2 Q-SWITCHING 32
1.5.3 PULSE SHAPING 33
REFERENCES 34
2 INTRODUCTION O F MATERIALS AND ARCHITECTURES AT T H E NANOSCALE 35
SUBHASH CHANDRA SINGH, HAIBO ZENG, CHUNLEI GUO, RAM GOPAL, AND WEIPING
CAI 2.1 ORIGIN A N D HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 3 5
2.2 INTRODUCTION 36
2.3 BAND THEORY O F SOLIDS 37
2.4 Q U A N T U M CONFINEMENT 41
2.5 DEFECTS A N D IMPERFECTIONS 44
2.5.1 POINT DEFECT 45
2.5.2 LINE DEFECTS 45
2.5.3 PLANAR DEFECTS 45
2.5.4 VOLUME OR BULK DEFECTS 4 7
2.6 METAL, SEMICONDUCTOR, A N D INSULATOR NANOMATERIALS 48
2.6.1 METAL NANOPARTICLES A N D THEIR SIZE-/SHAPE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES
48 2.6.2 SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR SIZE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES
52
2.6.3 INSULATOR NANOPARTICLES 53
2.7 VARIOUS SYNTHESIS METHODS O F NANOSCALE MATERIALS 53
2.8 VARIOUS TECHNIQUES O F MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 54
2.8.1 LIGHT BEAM CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES (200-1000 N M ) 54 2.8.2
INFRARED (IR) CHARACTERIZATION (1000-200 000 NM) 55 2.8.3
X-RAY-BEAM-BASED CHARACTERIZATION METHODS 5 5 2.8.4 ELECTRON-BEAM-BASED
CHARACTERIZATION METHODS 56
2.8.5 NUCLEAR RADIATION AND PARTICLE-BASED SPECTROSCOPY 5 7 2.9
SELF-ASSEMBLY AND INDUCED ASSEMBLY, AGGREGATION, A N D AGGLOMERATION O F
NANOPARTICLES 5 8
2.10 APPLICATIONS O F LASERS IN NANOMATERIAL SYNTHESIS, MODIFICATION, A
N D CHARACTERIZATION 59 2.11 SUMMARY A N D FUTURE PROSPECTS 64
REFERENCES 65
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS I X
P A R T I NANOMATERIALS: LASER BASED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES 67
3 LASER-MATTER INTERACTION 69
3.1 HIGH-INTENSITY FEMTOSECOND LASER INTERACTIONS WITH CASES AND
CLUSTERS 69 ALAN M. HEINS AND CHUNLEI GUO 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION 69
3.1.2 LASER-ATOM INTERACTIONS 69
3.1.3 LASER-MOLECULE INTERACTIONS 72
3.1.4 HIGH-PRESSURE ATOMIC PHYSICS 73
3.1.5 STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS 74
3.1.6 CLUSTERS 74
3.1.7 LASER-CLUSTER PRODUCTION 75
3.1.8 LASER-CLUSTER INTERACTION 76
3.1.9 AEROSOL MONITORING 77
3.1.10 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS 78
3.1.11 CONCLUSION A N D OUTLOOK 79
REFERENCES 8 0
3.2 LASER-MATTER INTERACTION: PLASMA AND NANOMATERIALS PROCESSING 85
SUBHASH CHANDRA SINGH 3.2.1 INTRODUCTION 85
3.2.2 INFLUENCES O F LASER IRRADIANCE ON MELTING A N D VAPORIZATION
PROCESSES 85
3.2.3 INFLUENCE O F LASER PULSE WIDTH A N D PULSE SHAPE 90
3.2.4 INFLUENCES O F LASER WAVELENGTH ON ABLATION THRESHOLD A N D PLASMA
PARAMETERS 94 3.2.5 INFLUENCES O F BACKGROUND GAS PRESSURE O N THE
PLASMA CHARACTERISTIC AND MORPHOLOGY O F PRODUCED MATERIALS 94
3.2.6 DOUBLE PULSE LASER ABLATION 99
3.2.7 ELECTRIC- A N D MAGNETIC-FIELD-ASSISTED LASER ABLATION 99 3.2.8
EFFECT O F LASER POLARIZATION 101
3.2.9 CONCLUSIONS 102
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 103 REFERENCES 103
4 NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN CAS PHASE 105
4.1 SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS O F NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS PREPARED BY
LASER ABLATION O F METALS IN VACUUM 105 RASHID ASHIROVICH GANEEV 4.1.1
INTRODUCTION 105
4.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 106
4.1.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 106
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X I CONTENTS
4.1.4 CONCLUSIONS 113
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 114 REFERENCES 114
4.2 SYNTHESIS O F NANOSTRUCTURES WITH PULSED LASER ABLATION IN A FURNACE
117 RUSEN YANG AND JUNG-IL HONG
4.2.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATION FOR PULSED LASER DEPOSITION: A N
INTRODUCTION 117 4.2.1.1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURE 117 4.2.2
THERMAL-ASSISTED PULSED LASER DEPOSITION 120 4.2.2.1 FURNACE SYSTEM 122
4.2.2.2 LASER ABLATION SETUP 123
4.2.2.3 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 124 4.2.3 SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE BRANCHED
ZINC PHOSPHIDE NANOSTRUCTURES WITH TAPLD 125 4.2.3.1 PROPERTIES O F ZN 3
P2 125
4.2.3.2 ZN 3P2 N A N O S T R U C T U R E S 126
4.2.3.3 PROPERTIES AND DEVICES FABRICATION 130 4.2.3.4 SUMMARY O F THE Z
N 3 P 2 N A N O S T R U C T U R E S 135 4.2.4 ALIGNED FERRITE NANORODS,
NWS, A N D NANOBELTS WITH THE TAPLD PROCESS 135
4.2.4.1 INTRODUCTION 135
4.2.4.2 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 136 4.2.4.3 RESULTS A N D DISCUSSION 138
4.2.4.4 SUMMARY O F THE IRON OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES 140 REFERENCES 142
4.3 ZNO NANOWIRE AND ITS HETEROSTRUCTURES CROWN WITH
NANOPARTIDE-ASSISTED PULSED LASER DEPOSITION 145 BINGQIANG CAO, RUIQIAN
GUO, AND TATSUO OKADA 4.3.1 INTRODUCTION 145
4.3.2 FROM 2D NANOWALL TO I D NANOWIRE WITH PLD 147
4.3.3 NAPLD NANOWIRE GROWTH MECHANISM 148 4.3.4 CONTROLLED NANOWIRE
GROWTH WITH NAPLD 152 4.3.4.1 INFLUENCE O F SUBSTRATE-TARGET DISTANCE
152 4.3.4.2 INFLUENCE O F LASER ENERGY 153
4.3.4.3 INFLUENCE O F SUBSTRATE ANNEALING 154 4.3.4.4 INFLUENCE O F
WETTING LAYER 156 4.3.5 GROWTH O F NANOWIRE HETEROSTRUCTURES BASED O N
LOW-DENSITY NANOWIRES 159
4.3.6 CONCLUSIONS 162
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 164 REFERENCES 164
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS J X I
4.4 LASER-VAPORIZATION-CONTROLLED CONDENSATION FOR T H E SYNTHESIS OF
SEMICONDUCTOR, METALLIC, AND BIMETALLIC NANOCRYSTALS AND NANOPARTICLE
CATALYSTS 167 M. SAMY EL-SHALL 4.4.1 INTRODUCTION 167
4.4.2 BRIEF OVERVIEW O F NUCLEATION AND GROWTH FROM THE VAPOR PHASE 168
4.4.3 THE LVCC METHOD 170
4.4.4 SILICON NANOCRYSTALS 173
4.4.5 LASER ALLOYING O F NANOPARTICLES IN THE VAPOR PHASE 174 4.4.5.1
GOLD-SILVER ALLOY NANOPARTICLES 177 4.4.5.2 SIZE CONTROL BY LASER
IRRADIATION O F NANOPARTICLES IN SOLUTIONS 179 4.4.5.3 GOLD-PALLADIUM
ALLOY NANOPARTICLES 181 4.4.6 INTERMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES 182
4.4.6.1 FEAL A N D NIAL INTERMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES 183 4.4.7 GROWTH O F
FILAMENTS AND TREELIKE ASSEMBLY BY ELECTRIC FIELD 186 4.4.8 UPCONVERTING
DOPED NANOCRYSTALS BY THE LVCC METHOD 190
4.4.9 SUPPORTED NANOPARTICLE CATALYSTS BY THE LVCC METHOD 194 4.4.10
CONCLUSION 197
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 197 REFERENCES 198
5 NANOMATERIALS: LASER-INDUCED NANO/MICROFABRICATIONS 203
5.1 DIRECT FEMTOSECOND LASER NANOSTRUCTURING AND NANOPATTERNING ON
METALS 203 ANATOLIY VOROBYEV AND CHUNLEI GUO 5.1.1 INTRODUCTION 203
5.1.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES O F SURFACE NANOSTRUCTURING BY DIRECT FEMTOSECOND
LASER ABLATION 204 5.1.3 NANOSTRUCTURES 205
5.1.4 FEMTOSECOND LASER-INDUCED PERIODIC STRUCTURES (PERIODIC
NANOGROOVES) O N METALS 207 5.1.5 NANOSTRUCTURE-TEXTURED MICROSTRUCTURES
208 5.1.5.1 NANOSTRUCTURE-TEXTURED MICROGROOVE STRUCTURES 208
5.1.5.2 NANOSTRUCTURE-TEXTURED COLUMNAR MICROSTRUCTURES 208 5.1.6 SINGLE
NANOHOLES A N D ARRAYS O F NANOHOLES 209 5.1.7 APPLICATIONS O F
FEMTOSECOND LASER-INDUCED SURFACE STRUCTURES O N METALS 210
5.1.7.1 MODIFICATION O F OPTICAL PROPERTIES 210 5.1.7.2 MODIFICATION O F
WETTING PROPERTIES 211 5.1.7.3 BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 212 5.1.7.4 OTHER
APPLICATIONS 213
5.1.8 SUMMARY 214
REFERENCES 214
IMAGE 6
X I I I CONTENTS
5.2 LASER-INDUCED FORWARD TRANSFER: AN APPROACH TO DIRECT WRITE OF
PATTERNS IN FILM FORM 219 HIRONOBU SAKATA AND MORIAKI WAKAKI 5.2.1
INTRODUCTION 219
5.2.2 PRINCIPLE A N D METHOD 219
5.2.3 LIFT O F MATERIALS 221
5.2.3.1 METALS A N D SINGLE ELEMENT 221
5.2.3.2 OXIDES 229
5.2.3.3 OTHER COMPOUNDS INCLUDING BIOMATERIALS 234 5.2.4 APPLICATIONS
235
5.2.5 SUMMARY A N D CONCLUSION 238
REFERENCES 239
5.3 LASER-INDUCED FORWARD TRANSFER: TRANSFER O F MICRO-NANOMATERIALS ON
SUBSTRATE 241 QING WANG, VAHIT SAMETOGLU, AND YING YIN TSUI 5.3.1
INTRODUCTION O F LASER-INDUCED FORWARD TRANSFER (LIFT) 241
5.3.2 SPATIAL RESOLUTION O F THE LIFT PROCESS 243
5.3.3 TRANSFER O F THERMALLY AND MECHANICALLY SENSITIVE MATERIALS 248
REFERENCES 252
5.4 LASER-INDUCED FORWARD TRANSFER FOR THE FABRICATION O F DEVICES 255
MATTHIAS NAGEL AND THOMAS LIPPERT 5.4.1 INTRODUCTION 255
5.4.2 LIFT TECHNIQUES FOR DIRECT-WRITE APPLICATIONS 261 5.4.2.1
TRADITIONAL LIFT 261
5.4.3 MODIFIED LIFT METHODS 277
5.4.3.1 MATRIX-ASSISTED PULSED LASER EVAPORATION DIRECT-WRITE (MAPLE-DW)
277 5.4.3.2 LASER MOLECULAR IMPLANTATION (LMI) 279 5.4.3.3 LAYERED DONOR
SYSTEMS WITH INTERMEDIATE ABSORBING FILMS 280 5.4.4 CONCLUSIONS AND
FUTURE ASPECTS 306
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 306 REFERENCES 306
6 NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN LIQUID MEDIA 317
6.1 LIQUID-ASSISTED PULSED LASER ABLATION/IRRADIATION FOR GENERATION OF
NANOPARTIDES 317 SUBHASH CHANDRA SINGH 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 317
6.1.2 ADVANTAGES O F LIQUID-PHASE LASER ABLATION OVER GAS PHASE 319
6.1.3 CLASSIFICATION O F LIQUID-PHASE LASER ABLATION O N THE BASIS O F
TARGET CHARACTERISTICS 319 6.1.3.1 LIQUID-PHASE LASER ABLATION O F SOLID
BULK TARGET MATERIALS 320
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS | X I I I
6.1.3.2 LASER-INDUCED MELTING AND FRAGMENTATION O F LIQUID-SUSPENDED
PARTICLES 387
6.1.3.3 LASER IRRADIATION O F METAL SALTS OR LIQUID PRECURSORS 411 6.1.4
APPLICATIONS O F NANOMATERIALS PRODUCED BY LIQUID-PHASE PULSED LASER
ABLATION/IRRADIATION 422 6.1.4.1 APPLICATIONS I N PV SOLAR CELLS 422
6.1.4.2 IN SITU FUNCTIONALIZATION FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 423
6.1.4.3 SEMICONDUCTOR NPS AS FLUORESCENT MARKERS 425
6.1.4.4 SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING (SERS) ACTIVE SUBSTRATES 425
6.1.4.5 NANOFERTILIZER FOR SEED GERMINATION A N D GROWTH STIMULATION 426
6.1.4.6 OTHER APPLICATIONS 429
6.1.5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 429
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 429 REFERENCES 430
6.2 SYNTHESIS O F METAL COMPOUND NANOPARTIDES BY LASER ABLATION IN
LIQUID 439 HAIBO ZENG, SHIKUAN YANG, AND WEIPING CAI
6.2.1 INTRODUCTION 439
6.2.2 SYNTHESIS O F NANOPARTIDES BY LAL 441
6.2.2.1 OXIDE NANOPARTIDES 441
6.2.2.2 CARBIDE NANOPARTIDES 447
6.2.2.3 NITRIDE NANOPARTIDES 451
6.2.3 CONCLUSIONS 454
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 454 REFERENCES 454
6.3 SYNTHESIS O F FOURTH CROUP (C, SI, AND CE) NANOPARTIDES BY LASER
ABLATION IN LIQUIDS 457 MINGHUI HONG, GUOXIN CHEN, AND TOW CHONG CHONG
6.3.1 LASER ABLATION IN LIQUID (LAL) 457
6.3.1.1 INTRODUCTION 457
6.3.1.2 DYNAMIC PROCESS 459
6.3.1.3 GROWTH MECHANISM O F NANOPARTIDES BY LAL 462 6.3.1.4 LAL PROCESS
464
6.3.1.5 NANOPARTICLE CONTROL 466
6.3.1.6 SAFETY MATTERS 468
6.3.2 CARBON NANOPARTIDES 468
6.3.2.1 DIAMOND NANOPARTIDES 468
6.3.2.2 AMORPHOUS CARBON NANOPARTIDES 476 6.3.2.3 CARBON NANOCRYSTALS
479
6.3.2.4 SYNTHESIS O F OTHER CARBON NANOMATERIALS BY LAL 481 6.3.3
SILICON NANOPARTIDES 486
6.3.4 G E R M A N I U M NANOPARTIDES 489
6.3.5 CONCLUSIONS 491
IMAGE 8
X I V CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 491
REFERENCES 491
PART II NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES 495
7 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY: BASICS AND APPLICATIONS 497
7.1 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 497 PATRICK J. MCNALLY
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION 497
7.1.2 RAMAN SCATTERING IN SEMICONDUCTORS 499
7.1.3 MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY: MICROSCALE APPLICATIONS 501 7.1.4 RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY APPROACHES THE NANOSCALE 502 7.1.5 CONFOCAL RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY - APPLICATIONS TO FUTURE SUB-22 N M NODE CMOS TECHNOLOGY
504
7.1.6 CONCLUSION 508
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 508 REFERENCES 508
1.1 EFFECT O F PARTICLE SIZE REDUCTION ON RAMAN SPECTRA 511 VASANT G.
SATHE 7.2.1 INTRODUCTION 511
7.2.2 NANOPARTICLES A N D PHONON CONFINEMENT 512
7.2.3 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS O F OPTICAL PHONON CONFINEMENT 515
7.2.3.1 EFFECT O F PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 518 7.2.3.2 ESTIMATION O F
DISPERSION CURVE 518 7.2.3.3 LIMITATIONS O F PHONON CONFINEMENT MODEL
519 7.2.4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR CONFOCAL MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 520
7.2.5 CASE STUDIES O F RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY O F NANOMATERIALS 520 7.2.5.1
RESONANT RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY O F CDS A N D CDSE NANOPARTICLES 520 7.2.5.2
CE02 NANOSTRUCTURES 522
7.2.5.3 Z N O NANOSTRUCTURES 524
7.2.6 EFFECT O F LASER HEATING IN NANOPARTICLES 524
7.2.6.1 Z N O NANOSTRUCTURES 524
7.2.6.2 EFFECT O F LASER HEATING A N D Q U A N T U M CONFINEMENT IN
NIFE20 4 N A N O S T R U C T U R E S 525
7.2.7 SUMMARY A N D FUTURE DIRECTIONS 531
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 532 REFERENCES 532
8 SIZE DETERMINATION O F NANOPARTICLES BY DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING 535
HARUHISA KATO 8.1 INTRODUCTION 535
8.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES O F DLS (PHOTON CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY) 537
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS X V
8.3 PARTICLE SIZE STANDARDS APPLIED TO DLS 542
8.4 UNIQUE DLS INSTRUMENTS 546
8.4.1 SINGLE-MODE FIBER-OPTIC DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING 546 8.4.2 PHOTON
CROSS-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY (PCCS) 547 8.5 SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION
USING DLS MEASUREMENTS OF NANOPARTICLES 547
8.5.1 DLS INSTRUMENTS 548
8.5.2 SIZE DETERMINATION O F PARTICLES IN SUSPENSION 548
8.5.3 CONCEPT O F IDENTIFYING AND ANALYZING UNCERTAINTY I N THE SIZE O F
T H E SECONDARY NANOPARTICLES 549 8.5.3.1 CHANGE I N SIZE O F THE
SECONDARY NANOPARTICLES DURING A TIME PERIOD 550
8.5.3.2 DIFFERENCE IN SIZE DETERMINED BY DIFFERENT DLS INSTRUMENTS 550
8.5.3.3 DIFFERENCE IN SIZE DETERMINED BY DIFFERENT DLS INSTRUMENTS 551
8.5.4 CALCULATION O F COMBINED UNCERTAINTY 551
8.6 RESULT O F DLS CHARACTERIZATION 551
8.7 CONCLUSION 552
REFERENCES 552
9 PHOTOLUMNISCENCE/FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE FOR
NANOMATERIALS CHARACTERIZATIONS 555
9.1 APPLICATION O F PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY IN T H E
CHARACTERIZATIONS O F NANOMATERIALS 555 BINGQIANG CAO, HAIBO GONG, HAIBO
ZENG, AND WEIPING CAI 9.1.1 INTRODUCTION 555
9.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 557
9.1.3 APPLICATIONS O F GENERAL PL SPECTROSCOPY O N NANOMATERIAL
ENSEMBLES 559 9.1.3.1 ROOM-TEMPERATURE PL A N D PLE SPECTROSCOPY 559
9.1.3.2 TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PL SPECTROSCOPY 561
9.1.3.3 TIME-RESOLVED PL SPECTROSCOPY 564 9.1.3.4 EXCITATION-DEPENDENT
PL SPECTROSCOPY 565 9.1.4 APPLICATIONS O F MICROPL SPECTROSCOPY O N
SINGLE NANOMATERIAL 567 9.1.4.1 MICROPL SPECTROSCOPY A N D ITS
APPLICATIONS O N SINGLE
NANOMATERIAL 567
9.1.4.2 CL SPECTROSCOPY 567
9.1.4.3 APPLICATIONS O F CL I N SINGLE NANOMATERIALS 568 9.1.5
CONCLUSIONS 571
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 571 REFERENCES 572
9.2 FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY O F NANOMATERIALS 573 KAUSHAL
KUMAR, LUIGI SANGUIGNO, FILIPPO CAUSA, AND PAOLO ANTONIO NETTI 9.2.1
INTRODUCTION 573
9.2.1.1 WHAT FCS CAN DO FOR NANOPARTICLES? 576
IMAGE 10
X V I CONTENTS
9.2.1.2 FLUORESCENCE IS A TOOL FOR FCS 576
9.2.1.3 HOW DOES FCS WORK? 576
9.2.1.4 BASIC THEORY O F FCS 577
9.2.2 INSTRUMENTATION 580
9.2.2.1 COMPONENTS O F THE SETUP 581
9.2.2.2 CONSTRUCTION O F THE INSTRUMENT 583
9.2.3 INSTRUMENT OPTIMIZATION AND PERFORMING FCS EXPERIMENTS 587 9.2.3.1
ALIGNING A N D OPTIMIZING THE SETUP 587 9.2.3.2 PREPARING THE SAMPLE FOR
FCS 589
9.2.4 SOME FCS STUDIES ON NANOMATERIAL CHARACTERIZATIONS 589 9.2.5
CONCLUSIONS A N D FUTURE PROSPECTS 593
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 593 REFERENCES 594
9.3 TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOMATERIALS 597
YASHASHCHANDRA DWIVEDI 9.3.1 INTRODUCTION 597
9.3.1.1 EXAMPLE 601
9.3.2 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS O F TRPL 602
9.3.2.1 PUMP-PROBE TECHNIQUE 604
9.3.2.2 SINGLE-PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUE 604 9.3.2.3 TRPL IMAGING
TECHNIQUE 605 9.3.2.4 NONLINEAR OPTICAL TECHNIQUES 606 9.3.3 CASE STUDY
O F Z N O 607
9.3.3.1 ORIGIN O F Z N O PHOTOLUMINESCENCE 608 9.3.3.2 TIME-RESOLVED
SPECTROSCOPY O F ZNO 612 9.3.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 617
REFERENCES 617
10 PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN CHARACTERIZATION
OF NANOMATERIALS 621 KAUSHAL KUMAR, ADITYA KUMAR SINGH, AND AVINASH
CHANDRA PANDEY 10.1 INTRODUCTION 621
10.1.1 THEORY O F THE SIGNAL GENERATION 622
10.1.2 OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT SOLIDS (1^ 1 ) 625 10.1.3 OPTICALLY
OPAQUE SOLIDS (1^ S C 1 ) 626 10.1.4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT FLOW MODEL
627 10.1.5 THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY 627
10.1.6 SATURATION EFFECT I N PAS 628
10.1.7 PHOTOACOUSTIC VERSUS ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY 628 10.2
INSTRUMENTATION 629
10.2.1 MODULATED CONTINUOUS WAVE SOURCE SPECTROMETER 630 10.2.1.1
RADIATION SOURCES 630 10.2.1.2 SAMPLE CELL 631
IMAGE 11
CONTENTS X V I I
10.2.1.3 MODULATION TECHNIQUES 633
10.2.1.4 SIGNAL DETECTORS 634
10.2.1.5 DESIGN O F THE LOW-COST CONTINUOUS WAVE PA SPECTROPHOTOMETER
634 10.2.2 PULSED PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY 639 10.3 APPLICATIONS O F
PA SPECTROSCOPY TO THE NANOMATERIALS 641
10.3.1 DETERMINATION O F OPTICAL BAND GAP 6 41 10.3.2 DETERMINATION O F
ABSOLUTE Q U A N T U M EFFICIENCY 644 10.3.3 DETERMINATION O F THERMAL
DIFFUSIVITY/CONDUCTIVITY 645 10.3.4 PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY IN
BIOLOGY 646 10.3.5 DETERMINATION O F PHASE TRANSITION WITH TEMPERATURE
648
REFERENCES 648
11 UITRAFAST LASER SPECTROSCOPY O F NANOMATERIALS 651
SUBHASH CHANDRA SINGH AND YASHASHCHANDRA DWIVEDI 11.1 INTRODUCTION 651
11.2 UITRAFAST TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY 652 11.2.1 TRANSIENT
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY 653 11.2.2 TIME-RESOLVED UITRAFAST FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY 656 11.2.3 TIME-RESOLVED UITRAFAST INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
660
11.2.4 TIME-RESOLVED UITRAFAST RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 663 11.2.5
TIME-RESOLVED UITRAFAST FARADAY ROTATION (TRFR) SPECTROSCOPY 672 11.3
OTHER MULTIPLE WAVE UITRAFAST SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 673 11.3.1 PHOTON
ECHOES 673
11.3.2 FOUR-WAVE MIXING 678
11.4 MEASUREMENT O F CHARGE CARRIER DYNAMICS 679
11.4.1 EFFECT O F SIZE A N D SURFACE O N CHARGE CARRIER DYNAMICS IN
SEMICONDUCTOR NPS 680 11.4.2 EFFECT O F EXCITATION POWER ON CHARGE
CARRIER DYNAMICS: PICOSECOND DYNAMICS 682 11.4.3 EFFECTS O F SIZE AND
SURFACE O N THE ELECTRON RELAXATION DYNAMICS I N
METAL NPS 683
11.5 CONCLUSION A N D FUTURE PROSPECTS 684
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 685 REFERENCES 685
12 NONLINEAR OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION O F NANOMATERIALS 693 RASHID
ASHIROVICH GANEEV 12.1 INFLUENCE O F LASER ABLATION PARAMETERS O N THE
OPTICAL AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS O F COLLOIDAL SOLUTION O F
SEMICONDUCTOR
NANOPARTICLES 693
12.1.1 INTRODUCTION 693
12.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 694
12.1.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 696
12.1.3.1 MEASUREMENTS O F N2 O F SEMICONDUCTOR SOLUTIONS 696
IMAGE 12
X V I I I J CONTENTS
12.1.3.2 THE ANALYSIS O F SELF-INTERACTION PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR
SOLUTIONS 699
12.1.3.3 THE SIGN O F NONLINEAR REFRACTION O F SEMICONDUCTOR
NANOPARTICLES 700 12.1.3.4 NONLINEAR ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS 702 12.2
HIGH-ORDER HARMONIC GENERATION IN SILVER-NANOPARTICLE-CONTAINED
PLASMA 704
12.2.1 INTRODUCTION 704
12.2.2 EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS 705 12.2.3 RESULTS A N D DISCUSSION 706
12.3 STUDIES O F LOW- A N D HIGH-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF
BATIOJ A N D SRTI0 3 NANOPARTICLES 714 12.3.1 INTRODUCTION 714
12.3.2 EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS 715 12.4 RESULTS A N D DISCUSSION 717
12.4.1 STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION O F THE SAMPLES 717 12.4.2 NONLINEAR
REFRACTION A N D NONLINEAR ABSORPTION O F BATI03- A N D
SRTI03-NANOPARTICLE-CONTAINED SUSPENSIONS 719 12.5 HIGH-ORDER HARMONIC
GENERATION FROM THE BATI0 3- AND
SRTI0 3-NANOPARTICLE-CONTAINED LASER PLUMES 723 12.6 CONCLUSIONS 725
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 727 REFERENCES 727
13 POLARIZATION AND SPACE-CHARGE PROFILING WITH LASER-BASED THERMAL
TECHNIQUES 729 AXEL MELLINGER AND RAJEEV SINGH 13.1 INTRODUCTION 729
13.1.1 OVERVIEW 729
13.1.2 HISTORY O F THERMAL TECHNIQUES FOR POLARIZATION A N D
SPACE-CHARGE DEPTH-PROFILING 730 13.2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS A N D DATA
ANALYSIS 732 13.2.1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT CONDUCTION 733 13.2.2 THE
ONE-DIMENSIONAL LIMM EQUATION A N D ITS SOLUTIONS 736 13.2.2.1 SCALE
TRANSFORMATION 737 13.2.2.2 TIKHONOV REGULARIZATION 739 13.2.2.3 MONTE
CARLO TECHNIQUE 740
13.2.2.4 OTHER TECHNIQUES 741 13.2.3 T W O - A N D THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ANALYSIS 741 13.3 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 743
13.3.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE 744
13.3.2 LASER INTENSITY MODULATION METHOD (LIMM) 745 13.3.3 THERMAL
PULSES 746
13.3.4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAPPING 747 13.4 APPLICATIONS 748
IMAGE 13
CONTENTS | X I X
13.4.1 FILMS O F POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE A N D ITS COPOLYMERS 748
13.4.1.1 COMPARISON O F FOCUSED LIMM AND TPT 748 13.4.1.2 POLING
DYNAMICS 749 13.4.2 PVDF-TRFE COAXIAL SENSOR CABLES 749 13.4.3
SPACE-CHARGE ELECTRETS 752
13.4.4 POLYMER-DISPERSED LIQUID CRYSTALS 752 13.4.5 NANOMATERIALS 753
13.5 SUMMARY A N D OUTLOOK 753
REFERENCES 755
INDEX 759 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1025588320 |
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| bvnumber | BV040243280 |
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| dewey-search | 620.50287 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.50287 |
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
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| id | DE-604.BV040243280 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-21T00:35:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3527327150 9783527327157 9783527646821 9783527646852 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025099439 |
| oclc_num | 796274833 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-29T DE-859 DE-92 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-29T DE-859 DE-92 |
| physical | XXXI, 777 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 240 mm x 170 mm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers ed. by Subhash Chandra Singh ... Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2012 XXXI, 777 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 240 mm x 170 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Laserbearbeitung (DE-588)4139080-5 gnd rswk-swf Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd rswk-swf Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd rswk-swf Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 s Laserbearbeitung (DE-588)4139080-5 s Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 s DE-604 Singh, Subhash Chandra Sonstige (DE-588)1025588320 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-527-64684-5 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, MOBI 978-3-527-64683-8 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3982621&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025099439&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers Laserbearbeitung (DE-588)4139080-5 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139080-5 (DE-588)4342626-8 (DE-588)4034620-1 |
| title | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers |
| title_auth | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers |
| title_exact_search | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers |
| title_full | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers ed. by Subhash Chandra Singh ... |
| title_fullStr | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers ed. by Subhash Chandra Singh ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers ed. by Subhash Chandra Singh ... |
| title_short | Nanomaterials |
| title_sort | nanomaterials processing and characterization with lasers |
| title_sub | processing and characterization with lasers |
| topic | Laserbearbeitung (DE-588)4139080-5 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Laserbearbeitung Nanostrukturiertes Material Laserspektroskopie |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3982621&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025099439&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT singhsubhashchandra nanomaterialsprocessingandcharacterizationwithlasers |