Smart Power Grids 2011:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Power Systems
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 674 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3642215777 9783642215773 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Erneuerbare Energien |0 (DE-588)4068598-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |a Aufsatzsammlung |2 gnd-content | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1 SMART POWER GRIDS 1
ALI KEYHANI 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 SOLAR ENERGY 2
1.3 WIND ENERGY 3
1.4 MICROGRID O F RENEWABLE AND GREEN ( M R G ) P O W E R GRIDS 6
1.5 CONTROL OPERATION O F INTERCONNECTED NETWORK BULK P O W E R GRIDS 6
1.6 SMART POWER GRID 10
1.7 CYBER CONTROLLED SMART P O W E R GRIDS 13
1.8 RESEARCH ISSUES 18
REFERENCES 2 0
2 INTEGRATION OF INTERMITTENT RESOURCE IN A REAL TIME SCHEDULING 27 M U
H A M M A D MARWALI 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2 7
2.2 INTERMITTENT RESOURCE INTEGRATION IN SHORT T E R M GENERATION
SCHEDULING 2 8
2.3 SCHEDULING PROBLEM FORMULATION 3 0
2.4 PROPOSED METHOD FOR SCHEDULING 3 3
2.4.1 INITIAL FEASIBLE SOLUTION 3 4
. 2 . 4 . 2 THERMAL UNIT C O M M I T M E N T 35
2.4.3 DYNAMIC ECONOMIC DISPATCH 3 8
2.4.4 BATTERY STORAGE MODEL 3 9
2.5 CASE STUDIES 4 2
LIST O F SYMBOLS 4 6
REFERENCES 4 8
3 LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL IN A MICROGRID: CHALLENGES AND IMPROVEMENTS 49
RITWIK MAJUMDER, A R I N D A M GHOSH, GERARD L E D W I C H 3.1
INTRODUCTION 4 9
3.2 CONVENTIONAL DROOP CONTROL METHOD 5 0
3.3 ANGLE DROOP CONTROL FOR V S C INTERFACED D G S 51
3.3.1 ANGLE DROOP 5 1
3.3.2 ANGLE DROOP CONTROL AND P O W E R SHARING 5 2
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1011530198
IMAGE 2
X
C O N T E N T S
3.3.3 ANGLE DROOP AND FREQUENCY DROOP CONTROLLER 5 2
3.3.4 SIMULATION RESULTS 5 4
3.4 SUPPLEMENTARY CONTROL L O O P FOR IMPROVED P O W E R SHARING AND
SYSTEM STABILITY 5 6
3.4.1 TEST SYSTEM 5 8
3.4.2 SIMULATION STUDIES WITH SUPPLEMENTARY DROOP CONTROLLER 5 9 3.4.2.1
CASE 1: FULL SYSTEM O F FIG. 3.11 WITH LOWER DROOP GAINS 5 9
3.4.2.2 CASE 2: REDUCED SYSTEM WITH L O W E R DROOP GAINS 5 9 3.4.2.3
CASE 3: SYSTEM STABILITY WITH HIGH DROOP GAIN 6 0
3.4.2.4 CASE 4: P O W E R SHARING WITH THE PROPOSED SUPPLEMENTARY
CONTROLLER 6 0
3.5 DROOP CONTROL FOR RURAL AREA WITH HIGH R/X RATIO 6 3
3.5.1 SIMULATION STUDIES 6 5
3.6 T H E IMPROVEMENT IN LOAD SHARING WITH UNBALANCED LOADS AND
APPLICATION O F BACK T O BACK CONVERTERS 6 8
3.6.1 P O W E R QUALITY ENHANCED OPERATION O F A MICROGRID 6 8
3.6.1.1 SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND REFERENCE GENERATION 6 9
3.6.1.2 SIMULATION STUDIES 7 0
3.6.2 APPLICATION O F BACK TO BACK CONVERTERS IN POWER SHARING AND POWER
MANAGEMENT 7 5
3.6.2.1 SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND OPERATION 7 5
3.6.3 BACK-TO-BACK CONVERTER REFERENCE GENERATION 7 6
3.6.3.1 VSC-1 REFERENCE GENERATION 7 6
3.6.3.2 VSC-2 REFERENCE GENERATION IN MODE-1 77
3.6.3.3 VSC-2 REFERENCE GENERATION IN MODE-2 7 7
3.6.4 REFERENCE GENERATION FOR D G SOURCES 7 8
3.6.5 SIMULATION STUDIES 7 8
3.6.5.1 CASE-1: LOAD SHARING O F THE DGS WITH UTILITY 7 9
3.6.5.2 CASE-2: CHANGE IN P O W E R SUPPLY FROM UTILITY 8 0
3.6.5.3 CASE-3: P O W E R SUPPLY FROM MICROGRID TO UTILITY 8 0
3.7 CONCLUSIONS 81
REFERENCES 81
4 FUZZY CONTROL OF MULTILEVEL INVERTERS FOR FUEL CELL GENERATOR SETS 83
CONCETTINA BUCCELLA, CARLO CECATI, ANTONIO PICCOLO, PIERLUIGI SIANO 4.1
INTRODUCTION 8 3
4.2 MATHEMATICAL MODEL O F THE SYSTEM AND ITS FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL 8 5
4.3 SIMULATION RESULTS 9 0
4.3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 9 0
4.3.2 VARIATION O F THE ACTIVE P O W E R REFERENCE 91
4.3.3 VARIATION O F THE ACTIVE P O W E R REQUESTED BY THE L O A D 9 5
4.3.4 SYMMETRICAL VOLTAGE SAG 97
4.3.5 TRANSITION BETWEEN THE P Q CONTROL AND THE P V CONTROL 9 7
4.3.6 TRANSIENT RESPONSE O F THE FUEL CELL SYSTEM 9 8
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
X I
4.4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 9 8
4.4.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 9 8
4.5 CONCLUSION 100
REFERENCES 101
5 CONTROL OF THREE-PHASE INVERTERS IN MICROGRID SYSTEMS 103
SACHIN PURANIK, A L I KEYHANI, A B I R CHATTERJEE 5.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
104
5.2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 105
5.2.1 STATE SPACE MODEL O F THREE-PHASE INVERTER SYSTEM 107
5.3 CONTROL DEVELOPMENT FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER SYSTEM 116
5.3.1 DISCRETE-TIME P I D CONTROL DESIGN FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER 116
5.3.1.1 PID CONTROLLER GAINS TUNING STEPS FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER 119
5.3.2 DISCRETE-TIME ROBUST SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM (RSP) CONTROL AND
DISCRETE-TIME SLIDING M O D E CONTROL DESIGN FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER
120
5.3.2.1 DESIGN STEPS FOR DISCRETE-TIME R S P CONTROL AND DISCRETE-TIME
SLIDING M O D E CONTROL DESIGN FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER 120
5.3.2.2 S T E P 1 - DESIGN O F DISCRETE-TIME SLIDING M O D E CURRENT
CONTROL FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER 121
5.3.2.3 S T E P II - FORMULATION O F THE PLANT FOR DISCRETE-TIME R S P
VOLTAGE CONTROLLER 124
5.3.2.4 S T E P III- DESIGN O F DISCRETE-TIME ROBUST SERVOMECHANISM
PROBLEM (RSP) VOLTAGE CONTROLLER FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER 134
5.3.2.5 NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE O F SOLUTION O F ROBUST
SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM 135
5.3.2.6 INTERNAL MODEL PRINCIPLE 136
5.3.2.7 DESIGN STEPS FOR THE DISCRETE-TIME R S P VOLTAGE CONTROLLER FOR
THREE-PHASE INVERTER 138
5.3.2.8 CURRENT LIMITER FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER 155
5.4 COMPARISON AND TABULATION O F RESULTS FOR THE PROPOSED CONTROL
TECHNIQUES FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER 156
5.5 SIMULATION RESULTS O F THREE-PHASE INVERTER SYSTEM 158
5.6 CONCLUSION 174
REFERENCES 175
6 SIZING HIGH SPEED MICRO GENERATORS FOR SMART GRID SYSTEMS 177 A DEL EL
SHAHAT, A L I KEYHANI 6.1 INTRODUCTION 177
6.2 BASIC SELECTIONS 178
6.2.1 PERMANENT MAGNETS 178
6.2.2 STATOR AND ROTOR MATERIAL 178
IMAGE 4
XII
C O N T E N T S
6.3 MACHINE DESIGN PARAMETERS 179
6.3.1 STATOR MECHANICAL DESIGN 179
6.3.2 ROTOR MECHANICAL DESIGN 179
6.3.3 N U M B E R O F POLES AND MAGNETS POLE DESIGN 180
6.3.4 MAGNETIC DIMENSIONS 181
6.3.5 SLOTS PER POLE, PER PHASE 181
6.3.6 STATOR WINDINGS 182
6.3.7 MACHINE CALCULATED PARAMETERS 182
6.3.8 WINDING RESISTANCES 183
6.3.9 WINDING AND MAGNET FACTORS 185
6.3.10 FLUX AND VOLTAGE 185
6.3.11 MACHINE INDUCTANCES 187
6.3.12 BASIC LOSSES 187
6.4 CLASSICAL SIZING RESULTS 189
6.4.1 MACHINE INITIAL SIZING 189
6.4.2 DETAILED SIZING 190
6.5 UNCONSTRAINED NON-LINEAR OPTIMIZATION 194
6.5.1 TRUST-REGION METHODS 194
6.5.2 FMINSEARCH ALGORITHM 195
6.5.3 TOTAL LOSSES MINIMIZATION SIZING 196
6.6 SIMPLE CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION 199
6.6.1 FMINCON ACTIVE SET ALGORITHM 199
6.6.2 LARGE-SCALE VS. MEDIUM-SCALE ALGORITHMS 2 0 0
6.6.3 TOTAL MASS MINIMIZATION SIZING 201
6.7 GENETIC ALGORITHM H S P M S G SIZING 2 0 5
6.7.1 H O W THE GENETIC ALGORITHM WORKS 2 0 5
6.7.2 DESCRIPTION O F THE NON-LINEAR CONSTRAINT SOLVER 2 0 6
6.8 EFFICIENCY MAXIMIZER GENETIC SIZING 2 0 6
6.9 MIN. MASS GENETIC SIZING, CONSTRAINED BY MIN. LOSSES 2 1 0
6.10 OPTIMUM T O R Q U E PER AMPERE GENETIC SIZING 2 1 1
6.11 COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL MODELS 2 1 4
6.11.1 ROTATIONAL STRESS AND RETAINING SLEEVE 2 1 4
6.11.2 ROTOR LOSSES 2 1 5
6.11.2.1 MODEL FOR T I M E HARMONICS AND WINDING SPACE HARMONICS 2 1 5
6.11.2.2 MODEL FOR STATOR SLOT EFFECTS 2 1 8
6.11.3 COMPARISON RESULTS 2 1 9
6.11.3.1 T H D COMPARISONS 2 1 9
6.11.3.2 PARAMETERS COMPARISONS 2 2 3
6.12 CONCLUSIONS 2 3 0
REFERENCES 231
7 CONTROL OF SINGLE-PHASE DC-AC INVERTERS IN RESIDENTIAL MICROGRID
SYSTEMS 235
SACHIN PURANIK, A L I KEYHANI, A B I R CHATTERJEE 7.1 INTRODUCTION 2 3 5
7.2 MODEL O F A SINGLE-PHASE FULL BRIDGE INVERTER 237
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
X I I I
7.3 CONTROL DEVELOPMENT FOR SINGLE-PHASE INVERTER SYSTEM 2 4 0
7.4 DISCRETE-TIME PID VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CONTROL DESIGN 2 4 0
7.5 DISCRETE-TIME ROBUST SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM (RSP) CONTROL AND
DISCRETE-TIME SLIDING M O D E CONTROL DESIGN 2 4 2
7.5.1 DESIGN STEPS FOR DISCRETE-TIME R S P VOLTAGE CONTROLLER AND
DISCRETE-TIME SLIDING M O D E CURRENT CONTROLLER 2 4 3
7.5.2 STEP 1 - DESIGN O F DISCRETE-TIME SLIDING M O D E CURRENT CONTROL
2 4 3
7.5.3 STEP 2 - FORMULATION O F THE PLANT FOR DISCRETE-TIME R S P VOLTAGE
CONTROLLER 2 4 5
7.5.4 STEP 3- DESIGN O F DISCRETE-TIME ROBUST SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM
(RSP) VOLTAGE CONTROLLER 2 4 8
7.6 NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE O F SOLUTION O F ROBUST
SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM 248
7.7 INTERNAL MODEL PRINCIPLE 2 4 9
7.7.1 DESIGN STEPS FOR R S P VOLTAGE CONTROLLER 2 5 0
7.7.2 STEP (I): SERVOCOMPENSATOR DESIGN 2 5 0
7.7.3 STEP (II): DETERMINATION O F THE AUGMENTED SYSTEM 2 5 2
7.7.4 STEP (III): DESIGN O F STABILIZING COMPENSATOR 2 5 4
7.8 SIMULATION RESULTS 2 5 6
7.8.1 SIMULATION RESULTS WITH DISCRETE-TIME PID VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
CONTROLLERS 2 5 8
7.8.2 SIMULATION RESULTS WITH DISCRETE-TIME R S P VOLTAGE CONTROLLER AND
DISCRETE-TIME SLIDING M O D E CURRENT CONTROLLER 261
7.9 CONCLUSION 2 6 2
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 6 3
REFERENCES 2 6 3
8 INTELLIGENT POWER MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID FUEL CELL/ENERGY STORAGE
DISTRIBUTED GENERATOR 265
A M I N HAJIZADEH, A L I FELIACHI, M A S O U D A L I A K B A R GOLKAR
8.1 INTRODUCTION 2 6 5
8.2 DYNAMIC MODELING O F A HYBRID DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ( H D G )
SYSTEM 2 6 6
8.2.1 FUEL CELL MODEL 2 6 7
8.2.2 BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE MODEL 2 7 1
8.2.3 MODELING O F GRID CONNECTED INVERTER 2 7 2
8.3 INTELLIGENT P O W E R MANAGEMENT 2 7 3
8.3.1 NEURO-FUZZY CONTROL STRATEGY 2 7 6
8.4 CONTROL DESIGN FOR VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER 2 7 8
8.5 SIMULATION RESULTS 2 7 9
8.6 SUMMARY 284
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 2 8 4
REFERENCES 2 8 5
IMAGE 6
X I V
C O N T E N T S
9 ANALYSIS AND MINIMIZATION OF HARMONICS ON THE AC AND DC SIDES OF
PWM INVERTERS 287
PEKIK ,4 RGO DAHONO 9.1 INTRODUCTION 2 8 7
9.1.1 ANALYSIS AND MINIMIZATION O F HARMONICS ON THE A C SIDE CURRENT 2
8 8
9.2 ANALYSIS AND MINIMIZATION O F RIPPLES ON THE D C SIDE CURRENT AND
VOLTAGE 2 9 6
9.3 VALIDITY O F THE DERIVED EXPRESSIONS 3 0 2
REFERENCES 3 0 2
10 WORST CASE VOLTAGE VARIATION ON MICROGRID 305
M.A. MAHMUD, M.J. HOSSAIN, H.R. POTA 10.1 INTRODUCTION 3 0 6
10.2 VOLTAGE VARIATION IN CONVENTIONAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 3 0 8
10.3 VOLTAGE VARIATION ON MICROGRID 3 0 9
10.4 CASE STUDY: VALIDATION O F VOLTAGE VARIATION FORMULA 311
10.5 WORST CASE VOLTAGE VARIATION 313
10.6 MITIGATION O F VOLTAGE VARIATION BASED ON WORST CASE SCENARIO 3 1 5
10.6.1 MITIGATION O F VOLTAGE VARIATION B Y REGULATING PRIMARY D S
VOLTAGE (VS) 3 1 5
10.6.2 MITIGATION O F VOLTAGE VARIATION BY REDUCING LINE RESISTANCE 3 1
6
10.6.3 MITIGATION O F VOLTAGE VARIATION B Y USING REACTIVE P O W E R
CONTROL 3 1 6
10.7 VOLTAGE LEVEL AND CONNECTION COST 3 1 6
10.8 CONCLUSION 3 1 7
REFERENCES 3 1 7
11 IMPACT OF PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON ELECTRICITY DEMAND
PROFILE 319
ZAHRA DARABI, M E H D I FERDOWSI 11.1 INTRODUCTION 3 1 9
11.2 PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES 3 2 3
11.2.1 ARCHITECTURES 3 2 3
11.2.2 BATTERIES 325
11.3 MARKET PENETRATION 3 2 6
11.4 STATISTICAL STUDY O F THE SIDES WHICH FORM THE BASE O F THE P C L P
PRISM .' 3 2 8
11.4.1 VEHICLE DAILY MILEAGE ANALYSIS 3 2 8
11.4.2 VEHICLES ARRIVAL T I M E ANALYSIS 3 3 1
11.4.3 VEHICLES T Y P E ANALYSIS 331
11.5 OTHER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE P C L P PRISM 332
11.5.1 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE AND CHARGING LEVELS 3 3 2
11.5.2 PROPORTIONAL ENERGY NEEDED (PEN) 334
11.5.3 CHARGING SCHEDULE 3 3 5
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS
X V
11.6 DEVELOPING THE P C L P CURVES 3 3 6
11.7 IMPROVING POLICIES AND COORDINATED CHARGING 340
11.7.1 OTHER CHARGING LEVELS 3 4 0
11.7.2 POLICY 1 341
11.7.3 POLICY 2 341
11.8 SMART P H E V AND SMART GRID 3 4 2
11.9 IMPACT ON EMISSION 344
SUMMARY 347
REFERENCES 347
12 MICROGRIDS OPERATION AND CONTROL UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS .351
C.L. MOREIRA, J.A. PEGAS L O P E S 12.1 INTRODUCTION 351
12.1.1 A N OVERVIEW O F M G OPERATION 352
12.2 MICROGRIDS DYNAMIC MODELLING 3 5 4
12.2.1 FUEL CELLS 355
12.2.1.1 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL MODELLING 3 5 6
12.2.2 MICROTURBINES 3 6 1
12.2.2.1 S S M T ACTIVE P O W E R CONTROL 3 6 3
12.2.2.2 S S M T ENGINE 3 6 4
12.2.2.3 PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR 3 6 4 12.2.2.4 P M S G
SIDE CONVERTER 3 6 5
12.2.3 MICRO-WIND TURBINES 3 6 6
12.2.4 PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS 367
12.2.5 POWER ELECTRONIC INTERFACES CONNECTED TO THE GRID 3 6 8
12.2.5.1 P Q INVERTER CONTROL 3 6 9
12.2.5.2 VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER CONTROL 371
12.2.5.3 INVERTER MODELLING DURING SHORT-CIRCUITS 3 7 3
12.3 MICROGRIDS EMERGENCY CONTROL STRATEGIES 374
12.3.1 MICROGRID CONTROL FOR ISLANDING OPERATION 3 7 5
12.3.1.1 SINGLE MASTER OPERATION 3 7 6
12.3.1.2 MULTI MASTER OPERATION 377
12.3.2 EMERGENCY STRATEGIES 377
12.3.2.1 FREQUENCY CONTROL 3 7 8
12.3.3 EXPLOITING L O W VOLTAGE MICROGRIDS FOR SERVICE RESTORATION 381
12.3.3.1 MICROGRID BLACK START 383
12.3.3.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROGRID BLACK START 384
12.3.3.3 SEQUENCE O F ACTIONS FOR MICROGRID BLACK START 3 8 5
12.4 APPLICATION EXAMPLE 3 8 6
12.4.1 MOVING TO ISLANDING OPERATION 3 8 6
12.4.2 MICROGRID BLACK START 391
12.5 FINAL REMARKS 3 9 5
REFERENCES 3 9 7
IMAGE 8
X V I
CONTENTS
13 DECENTRALIZED STATCOM/ESS CONTROL FOR WIND GENERATORS 401
M.J. HOSSAIN, H.R. POTA, M.A. M A H M U D 13.1 INTRODUCTION 4 0 2
13.2 GRID-CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR WIND F A R M CONNECTIONS 4 0 4
13.2.1 FAULT RIDE-THROUGH 4 0 5
13.2.2 F R E Q U E N C Y - P O W E R VARIATIONS 4 0 5
13.2.3 FREQUENCY CONTROL 4 0 5
13.2.4 REACTIVE P O W E R RANGE CAPABILITY 4 0 5
13.2.5 VOLTAGE CONTROL 4 0 5
13.2.6 FAULT RIDE-THROUGH SCHEMES FOR W I N D TURBINES 4 0 6
13.3 P O W E R SYSTEM MODEL 4 0 7
13.3.1 MODELING O F SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS 4 0 8
13.3.2 MODELING O F W I N D GENERATORS 4 0 9
13.2.3 MODELING O F S T A T C O M 4 1 0
13.3.4 MODELING O F SUPERCAPACITOR 4 1 1
13.3.5 CRITICAL CLEARING T I M E (CCT) AND CRITICAL VOLTAGE 4 1 2
13.4 TEST SYSTEM AND CONTROL T A S K 4 1 3
13.5 PROBLEM FORMULATION 4 1 4
13.6 DECENTRALIZED CONTROL DESIGN USING R A N K CONSTRAINED L M L S 4 1
8 13.7 CONTROL DESIGN ALGORITHM 4 1 9
13.8 CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 4 2 1
13.8.1 ENHANCEMENT O F VOLTAGE AND TRANSIENT STABILITY MARGINS .421
13.8.2 REAL AND REACTIVE P O W E R OUTPUT DURING L O W VOLTAGES 4 2 2
13.8.3 COMPARISONS WITH STANDARD L V R T REQUIREMENTS 4 2 2
13.8.4 PERFORMANCE UNDER DIFFERENT OPERATING CONDITIONS 4 2 3
13.8.5 IMPACT O F ADDING SUPERCAPACITORS 4 2 3
13.9 CONCLUSIONS 4 2 3
APPENDIX-1 4 2 3
APPENDIX- II 4 2 5
APPENDIX-III 4 3 2
REFERENCES 4 3 6
14 STATE ESTIMATION IN SMART POWER GRIDS 439
A L I AREFI, MAHMOOD-REZA H A G H I F A M 14.1 INTRODUCTION 4 3 9
14.2 T H E ROLE O F STATE ESTIMATION IN SMART P O W E R GRIDS 4 4 1
14.3 OBSERVABILITY ANALYSIS 4 4 5
14.3.1 BACKGROUND 4 4 5
14.3.2 T H E EFFECT O F BRANCH IMPEDANCE VALUES O N OBSERVABILITY 4 4 6
14.3.2.1 EXAMPLE 1.1: IEEE-14 BUS TEST NETWORK 4 4 9
14.3.2.1 EXAMPLE 1.2: SIX-BUS N E T W O R K 4 5 3
14.3.3 RADIAL SYSTEM OBSERVABILITY ANALYSIS 4 5 6
14.3.3.1 EXAMPLE 1.3: 17-BUS RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 4 5 8
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS X V I I
14.4 DISTRIBUTION STATE ESTIMATION (DSE) 4 5 8
14.4.1 CONVENTIONAL WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARE ( W L S ) 4 6 0
14.4.2 L O A D CORRELATION IN A DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 4 6 1
14.4.2.1 L O A D CORRELATION 4 6 1
14.4.2.2 T H E EFFECT O F LOAD CORRELATIONS ON D S E 4 6 3
14.4.2.3 E X A M P L E L . 3 : 6-BUS RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FEEDER 4 6 3
14.5 DISTRIBUTION HARMONIC STATE ESTIMATION (DHSE) 4 7 0
14.6 M E T E R PLACEMENT 471
REFERENCES 471
15 MODELING, CONTROL AND SIMULATION OF CASCADED 3-5-9 HYBRID INVERTER
TOPOLOGY FOR GRID INTERFACE APPLICATION 479
T. WANJEKECHE, DAN V. NICOLAE, A D I S A A. J I M O H 15.1 INTRODUCTION
4 8 0
15.2 M A I N SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 481
15.3 PRINCIPLE O F OPERATION 4 8 2
15.3.1 PHASE SHIFTED P W M CONTROL TECHNIQUE 4 8 2
15.3.1.1 THEORETICAL ANALYSIS O F THE PROPOSED P W M CONTROL STRATEGY 4
8 5
15.3.2 DEVELOPMENT O F THE SWITCHING CONTROL L A W FOR THE 3-5-9 HYBRID
TOPOLOGY MODEL 4 8 8
15.4 MODELING AND ANALYSIS THE CASCADED HYBRID MODEL 4 8 9
15.4.1 AVERAGE MODEL IN A B C CO-ORDINATES 4 8 9
15.4.2 DEVELOPMENT O F AVERAGE MODEL IN DQO CO-ORDINATES 4 9 4 15.4.3
SMALL SIGNAL ANALYSIS 4 9 7
15.5 CONVERTER CONTROL 4 9 8
15.5.1 FEEDBACK CONTROL 4 9 8
15.5.2 BALANCING O F THE D C CAPACITOR VOLTAGE 4 9 8
15.6 SIMULATION ANALYSIS O F A CASCADED 3-5-9 HYBRID INVERTER TOPOLOGY
BASED GRID CONNECTED SYSTEM 5 0 0
15.6.1 SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 5 0 2
15.6.1.1 MODEL RESPONSE TO STEP C H A N G E IN LOAD 507
15.7 CONCLUSION 5 1 2
REFERENCES 5 1 3
16 INTELLIGENT MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FOR SMART GRID POWER MANAGEMENT.515
A L I FELIACHI, RABIE BELKACEMI 16.1 INTRODUCTION 5 1 5
16.2 A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM 5 1 6
16.3 IMMUNE BASED MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM 5 1 9
16.4 APPLICATION TO P O W E R DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 5 2 5
16.4.1 SHIPBOARD P O W E R DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 5 2 5
16.4.2 ANALOG P O W E R DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SIMULATOR 5 3 5
16.5 CONCLUSION 5 4 1
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 5 4 1
REFERENCES 5 4 2
IMAGE 10
XVIII CONTENTS
17 GRID-FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CONTROL METHOD FOR A WIND TURBINE
INVERTER 543
A N A VLADAN STANKOVIC, DEJAN SCHREIBER, XIANGPENG ZHENG 17.1
INTRODUCTION 5 4 3
17.2 RECENT STUDIES ON GRID-FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CONTROL METHODS FOR WIND
TURBINE INVERTER 544
17.3 GRID-SIDE CONVERTERS UNDER UNBALANCED OPERATING CONDITIONS 5 4 9
17.3.1 ANALYSIS O F THE GRID-SIDE CONVERTER UNDER UNBALANCED OPERATING
CONDITIONS 5 5 0
17.4 GRID-FAULT RIDE-THROUGH GENERALIZED CONTROL METHOD FOR A W I N D
TURBINE INVERTER 5 5 2
17.4.1 THEORETICAL APPROACH .553
17.4.1.1 DERIVATION 5 5 3
17.4.1.2 CRITICAL EVALUATION 5 5 6
17.4.2 GENERALIZED METHOD FOR GRID-FAULT RIDE THROUGH CONTROL FOR A W I
N D TURBINE INVERTER 5 5 7
17.5 EXAMPLE 5 5 8
17.6 CONCLUSION 561
REFERENCES 561
18 SYNCHRONIZED PHASOR MEASUREMENT IN SMART GRID SITUATIONAL AWARENES
565
YONG JIA, R. M A T T H E W GARDNER, TAO XIA, YILU LIU 18.1 INTRODUCTION
565
18.2 EVENT DETECTION AND LOCATION 5 6 6
18.2.1 EVENT TRIGGER AND SIZE ESTIMATION 5 6 7
18.2.2 EVENT LOCATION 5 7 0
18.3 INTER-AREA OSCILLATION ANALYSIS 5 7 6
18.3.1 OSCILLATION DETECTION 5 7 6
18.3.2 OSCILLATION M O D E ANALYSIS 5 7 9
18.4 WIDE-AREA FREQUENCY AND ANGLE VISUALIZATION 5 8 2
18.4.1 WIDE-AREA FREQUENCY VISUALIZATION 5 8 3
18.4.2 WIDE-AREA ANGLE VISUALIZATION 5 8 6
18.5 SUMMARY 5 8 9
REFERENCES 5 8 9
19 SYNTHESIS OF DROOP-BASED DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS IN A MICRO GRID
SYSTEM 593
MAHESH S. ILLINDALA 19.1 INTRODUCTION 594
19.2 DROOP-BASED GENERATION CONTROL IN A DISTRIBUTED GENERATOR 5 9 5
19.3 MICRO GRID SYSTEM WITH SERIES CONNECTION O F DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS
5 9 8
19.3.1 SMALL-SIGNAL DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR 5 9 8
19.3.2 DESIGN GUIDELINES 6 0 4
IMAGE 11
CONTENTS X I X
19.4 MICRO GRID SYSTEM WITH PARALLEL CONNECTION O F DISTRIBUTED
GENERATORS 6 0 6
19.4.1 SMALL-SIGNAL DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR 6 0 6
19.4.2 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 617
19.5 EFFECT O F VARIATION IN TIE-LINE R/X RATIO ON THE D Y N A M I C
BEHAVIOR O F MICRO GRID SYSTEM 6 1 9
19.5.1 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 6 2 2
19.6 SUMMARY 6 2 2
REFERENCES 6 2 3
20 MODELING AND CONTROL OF FUEL CELLS AS DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS IN SMART
GRIDS 625
KOUROSH SEDGHISIGARCHI, A L I FELIACHI 20.1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 5
20.2 S O F C AND P E M DYNAMIC MODELS 6 2 6
20.2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY 6 2 6
20.2.2 P E M AND S O F C PRINCIPLES 6 2 7
20.2.2.1 PEM: PROTON EXCHANGE M E M B R A N E FUEL CELLS 627 20.2.2.2
SOFC: SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 6 2 8
20.2.3 S O F C DYNAMIC MODELING 6 2 9
20.2.3.1 C O M P O N E N T MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATIONS 6 2 9
20.2.3.2 ENERGY BALANCE EQUATIONS (THERMAL MODEL) 631 20.2.3.3 NERNST'S
VOLTAGE EQUATIONS 6 3 2
20.2.3.4 DEVELOPED S O F C DYNAMIC MODEL 6 3 3
20.2.4 COMPARISON O F S O F C AND P E M DYNAMIC MODELS 6 3 6
20.2.5 SIMULATION RESULTS FOR A STANDALONE S O F C 6 3 7
20.3 POWER FLOW CONTROL STRATEGIES 6 3 9
20.3.1 LITERATURE SURVEY 6 3 9
20.3.2 ACTIVE AND REACTIVE P O W E R FLOW CONTROL 6 4 0
20.3.2.1 FUEL CELL CONTROL (PRIMARY CONTROL LOOP) 6 4 1
20.3.2.2 STANDALONE M O D E O F OPERATION (SECONDARY CONTROL LOOP) 6 4 2
20.3.2.3 GRID-CONNECTED M O D E O F OPERATION (SECONDARY CONTROL LOOP) 6
4 3
20.3.3 SIMULATION RESULTS 6 4 6
20.3.3.1 SINGLE PHASE CONNECTION 6 4 6
20.3.3.2 THREE PHASE CONNECTION 6 4 7
20.4 CONCLUSION 6 5 0
REFERENCES 651
21 PREDICTIVE SMART GRID CONTROL WITH EXACT AGGREGATED POWER CONSTRAINTS
655
KLAUS TRANGBAEK, METTE PEDERSEN, J A N BENDTSEN, J A K O B STOUSTRUP
21.1 INTRODUCTION 6 5 5
21.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 6 5 8
21.3 INTELLIGENT CONSUMERS 6 5 9
IMAGE 12
X X C O N T E N T S
21.4 MINKOWSKI ADDITION O F RESOURCE POLYTOPES 6 6 0
21.5 DISTRIBUTION 6 6 4
21.5.1 MID-RANGING 6 6 6
21.6 SIMULATION EXAMPLE 6 6 6
21.6.1 PROBLEM FORMULATION 6 6 7
21.6.2 SIMULATION DATA AND PARAMETERS 6 6 8
21.6.3 T H E CAUTIOUS METHOD 6 6 9
21.6.4 SIMULATION RESULTS 6 6 9
21.6.5 PARAMETER DEPENDENCY 6 6 9
21.6.6 COMPUTATIONAL BURDEN 6 7 2
21.6.7 COMMUNICATION L O A D 6 7 3
21.7 DISCUSSION 6 7 3
REFERENCES 6 7 4
AUTHOR INDEX 675 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)140359362 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040138091 |
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| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.31 |
| dewey-search | 621.31 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.31 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV040138091 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-21T00:32:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3642215777 9783642215773 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024995101 |
| oclc_num | 725282096 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-83 |
| physical | XX, 674 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Power Systems |
| spelling | Smart Power Grids 2011 Ali Keyhani, ... Eds. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2012 XX, 674 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Power Systems Dezentrale Elektrizitätserzeugung (DE-588)7656449-6 gnd rswk-swf Elektrische Maschine (DE-588)4014308-9 gnd rswk-swf Leistungselektronik (DE-588)4035235-3 gnd rswk-swf Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 s Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 s Dezentrale Elektrizitätserzeugung (DE-588)7656449-6 s Elektrische Maschine (DE-588)4014308-9 s Leistungselektronik (DE-588)4035235-3 s DE-604 Keyhani, Ali 1942- Sonstige (DE-588)140359362 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-642-21578-0 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3766147&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024995101&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Smart Power Grids 2011 Dezentrale Elektrizitätserzeugung (DE-588)7656449-6 gnd Elektrische Maschine (DE-588)4014308-9 gnd Leistungselektronik (DE-588)4035235-3 gnd Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7656449-6 (DE-588)4014308-9 (DE-588)4035235-3 (DE-588)7708028-2 (DE-588)4068598-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Smart Power Grids 2011 |
| title_auth | Smart Power Grids 2011 |
| title_exact_search | Smart Power Grids 2011 |
| title_full | Smart Power Grids 2011 Ali Keyhani, ... Eds. |
| title_fullStr | Smart Power Grids 2011 Ali Keyhani, ... Eds. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smart Power Grids 2011 Ali Keyhani, ... Eds. |
| title_short | Smart Power Grids 2011 |
| title_sort | smart power grids 2011 |
| topic | Dezentrale Elektrizitätserzeugung (DE-588)7656449-6 gnd Elektrische Maschine (DE-588)4014308-9 gnd Leistungselektronik (DE-588)4035235-3 gnd Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Dezentrale Elektrizitätserzeugung Elektrische Maschine Leistungselektronik Intelligentes Stromnetz Erneuerbare Energien Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3766147&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024995101&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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