The ecological relations of roots:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Washington, DC
1919
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| Schriftenreihe: | Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington
286 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 128 |
| Beschreibung: | VII, 128 S. zahlr. Ill. |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Weaver, John Ernest |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The ecological relations of roots |c by John E. Weaver |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, DC |c 1919 | |
| 300 | |a VII, 128 S. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington |v 286 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 128 | ||
| 810 | 2 | |a Carnegie Institution |t Publication |v 286 |w (DE-604)BV035415500 |9 286 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149105699586048 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | THE ECOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF ROOTS
BY
JOHN E WEAVER
Professor of Plant Ecology in t ne University of Nebraska
PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON STATUTE
WASHINGTON,1919 -LKENB
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations |iij!v11 Introduction
Panicum virgatum r J 4
Andropogon furcatus • • ^
Andropogon scoparius !|
Andropogon nutans • i -, 5
Stipa spartea j j!L ,! ,6
Koeleria cristata [jj!-6
Elymus canadensis ji j!:6
Agropyrum repens jj! J;6
Distichlis spioata || , |6
Sporobolus longifolius
Aristid a oligantha
Bulbilis dactyloides
Bouteloua gracilis
Liatris punctata
Liatris scariosa
Solidago rigida
Solidago canadensis
Silphium laciniatum
Amorpha canescens 11
Helianthus rigidus I 11
I T HE P RAIRIES
Ii:
I
PAGE
Brauneria pallida 11
Petalostemon c andidus ] 11
, Vernonia baldwinii j 12
Kuhnia glutinosa ! 12
Verbena stricta i 12
Grindeiia squarrosa J 12
; Glycyrrhiza lepidota j 13
1 Astragalus crassicarpus 1 13
Psoralea tenuiflora J 14
Psoralea argophylla J 14
| Baptisia bracteata 14
: TheSutlclimax Pfairie 15
Brauneria pallida 15
j Lygodesmia juncea J 16
Lespedeza capitata 1 10
Ceanothus ovatiis 17
Amoiplia canescens 17
Prairie Root Systems and Prairie Environ
ment 18
II THE CHAI AHHAL COMMUNITY
Symphoricarpos vulgaris 25
Rhus glabra : 26
Corylus americana 27
III THE PHAIRJES OF T
The Root Systems of the Grasses
Agropyrum spicatum
Festuca ovina ingrata
Poa sandbergiir
Kceleria cristata
The Root Systems of other Prairie Specie8
Lupinus ornatus
Lupinus leucophyllus
Astragalus arrectus
Balsamorhiza sagittata
Geranium viscosissimum
Wyethiai amplexicaulis
Vitis vulpina 27
Rosa arkansana 27
Shrub Root Systems and the Shrub En
vironment 28
[E PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Ileuchera glabella 37
Leptotisnia multifida 37
Helianthella douglasii 37
Hoorebekia racemosa 37
Lithospermum ruderale 37
Sieversia ciliata 37
Sidalcea oregana 37
Hieracium scouleri 38
Potentilla blaschkeana 38
Eriogonum heracleoides 38
Prairie Root Systems and Prairie Environ
ment 38
IV THE PLATN:; ASSOCIATION
Bouteloua gracilis 46
Aristida purpurea 46
Muhlenbergia gracillima 47
Gutierrezia sarothrce 49
Psoralea tenuiflora 49
Artemisia frigida 50
Argemone platyceras 50
Yucca glauca 51
Agropyrum glaucum 52
Carex pennsylvanica 52
Andropogon scoparius 52
Stipa comata 53
Lithospermum linearifolium 53
Lygodesmia juncea 53
Aragallus Iambertii 55
Petalostemon purpureus 55
Petalostemon candidus 57
Eriogonum jamesii 57
Ratibida columnaris 59
Senecio aureus oblanceolatus 59
Asclepias verticillata pumila 59
Opuntia camanchica 61
Opuntia fragilis 62
Plains Root Systems and the Plains En
vironment 63
HI
IV CONTESTS
V THE SANDHIJ LS SUBCLIMAX
PAGE
Redfieldia ficxuosa 68
Calamovilfa longifolia 68
Andropogon hallii 70
Muhlenbergia pungens 70
Sporobolus cryptandrus 7 L
Eriogonum microthecum 71
Artemisia filifolia 73
Tradescantia virginiana 73
Heliotropium convolvulaceum 74
Petalostemon villosus
Gilia longiflora
Euphorbia petaloidea 76
Psoralea lanceoiata 78
Ipomoea leptophylla 78
Sandhill Root Systems and the Sandhill
Environment 79
VI THE GRAVEL-SLIDE COMMUNITY
Krynitzkia virgata SI
Paronychia jamesii 82
Aletes acaulis 83
Apocynum androsaemifolium 84
Smilacina stellata 85
Pachvlophus csespitosus 85
Thlaspi alpestre 86
Mentzelia multifiora 87
Eriogonum flavum 87
Gravel-Slide Root Systoyis and Gravel-Slide
Environment 88
VII THE HALF-GR VEL-SLIDE COMMUNITY
Elymus triticoides * 92
Solidago oreophila 02
Rubus deliciosus 93
Besseya plantaginea 94
Geranium ctespitosum 95
Calamagrostia purpurascens 95
Kceleria cristata 95
VIII THE FORI- ST COMMUNITY
Pirola chlorantha 100
Thalictrum fendleri 100
Erigeron asper 101
Erigeron macrantliu s 101
Fragaria virginiana 102
Allium cernuum 103
Aralia nudicauiis 103
Opulaster opulifolius 103
Ribcs lacustre 104
Saxifra^a bronchia li s
Haplopappus parryi
F orest Root Systems
Environment
IX LOADS
Smilacina stellata 110
Chamaenerium angustifolium 110
Elymus triticoides ^ 112
Bouteloua gracilis 112
Stipa comata 113
Yucca glauca 114
Allionia linearis
Abronia fragrant
Kceloria cristata
Chrysopsis villosa
Euphorbia montana
Root Modifications of Polydemics
Summary
X SUMMARY
122 Bibliography
Gilia aggregata 95
Potentilla arguta glandulosa 97
Frasera speciosa 97
Aster porteri 9S
Half-Gravel-Slide Root Systems and the
Half-Gravel-Slide Environment 98
Rosa aeicularis 104
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 105
Senecio cernuus 105
Castilleia miniata 105
Iieuchera parvifolia 105
and the Forcut
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
PLATE A
Quadrat-bisect showing root distribution
of certain dominant and subdominant
plains species: A, Aristida purpurea;
B, Bouteloua gracilis; Ar, Artemisia
frigida; P, Psoralea tenuiflora; C,
Chrysopsis villosa; Y, Yucca glauca
PLATE B
Quadrat-bisect in the half-gravel-slide The
face of the trench was cut along the
front of quadrat shown in Plate 25, A:
S, Solidago oreophila; A, Allium cer-
nuum; E, Elymus triticoides, fragments
of which are shown in blue; C, Cala-
magrostis purpurasceiis; H, Heuchera
parvifolia; B, Besseya plantaginea
PLATE C
Quadrat-bisect showing root systems of
shrubs and herbs of the forost!floor
This was made along the front1 edge
of the quadrat shown in Plate 27, B:
H, Haplopappus parryi; R, Rosaacicu-
laris; Pi, Pinus flexilis; F, Fragaria
virginiana; C, Chamwnerium • ahgus-
tifolium; P, Pi cca engelmanni
PLATE 1
A One end of a trench used in excavating
root systems ,
B Distichlis spicald, showing the long rhi
zomes and shallow roots
PLATE 2
A A prairie of eastern Nebraska in June,
Erigeron ramosus and Meriolix scr-
rulata in the foreground, and bushy
Psoralea tenuiflora in background
B An area dominated by Agrostis hiemalis,
with Allium mutabile, Achillea mille-
folium, and Stipa spartea
PLATE 3
A Andropogon furcatus
B Andropogon scoparius
C Andropogon nutans
PLATE 4
A Panicum virgatum, showing rhizomes,
coarse roots, and complete single root
B Stipa spartea
PLATE O
A Kceleria cristata
B Elymus canadensis
PLATE G
A Sporobolus longifolius
B Bouteloua gracilis, excavated near the
quadrat shown in text-figure 1
PLATE 7
A Silphium laciniatum, roots partially exca
vated
B Amorpha canescens, showing the wide
lateral spread -
PLATE 8
A Kuhnia glutinosa, root3 partially exca
vated
PLATE 8—continued
P Glycyrrhiza lepidota; a is a continua
tion of a
PLATE 9
A Astragalus crassicarpus, mature root
system
I- Astragalus crassicarpus, showing root of
young plant
( Baptisiabractcata
PLATU 10
A Psoralea tenuiflora, the tap root decayed
B Psoralea argophylla, showing entire root
in center
PLATE 11
A Bra anuria pallida
1 Lygodesmia juncea, in two sections
Lcspcdeza capitata
Plate 12
A Ceanolhus ovalus, root of a thirteen-year
old plant; a is a continuation of a
B Amorpha canescens; a is a continuation
of a
PLATE 13
A Symphoricarpos vulgaris, showing fino
network in surface soil
B Rhizomes and runners of Symphoricarpo*
vuUjaris; the horizontal line is t,h
ground line
PLATE 14
A Rhus glabra, a portion of the root network
with ascending rootlet a
B Rhus glabra, with ascending rootlet9
PLATE 15
A Corylus americana, the roots shown in
two sections
] » Rosa arkansana, the roots shown in two
sections
C Corylus americana, rhizomes and roots
PLATE 16
A Rosa arkansana, showing method of
propagation
B Rhus glabra invading subclimax prairie
PLATE 17
A Yu-cca glauca, showing the multicipital
stems and rhizome habit
B Prairie of southeastern Washington
(Meterquadratintheprairie,showing
Balsamorhiza, Festuca, Lithospermum
and Hieracium
PLATE 18
A The plains association near Colorado
Springs, showing Aristida purpurea
bunches in Bouteloua gracilis turf
J Psoralea tenuiflora, in two sections
( Yucca glauca
PLATE 19
A Stipa comata
B Petalostemon Candidas
( Eriogonumjamesii
PLATE 20
A Short-grass plains, showing Bouteloua
gracilis and Opuntia polyacantha
1 General view of the sandhill community
V
VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATE 21
A A sandhill community, showing Red-
fieldia, Petalostemon mllosus, Psoralea
lanceolata, and Chrysopsis villosa, with
a socies of Eriogonum microihecum 1
at the left |
B Roots and rhizomes of Calamovil/a 1
longifolia
PLATE 22
A Andropogon hallii
B Muhletibergia pungens
PLATE 23 I
A Consocies of Aletcs acaulis on the gravel-
slide, with Krynitzkia virgata in the
foreground
B Quadrat on the graveUslide, showing
detail of surface f
PLATE 24
A Aletes acaulis
B Network of fine rootlets of Aletcs
C Smilacina stellata
D Thlaspi alpestre
PLATE 25
A Half-gravel-slide, showing Elymus trit
icoides and the large bare intervals
TEXT-I
PLATE 25—continued
B Elymus triticoides
C Rubus deliciosus
PLATE 26
A Kceleria cristata
B Calamagrostis purpurascens
C Potentilla arguta glandulosa
PLATE 27
A Picea engelmanni consociation, showing
the forest floor
B Quadrat in the same spruce forest, show
ing Haplopappus parryi, Fragaria
virginiana, Thalictrum fendleri etc
PLATE 28
A Arctostaphylos uva-ursit showing ;i por
tion of the root system
B Ribes lacustre, seven years old
• PLATE 29 •
A Root systems of ecads of Smilacina stel
lata; a, gravel-slide; b, spruce forest
B Bouteloua gracilis from the sandhills
C Abronia fragrans from the plains
PLATE 30
A Opulaster opulifolius, twelve years old
B Chrysopsis villosa from the sandhill*
GURE3
PAGE
1 A meter quadrat in the Bouteloua com
munity dominating a gravelly
ridge at Belmont, near Lincoln; B,
Bouteloua gracilis; A, Andropogon
furcatus; S, Sporobolus longifolius;
M, Mcriolixserrulata; Am, Amor
pha canescens 9
2 Root system of Liatris punctata 10
3 Root system of Kuhnia glutinosa 1 0
4 Graphs showing the average daily
temperature (heavy line) and
humidity (light line) in the
prairie during 1916 22
5 Graphs showing the average daily
evaporation rates in the prairie
during 1916 (heavy line) and 1917
(light line) 22
6 Schematic bisect showing the root and
stem relations of important
prairie plants This and figures
7 and 8 were drawn from photo
graphs and data obtained by the
excavation and examination of
325 root systems of these 18
species: H, Hieracium scouleri:
K, Kceleria cristata; B, Balsam-
orhiza sagittata; F, Festuca ovina
ingrata; G, Geranium viscosis-
simum; P, Poa sandbergii; Ho,
Hoorebekia racemosa; Po, Poten
tilla blaschkeana 32
7 Schematic bisect: S, Sieversia ciliata;
W, Wyethia amplexicaulis; LI,
Lupinus leucophyllus; Lo, Lupi
nus ornatus; P, Poa sandbergii;
E, Leptot amp;nia multifida; A,
Agropyrum spicatum 34
PAGE
8 Schematic bisect: Hu, Hcuchera gla
bella; A, Astragalus arrectus; S,
Sidalcea oregana; H, Helianthella
douglasii; Ag, Agropyrum spica
tum 36
9 Aristida purpurea 47
10 Artemisia frigida 47
11Gvtierreziasarothroe, showing wide;
lateral spread of roots in the
surface soil 48
12 A small part of caudex of Yucca glauca,
showing number and extent of
horizontal roots, many exceeding
25 to 30 feet in length 48
13 Argemone platyceras 54
14 Lithospermum linearifolium 54
15 Lygodesmia juncea 56
16 Aragallus lambertii 56
17 Petalostemon purpureus 58
18 Ratibida columnaris 59
19 Senecio aureus oblanceolatus 60
20 Underground parts of Asclepias verti-
ciliata pumila 61
21 Opuntia camanchica, showing vertical
anchorage roots 62
22 Top view of surface roots of Opuntia
camanchica, showing the wide
lateral spread 62
23 Rcdfieldia flexuosa, showing rhizomes
and root distribution 69
24 Eriogonum microthecum 72
25 Root system of a ten-year-old Arte
misia filifolia 74
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VII
PAGE
26 Tradescantia virginiana 74
27 Root system of Petalostemon villosus 75
28 Gilia longiflora 76
29 Underground parts ot Psoralea lanceo-
lata, showing root tubercles at a
depth of eight feet 77
30 Ipomcea leptophylla, showing a portion
of the very extensive root system 78
31 Krynitzkia virgata The heavy slanting
line indicates the actual ground-
line SI
32 Paronychia jamesii 82
33 Surface view of a single root of Paro
nychia jamesii at a depth of 2 to
2 5 inches 83
34 Apocynum androscemifolium, showing
rhizomes and dense network of
roots S4
35 Pachylophus ccespitosus 86
36 Eriogonum flavum 87
37 Quadrat-bisect showing root relations
of gravel-slide plants This was
made along the front of quadrat
shown in Plate 23, B: P, Paro
nychia jamesii; A, Aletes acaulis;
K, Krynitzkia virgata J: 90,
38 Solidago oreophila, showing wide-
spreading lateral and deep icen- i
tral roots ^ •: 93
PAGE
39 Besseya plantagineashowing the wide-
spreading root system 94
40 Root system of Geranium ccespitosum 96
41 Root system of Frasera speciosa 97
42 Pirola chlorantha 100
43 Thalictrum fcndleri 101
44 Rhizome and roots of Erigeron asper 102
45 Fragaria virginiana 102
4G Allium cermtum 102
47 Rhizomes and root system of Arabia
nudicaulis 103
4£ Senecio cernuus lor
49 Heuchera parvifolia 107
50 IIaplopappus parryi 107
51 Root systems of ocads of Chamce-
ncrium angustifolium: a, gravel-
slide;b,forestIll
52 Fragments of the roots of Yucca
glauca: a, plains form; b, half-
gravel-slide form 114
53 Allionia linearis from the plains 13
54 Allionia linearis from the sandhills 115
55 Abronia fragrans from the sandhills 110
50 Chrysopsis villosa, showing various
stages of development in the
t plains soil IIS
57 Euphorbia montana from the plains 120
5S Euphorbia montana from the half-
gravel-slide 120
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:17:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
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| physical | VII, 128 S. zahlr. Ill. |
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| publishDate | 1919 |
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| series2 | Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington |
| spelling | Weaver, John Ernest Verfasser aut The ecological relations of roots by John E. Weaver Washington, DC 1919 VII, 128 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington 286 Literaturverz. S. 128 Carnegie Institution Publication 286 (DE-604)BV035415500 286 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024995273&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Weaver, John Ernest The ecological relations of roots |
| title | The ecological relations of roots |
| title_auth | The ecological relations of roots |
| title_exact_search | The ecological relations of roots |
| title_full | The ecological relations of roots by John E. Weaver |
| title_fullStr | The ecological relations of roots by John E. Weaver |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ecological relations of roots by John E. Weaver |
| title_short | The ecological relations of roots |
| title_sort | the ecological relations of roots |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024995273&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035415500 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weaverjohnernest theecologicalrelationsofroots |