Consultative hematology:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, PA
Saunders
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Hematology, oncology clinics of North America
26,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV S., S. 205 - 445 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781455738755 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149098645815296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Consultative
Hematology
Contents
Preface
xiii
Fred Schiffman and Anthony Mega
Why is My Patient Anemic?
205
Locke J. Bryan and Neil A. Zakai
Anemia is a decreased number of circulating red blood cells and is a com¬
mon medical condition faced in clinical practice. Anemia is caused by
loss of red blood cells, destruction of red blood cells, decreased produc¬
tion of red blood cells, or a combination of these processes. Through
a clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation the pro¬
vider must identify the process by which the patient is anemic. Often the
cause of anemia is straightforward; however, the cause can be challeng¬
ing, requiring a thorough knowledge of both
hematology
and general
medicine.
Why Does My Patient Have Thrombocytopenia?
231
Ellice Y. Wong and
Michal
G.
Rose
Thrombocytopenia, usually defined as a platelet count of less than
150,00Ό/μΙ-,
is a common reason for
a hematology
consult in both the
inpatient and outpatient setting. In most patients, the cause of the throm¬
bocytopenia can be identified and treated. This article reviews the clinical
approach to the patient with thrombocytopenia, the mechanisms that
underlie it, and the laboratory tests available to investigate it. A practical
approach to the investigation and management of thrombocytopenia in
the clinical settings commonly encountered by the
hematology
consultant
is then described.
Why is My Patient Neutropenic?
253
John L. Reagan and Jorge J. Castillo
Neutropenia is a common reason for
hematology
consultations in the inpa¬
tient and outpatient settings and is defined as an absolute neutrophil count
less than
1500
cellsfyL. Neutropenia varies in severity, with more profound
neutropenia being associated with higher rates of infections and infection-
related deaths. The causes for neutropenia are diverse and include con¬
genital and acquired conditions (ie, autoimmune, drugs, infection, and
malignancy). This article outlines the most common causes of neutropenia
and discusses differential diagnoses, treatment modalities, and the mech¬
anisms by which neutropenia occurs.
Why Does My Patient Have Erythrocytosis?
267
Marina Kremyanskaya, John Mascarenhas, and Ronald Hoffman
Primary polycythemias are the result of intrinsic abnormalities of the hema-
topoietic progenitors that lead to constitutive overproduction of red ceils
Contents
accompanied
by low erythropoietin
(ЕРО)
levels. Secondary polycythemias
are caused by conditions resulting in increased
ЕРО
production. Polycythe-
mia
vera
(PV) is a primary polycythemia, and is a chronic
donai
progressive
myeloproliferative neoplasm. A single recurrent point mutation in the pseu-
dokinase domain of JAK2 molecule (JAK2V617F) is present in >95% of
patients with PV. The goal of therapy in PV is to normalize blood counts to
minimize the risk of thrombotic events.
Why Does My Patient Have Thrombocytosis?
285
Nanna
H. Sulai
and
Aya
lew Tefferi
Thrombocytosis is a common clinical problem frequently encountered
during routine evaluation. The diagnostic workup entails a step-by-
step approach, which allows for an accurate assessment of the under¬
lying cause. A thorough clinical history and physical examination may
help differentiate thrombocytosis secondary to a reactive process versus
an underlying
donai
proliferation process. Once essential thrombocyto¬
sis is evident, relevant laboratory evaluation for an ongoing myeloprolif¬
erative disorder is paramount. Various treatment modalities have been
proven to be beneficial. With further scientific investigation underway,
molecular therapies may soon be cornerstones of therapy in essential
thrombocytosis.
Why Does My Patient Have Leukocytosis?
303
Jan Cerny and Alan G.
Rosmarin
Leukocytosis is one of the most common laboratory abnormalities in med¬
icine, and one of the most frequent reasons for
hematologie
consultation.
Effective evaluation of leukocytosis requires an attentive history, careful
physical examination, meticulous review of the complete blood count
and peripheral blood smear, judicious application of laboratory and radio-
logic testing, and thoughtful analysis. Definitive diagnosis may require
bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, imaging studies, and specialized mo¬
lecular tests. The differential diagnosis of leukocytosis includes physio¬
logic responses to a broad range of infectious and inflammatory
processes, as well as numerous primary
hematologie
disorders such as
leukémiás, lymphomas,
and myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Why Is My Patient Bleeding Or Bruising?
321
Natalia
Rydz
and Paula D. James
The evaluation of a patient presenting with bleeding symptoms is challeng¬
ing. Bleeding symptoms are frequently reported by a normal population,
and overlap significantly with bleeding disorders, such as type
1 Von
Willebrand
disease. The history is subjective; bleeding assessment tools
significantly facilitate an accurate quantification of bleeding severity. The
differential diagnosis is broad, ranging from defects in primary hemostasis,
coagulation deficiencies, to connective tissue disorders. Finally, despite
significant clinical evidence of abnormal bleeding, many patients will
have not an identifiable disorder. Clinical management of bleeding disor¬
ders is highly individualized and focuses on the particular symptoms expe¬
rienced by the patient.
Contents
¡χ
Venous Thromboembolism Overview
345
Elisabeth M. Battinelli, Devon L. Murphy, and Jean M. Connors
This article gives a general overview of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and initial management of
VTE are briefly reviewed. More difficult management problems are re¬
viewed in greater depth, including duration of
anticoagulation,
treat¬
ment of superficial venous thrombosis, and controversies surrounding
bridging therapy, with a brief review of currently available new oral
anticoagulants.
Does My Patient Have a Life- or Limb-Threatening Thrombocytopenia?
369
Nathan T. Conned and Joseph D. Sweeney
The diagnosis and management of severe thrombocytopenias can be dif¬
ficult, but is necessary to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. The
causes of severe thrombocytopenias, often with a platelet count of less
than
10x1
09/L, include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, the throm-
botic microangiopathies, the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome,
preeclampsia/HELLP, and
posttransfusion purpura.
This review provides
a brief overview of the key clinical features of each of these major clinical
entities, and strategies for their diagnostic workup and therapeutic
management.
Does My Patient with a Serum Monoclonal Spike have Multiple Myeloma?
383
Giada Bianchi
and Irene M. Ghobrial
A monoclonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis is a frequent finding
in the general population and pathognomonic of a plasma cell dyscrasia. In
otherwise healthy individuals, it is diagnostic of two asymptomatic, prema-
lignant conditions called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signif¬
icance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) which carry
a lifelong risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM) or related malig¬
nancy. This article discusses the criteria for diagnosis of MGUS, SMM,
and MM; current recommendations for follow-up and risk factors for pro¬
gression to MM of patients with MGUS and SMM; and diagnostic evalua¬
tion of suspected MM transformation.
Why Does My Patient Have Lymphadenopathy or Splenomegaly?
395
Gabriela
Motyckova and David P. Steensma
Lymph node or spleen enlargement may be innocent or the first sign of
a serious disorder. Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly can be found
in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. Lymph node enlargement in
a single region or multiple sites can be seen in various diseases, including
infections, noninfectious inflammatory conditions, or malignancies; a simi¬
lar differential diagnosis applies to splenomegaly, but splenomegaly can
also be caused by vascular abnormalities and hemolysis. Frequently,
lymphadenopathy is detected incidentally during screening examinations
or imaging procedures. This review focuses on causes of lymphadenopa¬
thy and splenomegaly and an appropriate diagnostic approach to patients
with lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly.
Contents
Special
Hematologie
Issues
in
the Pregnant Patient
409
Tina Rizack and Karen Rosene-Montella
Evaluation and treatment of
hematologie
disorders in pregnancy requires
an understanding of normal physiologic changes during pregnancy.
He¬
matologie
disorders may be caused by preexisting conditions, normal
physiologic changes, or can be acquired. A multidisciplinary approach is
often necessary for monitoring and treatment of both the mother and the
fetus. In general, outcomes are good for both the mother and the fetus.
Index
433
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2012 |
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| series | Hematology, oncology clinics of North America |
| series2 | Hematology, oncology clinics of North America |
| spelling | Consultative hematology guest ed. Fred Schiffman ... Philadelphia, PA Saunders 2012 XIV S., S. 205 - 445 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hematology, oncology clinics of North America 26,2 Pathologie (DE-588)4044893-9 gnd rswk-swf Blutkrankheit (DE-588)4007281-2 gnd rswk-swf Blutkrankheit (DE-588)4007281-2 s Pathologie (DE-588)4044893-9 s DE-604 Schiffman, Fred J. ca. 20./21. Jh. Sonstige (DE-588)17322606X oth Hematology, oncology clinics of North America 26,2 (DE-604)BV000625446 26,2 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024990160&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Consultative hematology Hematology, oncology clinics of North America Pathologie (DE-588)4044893-9 gnd Blutkrankheit (DE-588)4007281-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044893-9 (DE-588)4007281-2 |
| title | Consultative hematology |
| title_auth | Consultative hematology |
| title_exact_search | Consultative hematology |
| title_full | Consultative hematology guest ed. Fred Schiffman ... |
| title_fullStr | Consultative hematology guest ed. Fred Schiffman ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Consultative hematology guest ed. Fred Schiffman ... |
| title_short | Consultative hematology |
| title_sort | consultative hematology |
| topic | Pathologie (DE-588)4044893-9 gnd Blutkrankheit (DE-588)4007281-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pathologie Blutkrankheit |
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