The role of plant roots in crop production:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | German |
| Published: |
Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
CRC Press
2013
|
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 451 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781439867372 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The role of plant roots in crop production |c Nand Kumar Fageria |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 451 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024988049 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804149095595507712 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The role of plant roots in crop production
Autor: Fageria, N. K
Jahr: 2013
Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................xiii
Author......................................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Types of Plant Roots, Their Measurements, and Associations
with Yield.............................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction...............................................................................1
1.2 Roots of Cereals, Legumes, and Grasses..................................3
1.3 Root-to-Shoot Ratio...................................................................8
1.4 Contribution of Root, Shoot, and Grain in the Total Plant
Weight......................................................................................14
1.5 Root Length.............................................................................20
1.6 Specific Root Length...............................................................26
1.7 Root Dry Weight......................................................................28
1.8 Surface Area............................................................................31
1.9 Root Depth and Density..........................................................33
1.10 Root Development Relative to Plant Growth Stage.................35
1.11 Crop Yield versus Root Growth..............................................39
1.12 Conclusions..............................................................................44
References..........................................................................................44
Chapter 2 Uptake of Nutrients by Roots.............................................................55
2.1 Introduction.............................................................................55
2.2 Forms of Absorption and Functions of Essential
Nutrients in Plants...................................................................59
2.3 Nutrient-Deficiency/Sufficiency Diagnostic Techniques.........62
2.3.1 Visual Symptoms.......................................................62
2.3.2 Soil Testing.................................................................66
2.3.3 Plant Analysis.............................................................71
2.3.4 Crop Growth Response..............................................73
2.4 Uptake of Nutrients by Crop Plants.........................................74
2.5 Nutrient Interaction.................................................................79
2.6 Nutrient Use Efficiency...........................................................81
2.7 Mechanisms Involved in Nutrient Uptake
and Use Efficiency.................................................................88
2.7.1 Better Root Geometry................................................89
2.7.2 Higher Rate of Nutrient Absorption at Low
Rhizosphere Concentrations......................................91
2.7.3 Ability of Plant to Solubilize Nutrients
in Rhizosphere............................................................93
2.7.4 Better Distribution and Utilization of Nutrients
within Plants...............................................................94
2.7.5 Better Allocation of Dry Matter within Plants..........95
2.7.6 Balanced Source-Sink Relationship..........................96
2.8 Role of Crops in Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency
under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses............................................97
2.9 Breeding for Nutrient Use Efficiency....................................102
2.10 Nutrient Requirements of Conventional and Transgenic
Plants.....................................................................................104
2.11 Conclusions............................................................................107
References........................................................................................113
Chapter 3 Absorption of Water by Roots..........................................................123
3.1 Introduction...........................................................................123
3.2 Water Requirement of Annual Crops....................................129
3.3 Estimating Crop Water Use...................................................131
3.4 Water Use Efficiency in Crop Plants.....................................132
3.4.1 Management Practices to Improve Water Use
Efficiency in Crop Plants..........................................134
3.4.1.1 Maintenance of Soil Organic Matter........135
3.4.1.2 Conservation Tillage.................................137
3.4.1.3 Crop Rotation............................................139
3.4.1.4 Intercropping............................................140
3.4.1.5 Crop Species/Genotypes...........................141
3.4.1.6 Optimal Soil Fertility................................142
3.4.1.7 Use of Cover Crops...................................143
3.4.1.8 Improved Irrigation Efficiency..................143
3.4.1.9 Adopting Controlled Deficit Irrigation.....148
3.5 Importance of Water to Mineral Nutrition of Crop Plants.... 148
3.6 Water Deficits versus Salinity...............................................150
3.7 Water Deficits versus Soil Microbiology...............................150
3.8 Drought..................................................................................150
3.8.1 Crop Yield Relative to Water Stress.........................152
3.8.2 Crop Growth Stages Sensitive to Drought...............154
3.8.3 Root Characteristics Related to Drought Stress.......159
3.9 Management Strategies for Reducing Drought.....................160
3.10 Conclusions............................................................................164
References........................................................................................165
Chapter 4 Rhizosphere Chemistry....................................................................185
4.1 Introduction...........................................................................185
4.2 Effect of Oxygen on Root Growth.........................................188
4.3 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Changes........................188
4.3.1 Physical Changes......................................................188
4.3.1.1 Temperature..............................................189
4.3.1.2 Water-Holding Capacity...........................190
4.3.1.3 Structure...................................................191
4.3.2 Chemical Changes....................................................192
4.3.2.1 pH.............................................................192
4.3.2.2 Oxidation-Reduction Potential................194
4.3.2.3 Release of Organic Compounds...............195
4.3.2.4 Nutrient Concentration and Availability... 196
4.3.3 Biological Changes...................................................209
4.3.3.1 Dinitrogen Fixation...................................209
4.3.3.2 Nitrogen Fixation by Free-Living
and Root-Associated Bacteria...................211
4.3.3.3 Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria... 212
4.3.3.4 Harmful Microorganisms.........................213
4.4 Conclusions............................................................................213
References........................................................................................214
Chapter 5 The Rhizosphere Chemistry of Flooded Rice.................................227
5.1 Introduction...........................................................................227
5.2 Rice Ecosystems....................................................................230
5.2.1 Upland Ecosystem....................................................230
5.2.2 Lowland Ecosystem..................................................231
5.2.3 Deepwater or Floating Rice Ecosystem...................232
5.3 Type of Soils Used for Lowland Rice Cultivation.................233
5.4 Physical, Biological, and Chemical Changes
in the Flooded or Submerged Soils.......................................235
5.4.1 Physical Changes......................................................235
5.4.2 Biological Changes...................................................237
5.4.3 Chemical Changes....................................................238
5.4.3.1 pH.............................................................238
5.4.3.2 Oxidation-Reduction Potential.................240
5.4.3.3 Soil Redox Status versus Straw
Incorporation.............................................240
5.4.3.4 Ionic Strength............................................245
5.4.3.5 Nutrient Availability..................................245
5.4.3.6 Methane Production..................................264
5.5 Conclusions............................................................................265
References........................................................................................265
Chapter 6 Mycorrhizal Associations in the Rhizosphere.................................275
6.1 Introduction...........................................................................275
6.2 Taxonomy and Biology of Mycorrhizal Fungi......................276
6.2.1 Ericoid Mycorrhizae.................................................276
6.2.2 Ectomycorrhizae......................................................276
6.2.3 Endomycorrhizae.....................................................277
6.3 Factors Affecting Mycorrhizal Colonization........................279
6.3.1 Host Factors..............................................................279
6.3.2 Climatic Factors.......................................................280
6.3.3 Soil Factors...............................................................281
6.3.4 Tillage and Agrochemicals......................................282
6.4 Benefits of Mycorrhizal Fungi...............................................282
6.4.1 Improvement in Nutrient Uptake.............................283
6.4.2 Improvement in Water Uptake
and Use Efficiency..............................................285
6.4.3 Protection from Pathogens.......................................285
6.4.4 Improvement in Chlorophyll Concentration............286
6.4.5 Improvement in Salinity Tolerance..........................286
6.4.6 Carbon Sequestration and Soil
Aggregate Stabilization............................................287
6.5 Use of Mycorrhizae in the Cropping Systems.......................287
6.6 Conclusions............................................................................288
References........................................................................................289
Chapter 7 Effects of Mineral Nutrition on Root Growth of Crop Plants..........299
7.1 Introduction...........................................................................299
7.2 Macronutrients.......................................................................302
7.2.1 Nitrogen....................................................................303
7.2.2 Phosphorus...............................................................314
7.2.3 Potassium.................................................................321
7.2.4 Calcium....................................................................323
7.2.5 Magnesium...............................................................325
7.2.6 Sulfur........................................................................327
7.3 Micronutrients.......................................................................330
7.3.1 Zinc...........................................................................331
7.3.2 Copper......................................................................331
7.3.3 Boron........................................................................334
7.3.4 Iron...........................................................................337
7.3.5 Other Micronutrients................................................338
7.4 Conclusions............................................................................341
References........................................................................................342
Chapter 8 Ecophysiology of Major Root Crops................................................347
8.1 Introduction...........................................................................347
8.2 Sugar Beet.............................................................................348
8.2.1 Climate and Soil Requirements................................348
8.2.2 Diseases and Insects.................................................349
8.2.3 Nutrient Requirements.............:.............; :................350
8.2.4 Growth and Development.........................................350
8.3 Cassava..................................................................................351
8.3.1 Climate and Soil Requirements................................353
8.3.2 Diseases and Insects.................................................353
8.3.3 Nutrient Requirements.............................................353
8.3.3.1 Nutrient Concentration.............................354
8.3.3.2 Nutrient Accumulation.............................354
8.3.4 Growth and Development.........................................355
8.3.4.1 Roots.........................................................356
8.3.4.2 Tops...........................................................356
8.3.4.3 Leaf Area Index........................................356
8.3.4.4 Dry Matter................................................357
8.3.4.5 Harvest Index............................................357
8.4 Sweet Potato..........................................................................357
8.4.1 Climatic and Soil Requirements...............................358
8.4.2 Diseases and Insects.................................................358
8.4.3 Nutrient Requirements.............................................359
8.4.4 Growth and Development.........................................359
8.5 Carrot.....................................................................................361
8.5.1 Climate and Soil Requirements................................362
8.5.2 Nutrient Requirements.............................................362
8.5.3 Diseases and Insects.................................................362
8.5.4 Growth and Development.........................................362
8.6 Conclusions............................................................................364
References........................................................................................364
Chapter 9 Management Strategies for Maximizing Root Systems...................369
9.1 Introduction...........................................................................369
9.2 Optimizing Soil Physical Properties.....................................369
9.2.1 Temperature..............................................................370
9.2.2 Moisture Content......................................................372
9.2.3 Structure...................................................................373
9.2.4 Bulk Density and Porosity........................................375
9.3 Optimizing Soil Chemical Properties...................................378
9.3.1 Liming Acid Soils.....................................................378
9.3.2 Base Saturation.........................................................383
9.3.3 Aluminum Saturation...............................................386
9.3.4 Use of Gypsum.........................................................390
9.3.5 Soil Organic Matter Content....................................396
9.3.6 Soil Fertility..............................................................397
9.3.7 Salinity.....................................................................401
9.3.8 Alkalinity.................................................................407
9.4 Optimizing Soil Biological Properties..................................408
9.4.1 Microbial Biomass...................................................408
9.4.2 Biopores...................................................................409
9.4.3 Control of Weeds......................................................410
9.4.4 Control of Diseases and Insects...............................412
9.5 Optimizing Cultural Practices...............................................414
9.5.1 Deep Plowing...........................................................414
9.5.2 Conservation Tillage.................................................414
9.5.3 Crop Rotation...........................................................415
9.5.4 Using Stress-Tolerant Crop Species/Genotypes.......415
9.6 Breeding Crop Varieties for Better Root Systems.................417
9.7 Conclusions............................................................................421
References........................................................................................422
Index......................................................................................................................443
|
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| dewey-full | 575.54 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 575 - Specific parts of & systems in plants |
| dewey-raw | 575.54 |
| dewey-search | 575.54 |
| dewey-sort | 3575.54 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Fageria, N. K. 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)138905045 aut The role of plant roots in crop production Nand Kumar Fageria Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] CRC Press 2013 XV, 451 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024988049&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title_short | The role of plant roots in crop production |
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