Root development in the grassland formation: a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
1920
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| Schriftenreihe: | Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington
292 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 149 - 151 |
| Beschreibung: | 151 S., 23 Bl. zahlr. Ill. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Weaver, John Ernest |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Root development in the grassland formation |b a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants |c by John E. Weaver |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, DC |c 1920 | |
| 300 | |a 151 S., 23 Bl. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington |v 292 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 149 - 151 | ||
| 810 | 2 | |a Carnegie Institution |t Publication |v 292 |w (DE-604)BV035415500 |9 292 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HEBIS Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024995279&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN THE GRASSLAND
FORMATION
A CORRELATION OF THE ROOT SYSTEMS! OF NATIVE
VEGETATION ANI) CROP PLANTS
BY
JOHN E WEAVER
Professor of Plant Ecology in the University of Nebraska
Ca rn 8ge/B - i ohor
Depositum im
WBl CTCFB QOK®
WAS £KB JRG,(H„]
PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, 1920
OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS !
PAGE
List of illustrations 5
I THE PRAIKIE-PLAINS
The true prairie 12
The short-grass plains 13
II ROOT SYSTEMS OF
Aster multiflorus ; 16
Solidago missouriensis 16
Agropyrum glaucum 18
Poa pratensis 18
Spartina cynosuroides 21
Salvia pitcheri 21
Melilotus alba 23
Helianthus rigidus 23
III ROOT SYSTEMS OF SH
Opuntia polyacantha 43
IV ROOT SYSTEMS OF !
Species Excavated in Sandy Soil:
Paspalum setaceum 45
Erigeron bellidiastrum 46
Liatris squarrosa 47
Asclepias arenaria * 48
Haplopappus spinulosus 49
Meriolix serrulata 49
Meritzelia nuda 50
Eriogonum annuum 51
Onagra biennis ) 54
Commelina virginica 55
Pentstemon angustifolius ; 55
Cyperus schweinitzii 56
Thelesperma gracile 56
Ceanothus ovatus 57
Croton texensis 58
V E
Bulbilis dactyloides 72
Bouteloua gracilis 77
A gropyrum glaucum 77
Gutierrezia sarothrze 78
Petalostemon purpureus 78
Lygodesmia juncea 79
Andropogon scoparius 79
Andropogon furcatus 82
Artemisia filifolia 82
Muhlenbergia pungens 82
VI THE ROOT SY
Root Devclopmen
Central City, Nebraska 100
Lincoln, Nebraska _101 _
Root Development in
Yuma, Colorado 108
Sterling, Colorado 109
Flagler, Colorado 109
PAGE
Introduction 9
GRASSLAND FORMATION
The mixed prairie I I
?RUE-PRAIRIE SPECIES
Prairie Root Systems and Prairie En
vironment 25
Sum7nary of Prairie Species 25
Comparison^ of True- and Mixed-Prairie
Environment 27
Comparison of High and Low True-
Prairie A reas - 7
RT-GRASS-PLAINS SPECIES
Schedonnardus paniculatus 13
IIXED-PRAIRIE SPECIES
Species Excavated in Sandy Soil—con t
Artemisia canadensis 59
Anogra cinerea HI
Chrysopsis hispida 01
Peiitstemon ambiguus! 02
Panicum scribnerianum 05
Tradoscantia occidentals 65
Bouteloua hirsuta 65
Species excavated in Hard Lands:
Bouteloua curtipendula 67
Stipa viridula 68
Astragalus microlobus 69
Eriocoma cuspidata J 69
Carex filifolia ; 70
Astragalus drummondii 70
)ADS
Aristida purpurea S3
Psoralea tenuiflora 1 85
Artemisia frigida ; 87
Chrysopsis villosa S7
CJarex pennsylvanica S8
Redfieldia flexuosa 88
Calamovilfa longifolia 89
Andropogon hallii 89
Summary of Short-grass Plains and
Mixed-Prairie Species 92
Conclusions 92
TEMS OP CEREALS
in True Prairie
l^airbury, Nebraska 105
,-WahooV Nebraska J DO
Short-Grass Plains
Burlington, Colorado ] 12
Colby, Kansas ; 113
Limon, Colorado 114
4 ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN THE GRASSLAND FORMATION
Root Development in Mixed Prairie
PAGE
Limon, Colorado llfi
Yuma, Colorado 110
Ardmore, South Dakota 117
PAGE
Colorado Springs, Colorado 119
Phillipsburg, Kansas 119
Mankato, Kansas 120
Summary
VII ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF CROP-PLANT ECADS
Medicago sativa ^ 127
Melilotus alba 13 L
Bromus inermis 132
Dactylis glomerata 133
Festuca elatior 133
Avena sativa 134
Andropogon sorghum 134
Helianthus annuus 135
Trifolium repens 136
Trifolium pratense 137
Summary of Crop Plants 139
Correlation of Crop-Root Development
with that of Natural Vegetation 139
Summary
VIII SUMMARY
143 I BIBLIOGRAPHY 149
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
PLATE A
Quadrat-bisect showing root distribution of
certain dominant and subdominant
species of upland true prairie Be,
Bouteloua curtipendida; C, Carex
pennsylvanica; K, Kceleria cristata;
Li, Liatris punctata; B, Bouteloua
gracilis; Am, Amorpha canescem; A,
Andropogon scoparius; At, Aster mul-
tiflorus; So, Solidago missouriensis;
S, Stipa spartea facing p 38
PLATE B
Quadrat-bisect showing root distribution of
certaiii-d ominantr—aiid ^subdominant
species of lowland true prairie:-—-S,-
Spartina cynosuroides; P, Poa praten-
sis; Af, Andropogon furcatus; G,
Glycyrrhiza lepidota; Pa, Panicum
virgatum; So, Solidago altissima
PLATE 1 • facing p 40
A True prairie near Lincoln, Nebraska,
dominated by tall-grasses and with
many herbaceous societies
B Kceleria cristata in true prairie, eastern
Nebraska, in June
C Stipa spartea and Solidago rigida, Min
neapolis, Minnesota
PLATE 2
A Open mats of Bulbilis dactyloides and
Bouteloua gracilis, Sterling, Colorado
B Closed mac of Bulbilis dactyloides in the
short-grass-plains association, Bur
lington, Colorado iU]
PLATE 3,| jjjj
A Agropyrum glaucum in mixed prairie,
Ardmore, South: Dakota; jj ,
B Bulbilis dactyloides, layer in ^ Agropyrum
consociation, Ardmore} [ iSouth Da-:
kota
C Mixed prairie, Mankato, Kansas Bul
bilis dactyloides and Bouteloua gracilis
dominating as a result ofiovergrazing
PLATE 4 I
A Station in the mixed prairie at Colorado
Springs, Colorado, in an overgrazed
area, photographed shortly after it
was enclosed in 1918
B Station in the upland prairie at Lincoln,
Nebraska
PLATE 5
A View along the edge of an upland prairie
quadrat where the bisect (plate A)
was made
B Society of Psoralea tenuiflora fioribunda
in true prairie
C A meter quadrat in the upland prairie _
station at Lincoln *
PLATE 6
A Prairie near the lowland station at
Lincoln, Nebraska
B Andropogon furcatus on low prairie
C Panicum virgatum on low prairie
PLATE 7
A Artemisia filifolia and Stipa comata in
mixed prairie at Haigler, Nebraska
B Andropogon scoparius in a turf of short-
grasses near Yuma, Colorado
PTIATE 8
A Sandhill at Seneca covered with mixed
prairie
B Typical view of sandhills, Seneca,
Nebraska
PLATE 9
A Bulbilis dactyloides on hard land,
Colorado
B Mixed praixiB-oD-TsanTly^loam soil near
Yuma, Colorado
C Redfieldia flexuosa and Muhlenbergia
pungens (in foreground)
PLATE 10
A Overgrazed and wind-eroded sandy area
near Central City, Nebraska, being
reclaimed by cropping with rye
Salsola tragus in,foreground
B A sandhill in this area dominated by
Redfieldia flexuosa, Calamovilfa longi-
folia, and Andropogon hallii ,
PLATE 11
A Bouteloua gracilis and Opuntia polya-
cantha in short-grass plains
B Agropyrum glaucum in competition with
Bulbilis dactyloides, Limon, Colorado
PLATE 12
A Hoots of Calamovilfa longifolia in natural
position at a depth of 3 or 4 feet
B Agropynim glaucum in mixed prairie,
Mankato, Kansas,
i p Root system ,of Secale cereale excavated
i , • • • |in sandy soil
PLATE 13 j
!A Root system of Cyperus schweinitzii
1 B; Rhizomes and a portion of the root
j system of Bouteloua curtipendula
C Portions of the root systems of alfalfa
i from lowland (left) and upland (right)
areas
PLATE 14 -
A Panicum scribnerianum
B Four-months-old Bouteloua curtipendida
PLATE 15
A Bisect showing ropts of 2-year-old alfalfa
B Root system of Bouteloua hirsuta
PliATE 16
A A portion of the extensive root system
of Stipa viridula
B Root system of 2-year-old alfalfa, in two
sections
•PLATE 17
A Root system of Carex pennsylvanica
B Plant of 49-day-old white sweet clover
grown on lowland (left) and upland
(right), plats at Lincoln, Nebraska
C Bisect showing roots and rhizomes of
Calamovilfa longifolia
6 ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN THE GRASSLAND FORMATION
PLATE 18
A Andropogon furcatus, 4 months old
B One-year-old Melilotus alba
PLATE 19
A Artemisia filifolia in sandy soil
B Portion of root system of Psoralca
tenuiflora
PLATE 20
A Rye grown in sandy soil to prevent wind
erosion, Central City, Nebraska
B Rye on sod, Colorado Springs, Colorado
PLATE 21
A Field of wheat at Colby, Kansas, where
roots were excavated
c TEXT-F
PAGE
1 Root system of Aster multiflorus 17
2 Root system of Solidago missourien
sis L7
3 Roots and rhizome of Agropyrum
glaucum ; 19
4 Roots and rhizome of Spartina
cynosuroides 19
5 Salvia pitcheri 22
6 Roots and rhizome of Helianthus
rigidus • 24
7 Graphs showing the average daily
evaporation rates in the mixed
prairie (upper line) and true
prairie (lower line) during 3919 31
8 Graphs showing the average daily
evaporation rates in the mixed
prairie (1918) and true prairie
(1916 and 1917) 32
9 Graphs showing the average weekly
day and night temperatures in
the mixed prairie (broken
lines) and true prairie (solid
lines) during 1919 33
10 A meter quadrat in tlie mixed
prairie community at Colorado
Springs, Colorado A, An
dropogon scoparius; ; Af, Ar
temisia frigida; Ar, Aristida
purpureaBouteloua gra
cilis; Be, Bouteloua 1 curtipen-
dula; Bo, Bcebera papposa; C,
Carex pennsylvanica; Ch, Chry
sopsis villosa; K, Kceleria cris
tata; L, Lithospennum lineari-
folium; /ftf* Muhlenbergia
gracillima; P, Psora,lea tenui
flora; Ps, Pentstemon angusti-
folius; R, Ratibida columnaris 34
11 A meter quadrat in the true prairie
community at the upland sta
tion at Lincoln, ^Nebraska —
- A, Andropogon scoparius; Af,
Andropogon furcatus; Al, Al
lium mutabile; Am, Amorpha
canescens; An, Andropogon nu
tans; At, Aster multiflorus; Bt
Bouteloua gracilis; Be, Boute-
B Field, of wheat at Lincoln, Nebraska *
where roots were excavated
PLATE 22
A Field of winter wheat (left) and spring
wheat (right) on the hard land near
Limon, Colorado
B Winter wheat on Pierre clay, Ardmore,
South Dakota
C Consocies of Stipa viridula in an aban
doned road
PLATE 23
A Crop plats on lowland area, Lincoln,
Nebraska ;
B Crop plats on upland area, Lincoln,
Nebraska
PAGE
loua curtipendula; C, Carex
pennsylvanica; E, Euphorbia
serpens; F, Eestuca octofiora;
K, Kceleria cristata; L, Linuvt
sulcatum; Le, Lepidium vir-
ginicum; Li, Liatris punctata;
O, Oxalis stricta; P, Poa pra-
tensis; Pa, Panicum scribner
ianum; S, Stipa spartea; So,
Solidago missouriensis; V, Viola
pedatifida 35
12 Graphs showing the average daily
evaporation rates in the hi^h
prairie (upper line) and low
prairie (lower line) at Lincoln,
Nebraska,during 1919 37
13 A meter quadrat in the true-prairie
community at the lowland sta
tion at Lincoln, Nebraska
1 Af or /tty, Andropogon furca
tus; C, Chwtochloa viridis; Ca,
Carex sp ; IE, Euphorbia macu
losa; G, Glycyrrhiza lepidota;
O, Oxalis stricta; P or
Poa pratensis; Pa, Panicu/n
virgatum; Ph, Physalis hetero-
phylla; Po; Polygonum muhlen -
bergii; S, Spartina cynosuroides;
So, Solidago altissima; T, Tri
folium pratense 39
14 Map showing stations in the grass
land associations where studies
of root systems have been
made 42
15 Root system of Paspalum selaceuta 45
16 Erigeron bellidiastrum 46
17 Corm and root system of Liatris
sguarrosa 47
18 Root system of ^Asclepias arenaria 48
19 Haplopappus spinulosus 50
20 Meriolix serrulata 51
21 Mentzelia nuda 52
22 Widely spreading and deeply pene
trating root system of Erioyo-
num annuum 53
23 Well-developed root system of Ar
temisia canadensis 59
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 7
PAGE
24 Underground, portion of Anogra
cinerea 60
25 Underground portion of Chrysopsis
hispida 62
26 Root system of Pentstemon ambigu-
us 63
27 Buffalo grass in short-grass-plains
association 73
28 Root system of Andropogon sco
parius excavated in the sand
hills 80
29 Bisect through the roots of Aristida
purpurea growing in the sand
hills 84
30 Psoralea tenuifiora in short-grass-
plains association 86
31 Andropogon hallii excavated in the
sandhills 91 ,
PAGE
32 Root system of Avena sativa grown
in moist silt-loam soil 102
33 Root system of Triticum cestivum
grown in moist silt-loam soil 104
34 Root system of Secale cereale grown
in sandy soil 118
35 Root system of Medicago sativa, 2 5
months old 130
36 Root system of Melilotus alba about -
4 months old 130
37 Root system of Helianthus annuus
about 2 5 months old facing 136
38 Root system of Trifolium pratense
about 2 5 months old 137
39 Mature root system of Trifolium
pratense 137
|
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| id | DE-604.BV040138270 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:17:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024995279 |
| oclc_num | 602494972 |
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| owner_facet | DE-11 |
| physical | 151 S., 23 Bl. zahlr. Ill. |
| psigel | HUB-ZB011201205 |
| publishDate | 1920 |
| publishDateSearch | 1920 |
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| series2 | Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington |
| spelling | Weaver, John Ernest Verfasser aut Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants by John E. Weaver Washington, DC 1920 151 S., 23 Bl. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington 292 Literaturverz. S. 149 - 151 Carnegie Institution Publication 292 (DE-604)BV035415500 292 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024995279&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Weaver, John Ernest Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants |
| title | Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants |
| title_auth | Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants |
| title_exact_search | Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants |
| title_full | Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants by John E. Weaver |
| title_fullStr | Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants by John E. Weaver |
| title_full_unstemmed | Root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants by John E. Weaver |
| title_short | Root development in the grassland formation |
| title_sort | root development in the grassland formation a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants |
| title_sub | a correlation of the root systems of native vegetation and crop plants |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024995279&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035415500 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weaverjohnernest rootdevelopmentinthegrasslandformationacorrelationoftherootsystemsofnativevegetationandcropplants |