Thyroid disorders and diseases:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Saunders
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Medical clinics of North America
96,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index Preface: thyroid disorders and diseases -- Thyroid physiology -- Thyrotoxicosis -- Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management -- Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis -- Thyroid disorders during pregnancy -- Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system -- The effect of thyroid disorders on lipid levels and metabolism -- The effect of medications on thyroid function tests -- Approach to and treatment of thyroid disorders in the elderly -- The evaluation and treatment of Graves Ophthalmopathy -- Thyroid nodules -- Approach to and treatment of goiters -- Approach to and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma -- Thyroid emergencies |
| Beschreibung: | XIV S., S. 165 - 420 Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781455738915 1455738913 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Thyroid disorders and diseases |c guest ed. Kenneth D. Burman |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Medical clinics of North America |v 96,2 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 500 | |a Preface: thyroid disorders and diseases -- Thyroid physiology -- Thyrotoxicosis -- Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management -- Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis -- Thyroid disorders during pregnancy -- Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system -- The effect of thyroid disorders on lipid levels and metabolism -- The effect of medications on thyroid function tests -- Approach to and treatment of thyroid disorders in the elderly -- The evaluation and treatment of Graves Ophthalmopathy -- Thyroid nodules -- Approach to and treatment of goiters -- Approach to and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma -- Thyroid emergencies | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Thyroid gland / Diseases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thyroid gland diseases in pregnancy / Treatment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thyroid eye disease / Treatment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Goiter / Treatment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thyroid gland / Cancer / Treatment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thyrotoxicosis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hypothyroidism | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thyroiditis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Graves Ophthalmopathy | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Thyroid disorders and diseases
Autor: Burman, Kenneth D
Jahr: 2012
Thyroid Disorders and Diseases
Contents
Preface: Thyroid Disorders and Diseases xiii
Kenneth D. Burman
Thyroid Physiology 165
Nikolaos Stathatos
The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone, which has clinically im-
portant actions practically in every system in the human body. Detailed
knowledge of the physiology of the thyroid gland is critical for the proper
management of thyroid disorders. The molecular biology of thyroid func-
tion is being studied in great detail. Clinically important molecules, such
as the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and the sodium/iodide sym-
porter, have been identified and well characterized. Such discoveries
have significantly improved our understanding of thyroid physiology.
As a result, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the manage-
ment of thyroid disorders are now available or in development.
Thyrotoxicosis 175
Stuart C. Seigel and Steven P. Hodak
Hyperthyroidism describes the sustained increase in thyroid hormone bio-
synthesis and secretion by a thyroid gland with increased metabolism.
Although the use of radioiodine scanning serves as a useful surrogate
that may help characterize the cause of thyrotoxicosis, it only indirectly
addresses the underlying physiologic mechanism driving the increase in
serum thyroid hormones. In this article, thyrotoxic states are divided into
increased or decreased thyroid metabolic function. In addition to the diag-
nosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of the various causes of hyper-
thyroidism, a section on functional imaging and appropriate laboratory
testing is included.
Hypothyroidism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management 203
Jaime P. Almandoz and Hossein Gharib
Hypothyroidism is the result of inadequate production of thyroid hormone
or inadequate action of thyroid hormone in target tissues. Primary hypo-
thyroidism is the principal manifestation of hypothyroidism, but other
causes include central deficiency of thyrotropin-releasing hormone or
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or consumptive hypothyroidism from
excessive inactivation of thyroid hormone. Subclinical hypothyroidism is
present when there is elevated TSH but a normal free thyroxine level.
Treatment involves oral administration of exogenous synthetic thyroid hor-
mone. This review presents an update on the etiology and types of hypo-
thyroidism, including subclinical disease; drugs and thyroid function; and
diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism.
Subacute, Silent, and Postpartum Thyroiditis 223
Mary H. Samuels
Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis are temporary forms of
thyroid dysfunction caused by thyroid gland inflammation. They classically
Contents
present with a triphasic course: a brief period of thyrotoxicosis due to re-
lease of preformed thyroid hormone that lasts for 1 to 3 months, followed
by a more prolonged hypothyroid phase lasting up to 6 months, and even-
tual return to a euthyroid state. However, the types and degree of thyroid
dysfunction are variable in these disorders, and individual patients may
present with mild or more severe cases of thyrotoxicosis alone, hypothy-
roidism alone, or both types of thyroid dysfunction.
Thyroid Disorders During Pregnancy 235
Cynthia F. Yazbeck and Shannon D. Sullivan
Thyroid disorders are common in women during pregnancy. If left
untreated, both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with
adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal outcomes. It is important to cor-
rectly identify these disorders and treat them appropriately to prevent
pregnancy-related complications. Levothyroxine is the indicated treat-
ment for hypothyroidism, and thionamides are the treatment of choice
for hyperthyroidism; thyroidectomy may be indicated in select cases.
When thyroid cancer is diagnosed during pregnancy, a decision must be
made regarding performing thyroidectomy during the pregnancy or post-
poning surgical resection until the postpartum period. Radioactive iodine
is absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
Thyroid Hormone and the Cardiovascular System 257
Sara Danzi and Irwin Klein
Thyroid hormone has profound effects on the heart and cardiovascular
system. This article describes the cellular mechanisms by which thyroid
hormone acts at the level of the cardiac myocyte and the vascular smooth
muscle cell to alter phenotype and physiology. Because it is well estab-
lished that thyroid hormone, specifically T3, acts on almost every cell
and organ in the body, studies on the regulation of thyroid hormone trans-
port into cardiac and vascular tissue have added clinical significance. The
characteristic changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics and metabolism
that accompany thyroid disease states can then be best understood at
the cellular level.
The Effect of Thyroid Disorders on Lipid Levels and Metabolism 269
Leonidas H. Duntas and Gabriela Brenta
Thyroid hormones regulate cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, whereas
thyroid disorders, including overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, consider-
ably alter lipid profile and promote cardiovascular disease. Good evidence
shows that high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is associated with a non-
favorable lipid profile, although TSH has no cutoff threshold for its associa-
tion with lipids. Thyromimetics represent a new class of hypolipidemic drugs:
their imminent application in patients with severe dyslipidemias, combined
or not with statins, will improve the lipid profile, potentially accelerate energy
expenditure and, as a consequence, vitally lessen the risk of cardiovascular
disease.
Contents
The Effect of Medications on Thyroid Function Tests 283
Priya Kundra and Kenneth D. Burman
Drug-induced thyroid disorders are common in clinical practice. It is im-
portant to recognize the various drugs contributing to thyroid dysfunction
for a timely intervention to help achieve a euthyroid state. The pathways
of thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, metabolism, and
absorption offer numerous targets for medication interactions. This article
discusses some of the medications that may influence thyroid function
tests.
Approach to and Treatment of Thyroid Disorders in the Elderly 297
Maria Papaleontiou and Megan R. Haymart
Thyroid gland dysfunction is prevalent in older adults and may be associ-
ated with significant morbidity if misdiagnosed and left untreated. Because
of a decreased number of symptoms at presentation, an increased sus-
ceptibility to adverse events if not treated, and a greater likelihood of
harm from treatment, the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders
in older adults can be challenging. This review focuses on the epidemiol-
ogy, clinical presentation, risks and complications, and management of
thyroid disorders in older adults, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroid-
ism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.
The Evaluation and Treatment of Graves Ophthalmopathy 311
Marius N. Stan, James A. Garrity, and Rebecca S. Bahn
Optimum care of the patient with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) is achieved
through teamwork between the endocrinologist and ophthalmologist, with
input from ancillary specialists as needed. Clinical evaluation should in-
clude determination of both the severity and the activity of the disease.
It is important to assess early in the evaluation the impact of the disease
on the patient s quality of life and their priorities and expectations regard-
ing management. Once this information has been gathered, careful discus-
sion between patient and physicians can define the management plan.
This article reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, evaluation, and
management of GO.
Thyroid Nodules 329
Geanina Popoveniuc and Jacqueline Jonklaas
Thyroid nodules are common entities, clinically important primarily
because of their malignant potential. Serum thyrotropin and thyroid ultra-
sonography are pivotal in evaluating thyroid nodules. Fine-needle aspira-
tion biopsy is the most accurate tool for diagnosing malignancy and
selecting candidates for surgery. An approach to the initial evaluation
and management of single nodules, functioning nodules, multinodular
glands, incidental nodules, and cysts is discussed, as are therapeutic
interventions for benign nodules. Thyroid cancer discovered during preg-
nancy is also discussed.
Contents
Approach to and Treatment of Goiters 351
Geraldo Medeiros-Neto, Rosalinda Y. Camargo, and Eduardo K. Tomimori
The main causes of simple diffuse goiter (SDG) and multinodular goiter
(MNG) are iodine deficiency, increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH) level, natural goitrogens, smoking, chronic malnutrition, and lack of se-
lenium, iron, and zinc. Increasing evidence suggests that heredity is equally
important. Treatment of SDG and MNG still focuses on /.-thyroxine-suppres-
sive therapy surgery. Radioiodine alone or preceded by recombinant human
TSH stimulation is widely used in Europe and other countries. Each of these
therapeutic options has advantages and disadvantages, with acute and
long-term side effects.
Approach to and Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma 369
Furio Pacini and Maria Grazia Castagna
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, although rep-
resenting fewer than 1 % of all human tumors. Differentiated thyroid carci-
noma (DTC) includes the papillary and follicular histotypes and their
variants, accounting for more than 90% of all thyroid cancers. Given the
changing presentation of DTC in the last years, the aim of DTC manage-
ment is to ensure the most effective but least invasive treatment, and
adequate follow-up for a disease that nowadays is mostly cured just
with surgery and is rarely fatal. This review addresses the multiple steps
of current management, based on previous assumptions.
Thyroid Emergencies 385
Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska and Leonard Wartofsky
This review presents current knowledge about the thyroid emergencies
known as myxedema coma and thyrotoxic storm. Understanding the path-
ogenesis of these conditions, appropriate recognition of the clinical signs
and symptoms, and their prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment
are crucial in optimizing survival.
Index 405
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| spelling | Burman, Kenneth D. Verfasser (DE-588)1054314136 aut Thyroid disorders and diseases guest ed. Kenneth D. Burman Philadelphia, Pa. Saunders 2012 XIV S., S. 165 - 420 Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Medical clinics of North America 96,2 Includes bibliographical references and index Preface: thyroid disorders and diseases -- Thyroid physiology -- Thyrotoxicosis -- Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management -- Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis -- Thyroid disorders during pregnancy -- Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system -- The effect of thyroid disorders on lipid levels and metabolism -- The effect of medications on thyroid function tests -- Approach to and treatment of thyroid disorders in the elderly -- The evaluation and treatment of Graves Ophthalmopathy -- Thyroid nodules -- Approach to and treatment of goiters -- Approach to and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma -- Thyroid emergencies Thyroid gland / Diseases Thyroid gland diseases in pregnancy / Treatment Thyroid eye disease / Treatment Goiter / Treatment Thyroid gland / Cancer / Treatment Thyrotoxicosis Hypothyroidism Thyroiditis Graves Ophthalmopathy Medical clinics of North America 96,2 (DE-604)BV000003310 96,2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024989867&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Burman, Kenneth D. Thyroid disorders and diseases Medical clinics of North America Thyroid gland / Diseases Thyroid gland diseases in pregnancy / Treatment Thyroid eye disease / Treatment Goiter / Treatment Thyroid gland / Cancer / Treatment Thyrotoxicosis Hypothyroidism Thyroiditis Graves Ophthalmopathy |
| title | Thyroid disorders and diseases |
| title_auth | Thyroid disorders and diseases |
| title_exact_search | Thyroid disorders and diseases |
| title_full | Thyroid disorders and diseases guest ed. Kenneth D. Burman |
| title_fullStr | Thyroid disorders and diseases guest ed. Kenneth D. Burman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thyroid disorders and diseases guest ed. Kenneth D. Burman |
| title_short | Thyroid disorders and diseases |
| title_sort | thyroid disorders and diseases |
| topic | Thyroid gland / Diseases Thyroid gland diseases in pregnancy / Treatment Thyroid eye disease / Treatment Goiter / Treatment Thyroid gland / Cancer / Treatment Thyrotoxicosis Hypothyroidism Thyroiditis Graves Ophthalmopathy |
| topic_facet | Thyroid gland / Diseases Thyroid gland diseases in pregnancy / Treatment Thyroid eye disease / Treatment Goiter / Treatment Thyroid gland / Cancer / Treatment Thyrotoxicosis Hypothyroidism Thyroiditis Graves Ophthalmopathy |
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