Roman Birmingham 3: excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Archaeopress
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit monograph series
9 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VI, 113 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781407308012 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Jones, Alex |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Roman Birmingham 3 |b excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences |c Alex Jones |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Archaeopress |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a VI, 113 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149094946439168 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1:
SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION
Summary
............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction
............................................................................................................................................2
Background
....................................................................................................................................2
The sequence of Roman military activity at Metchley (Fig.
1.4)..................................................3
Regional context
............................................................................................................................3
Fieldwork at Metchley
1999-2001
and
2004-2005......................................................................6
Aims
............................................................................................................................................6
Methodology
..................................................................................................................................9
Arrangement of report
.................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER
2:
The Western Fort Defences And Western Annexe Or Enclosure (AREAS
M
13-М 14; 2004
EXCAVATIONS)
Results
..........................................................................................................................................11
Phasing
.........................................................................................................................................11
Phases 1A-1C, first military activity and first fort (Figs
2.1-2.5)..............................................11
Summary (Fig.
2.1)...........................................................................................................11
Description, dating evidence and interpretation of Phase
1
A possible
construction camp (Fig.
2.2).............................................................................................11
Description and interpretation of Phase IB first fort defences
.........................................11
Description and interpretation of Phase IB-Phase 2B internal features
..........................16
Description of Phase
1С
western annexe or enclosure
.....................................................18
Dating evidence from Phase
1С
features
..........................................................................18
Interpretation of Phase
1С
western annexe or enclosure
..................................................18
Phase 2B, livestock complex outside western fort defences and backfilling of Phase
1
В
fort ditches (Figs
2.4, 2.6-2.7).....................................................................................................20
Summary (Fig.
2.6)...........................................................................................................20
Description of Phase 2B features (Figs
2.4, 2.6-2.7).......................................................20
Dating evidence from Phase 2B features
.........................................................................23
Description, dating evidence and interpretation of Phase 2B
backfilling of Phase IB fort defences
...............................................................................23
Interpretation of Phase 2B features
..................................................................................23
Phase
5,
post-Roman activity (not illustrated)
.............................................................................23
Summary description and interpretation of Phase
5
features
...........................................23
Finds
..........................................................................................................................................24
Coins Roger White
.......................................................................................................................24
Catalogue
..........................................................................................................................24
Small finds Erica Macey-Bracken
...............................................................................................24
Iron objects
.......................................................................................................................24
Stone objects (petrological identifications by Rob Ixer)
..................................................25
Glass objects
.....................................................................................................................25
Fired clay objects
..............................................................................................................25
Romano-British coarse pottery
С
Jane Evans
.............................................................................26
Introduction and methodology
..........................................................................................26
Discussion by fabric
.........................................................................................................29
Catalogue (Fig.
2.9)..........................................................................................................29
Discussion by phase
..........................................................................................................30
Discussion by vessel class
................................................................................................31
Conclusion
........................................................................................................................32
Mortaria Kay Hartley
...................................................................................................................32
Catalogue
..........................................................................................................................32
Graffito
.............................................................................................................................33
Mortarium graffito Roger
Tomiin
.....................................................................................33
Mortaria thin sections Rob Ixer
........................................................................................34
Samian Felicity Wild.
...................................................................................................................35
Catalogue
..........................................................................................................................
35
Amphorae
David
Williams
...........................................................................................................35
Comments
.........................................................................................................................
Environmental evidence
..........................................................................................................................
-1
Charred plant remains Wendy Smith
.......................................................................................................35
CHAPTER
3:
THE SETTLEMENT AND THE LIVESTOCK COMPLEX (AREAS M9, Ml
5-М 16;
1999-2001
AND
2004
EXCAVATIONS)
Results
..........................................................................................................................................37
Phasing
........................................................................................................................................37
Phase A, early military activity (Area M9, Claudian, Figs
3.1-3.3)...........................................37
Summary
...........................................................................................................................37
Description of Phase A features
........................................................................................37
Interpretation of Phase A features
.....................................................................................43
Phase B, early civilian activity (Areas M9 and M16, Neronian, Figs
3.1, 3.4-3.6)....................45
Summary
...........................................................................................................................45
Description of Phase
В
features
........................................................................................45
Interpretation of Phase
В
features
....................................................................................49
Phase C, livestock complex (Mid/ late Neronian-early Flavian, Areas M9 and M16, Figs
3.1,
3.7-3.9)........................................................................................................................................49
Summary
...........................................................................................................................49
Description of Phase
С
features
........................................................................................49
Interpretation of Phase
С
features
....................................................................................55
Phase D, post-Roman activity
.....................................................................................................55
Finds
..........................................................................................................................................55
Small finds (Area M9 only)
Lynne
Bevan
...................................................................................55
Copper alloy objects
.........................................................................................................55
Graffito Roger
Tomiin
.......................................................................................................57
Lead object
.......................................................................................................................57
Iron objects
.......................................................................................................................57
Worked stone objects (with Rob Ixer)
..............................................................................57
Thin section report on Roman
ballista
ball Rob Ixer
.......................................................58
Glass objects
.....................................................................................................................58
Roman vessel glass Hilary Cool
.......................................................................................58
Leather object
...................................................................................................................59
Roman pottery (Area M9)
С
Jane Evans with Annette Hancocks, Kay Hartley (mortaria),
Roger
Tomiin
(graffito),
Steven Willis
(sam
ian)
and David Williams (amphorae)
.....................59
Introduction and methodology
..........................................................................................59
Discussion by phase
..........................................................................................................60
Mortaria (Area M9) Kay Hartley
......................................................................................65
Samian pottery (Area M9) Steven Willis
..........................................................................66
Amphorae (Area M9) David Williams
..............................................................................70
General pottery discussion (Area M9)
..............................................................................71
Conclusions and suggestions for further study (Area M9)
...............................................73
Roman pottery (Areas
M
15-М 16)
Jane Timby with contributions by Kay Hartley, Felicity Wild
and David Williams
..................................................................................................... 76
Introduction and methodology
..........................................................................................76
Description of fabrics and associated forms
.....................................................................76
Discussion by phase
............................................................................................... 79
Catalogue of illustrated sherds (Fig.
3.20).......................................................................80
Catalogue of mortaria Kay Hartley
..................................................................................80
Environmental evidence
......................................................................................
gj
Charred plant remains (Area M9 only) Marina Ciaraldi
............................................................81
Methodology
...............................................................
gj
Results
............................................................................................
gj
Discussion
..................................................................
gj
CHAPTER
4:
BOREHOLE INVESTIGATIONS WEST OF FORT (AREA
M
17; 2004)
Results
..........................................................................................................................................88
Description (Figs
4.1^1.2)...........................................................................................................88
Interpretation
...............................................................................................................................88
Environmental assessment James Greig
.................................................................................................92
Samples
........................................................................................................................................92
Laboratory work
..........................................................................................................................92
Results
..........................................................................................................................................92
CHAPTER
5:
SALVAGE RECORDING TO THE WEST OF THE FORT DEFENCES (AREA Ml
9
A/
M19B;
2005
EXCAVATIONS)
Results
..........................................................................................................................................93
Phasing
.........................................................................................................................................93
Phase
1С,
western annexe or enclosure (Area M19Aonly; Figs
5.1-5.2)..................................93
Description of Phase
1С
features
......................................................................................93
Dating evidence from Phase
1С
features
..........................................................................93
Interpretation of Phase
1С
features
..................................................................................93
Phase
5,
post-Roman activity (Areas M19A-M19B; Figs
5.1-5.2)............................................96
Description and interpretation of Phase
5
features
...........................................................96
Finds (Area
M19A
only)
.........................................................................................................................96
Romano-British coarse pottery
С
Jane Evans
.............................................................................96
Mortarium Kay Hartley
...............................................................................................................97
Catalogue
..........................................................................................................................97
CHAPTER
6:
DISCUSSION AND SYNTHESIS
Introduction
..........................................................................................................................................98
Chronology and sequence (Fig.
1.4).......................................................................................................98
Phase A (Area M9), Phase
1
A-
1С
(Areas
M
13-М 14)...............................................................98
Phase
В
settlement (Areas M9 and Ml
5-М 16),
western annexe or enclosure (Areas
M
13-М 14
andM19A)
...................................................................................................................................98
Phase
С
livestock complex (Areas M9 and M15-M16; Phase 2B, Areas M13-M14)
...............99
Phase 3-Phase
4
(Fig.
1.3)...........................................................................................................99
Layout
..........................................................................................................................................99
Early Roman military layouts (Phase A, Area M9; Phase 1A, Area M14, Fig.
2.1)...................99
Civilian settlement (Phase B, Area M9, M15-M16, Fig.
2.6)...................................................100
Introduction
....................................................................................................................100
Location
..........................................................................................................................100
Internal layout
.................................................................................................................101
Western livestock complex (Area M9, Phase C; Areas
M
13-М 14,
Phase 2B)
.........................101
Alternative interpretation?
....................................................................................................................102
Economy
........................................................................................................................................103
Early defences
............................................................................................................................103
Civilian settlement
.....................................................................................................................103
Livestock complex
.....................................................................................................................104
Metchley
.........................................................................................................................104
Patterns of military supply
..............................................................................................104
Regional evidence
...........................................................................................................105
Environment
........................................................................................................................................105
Conclusion
........................................................................................................................................106
CHAPTER
7:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND REFERENCES
Acknowledgements
...............................................................................................................................107
References
........................................................................................................................................108
FIGURES
CHAPTER
1
1.1
Metchley fort and the Roman road network in the west midlands (scale
1
:200,000)
1.2
Detailed location of Metchley Roman fort (scale
1
:4,000)
1.3
Metchley fort, phasing and location of excavations; interventions described in this volume are
shaded (scale
1:2,500)
1.4
Simplified outline of fort phasing (scale
1
:4,000)
1.5
Areas investigated adjoining the southeastern angle of the fort (scale
1:500)
CHAPTER
2
2.1
Simplified plan of Phase A features (Areas M9 and M16, scale
1:500)
and Phase
1
А
-IC
features
(Areas
M
13-М 14)
2.2
Plan of Phase
1
features (Area
M
14,
scale
1
:250)
2.3
Phase
1
А
-IC
sections (S.1-S.9, scale
1:40)
2.4
Phase 1A-1C and Phase 2B sections (S.10-S.19, scale
1:40)
2.5
Ordnance Survey First Edition map of
1890
2.6
Simplified plan of Phase
С
features (Areas M9, M15-M16, scale
1:500)
and Phase 2B features
(Areas
M
13-М 14)
2.7
Plan of Phase 2B features (Areas
M
13-М 14,
scale
1
:250)
2.8
Iron axehead (scale
1:4)
2.9
Romano-British pottery
(Nos
1-17,
scale
1:4)
2.10
Romano-British pottery, fabrics by phase (percentage weight)
2.1
1 Romano-British pottery, fabrics by phase, excluding amphorae (percentage weight)
2.12
Romano-British pottery, vessel classes, excluding amphorae (percentage rim EVE)
2.13
Mortarium, with graffito (scale
1
:2)
CHAPTER
3
3.1
Simplified plan, all Roman phases (scale as shown)
3.2
Phase A plan (scale as shown)
3.3
Phase A sections (S.1-S.9, scale
1:50)
3.4
Phase
В
plan (scale as shown)
3.5
Phase B, sections (S.10-S.26, scale
1:20)
3.6
Phase B, sections (S.27-S.29, scale
1
:50)
3.7
Phase C, plan (scale as shown)
3.8
Phase C, sections (S.30-S.37, scale
1:50)
3.9
Phase C, detailed plan of livestock sorting entrance (scale
1:100),
selected sections
(S 38-S
44
scale
1:10)
3.10
Small finds (scale
1:1)
3.11
Romano-British pottery
(Nos
1-31,
scale
1
:4)
3.12
Romano-British pottery, fabrics by source and phase
3.13
Graffito (scale
1:1)
3.14
Mortaria
(Nos
1-3,
scale
1
:4)
3.15
Samian
(Nos
1-5,
scale
1:2)
3.16
Romano-British pottery, vesselclassesbyrimEVE
3.17
Romano-British pottery, pottery by area
(%
weight)
3.18
Romano-British pottery, comparison of the Metchley assemblages by fabric group
3.19
Romano-British pottery, overall assemblage profile by fabric: (A) by
%
weight, (B) by
%
rim EVE
3.20
Romano-British pottery, Areas Ml
5-М 16
(Nos
1-9,
scale
1:4)
CHAPTER
4
4.1
Location of borehole profile
4.2
Schematic profile of borehole results
iv
CHAPTER
5
5.1
Simplified plans of Areas M19A-M19B, with First Edition OS superimposed
5.2
Sections S.1-S.5 (scale
1:50)
5.3
Mortarium (scale
1:2)
PLATES
COVER
Reconstructed northwestern corner of the northern annexe (approx.
1955)
copyright Birmingham Museums
and Art Gallery; inset: Alex the dog , solid bronze animal with a long body and a snout from Metchley
(Webster
2001,
fig.
23.2)
CHAPTER
1
1.1
Metchley fort, photo approx.
1967,
aerial view from the southwest (Copyright reserved Cambridge
University Collection of Aerial Photography)
1.2
Metchley fort and setting, photo
1998,
aerial view from the northwest (P Leather)
1.3
Area
M
13-М 14
before excavation
1.4
Area M9, surveying in waterlogged conditions
CHAPTER
2
2.1
Phase
1
ditch F493.01, view north
2.2
Phase IB ditch F493.02, view north
2.3
Phase IB ditch F494.01, view north
2.4
Phase 2B fence F485.01, view northwest
2.5
Fragments of possible kiln furniture, one fragment pierced by a hole
CHAPTER
3
3.1
Area M9, cleaning the machined subsoil surface, view north
3.2
Phase A military ditch G29, view north
3.3
Phase A trackway
1038
and ditch G7, view north
TABLES
CHAPTER
1
1.1
Metchley Roman fort, summary of phasing
CHAPTER
2
2.1
Romano-British pottery, summary by phase
2.2
Romano-British pottery, list of the fabrics represented
2.3
Romano-British pottery, summary of the assemblage by fabric/ source
2.4
Romano-British pottery, vessel classes represented
CHAPTER
3
3.1
Phase A, pottery dates
3.2
Phase B, pottery dates
3.3
Phase C, pottery dates
3.4
Romano-British pottery (Area M9), summary by phase
3.5
Romano-British pottery (Area M9), summary by fabric and source
3.6
Samian pottery (Area M9), summary of incidence
3.7
Samian pottery (Area M9), average sherd weights
3.8
Romano-British pottery (Areas
M
15-М 16),
quantified summary
3.9
Romano-British pottery, comparison of assemblages from recent excavations
(1998-2004)
3.10
Plant remains, details
CHAPTER
4
4.
1 Details of the deposits identified
4.2
Assessment results
CHAPTER
5
5.
1 Romano-British pottery, details
APPENDIX
CHAPTER
3
3.1
Romano-British pottery, list of fabrics
3.2
Romano-British pottery, list of forms
3.3
Romano-British pottery, summary by fabric and phase
vi
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Jones, Alex |
| author_facet | Jones, Alex |
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| geographic | Birmingham (DE-588)4006934-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Birmingham |
| id | DE-604.BV040130424 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:17:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781407308012 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024987605 |
| oclc_num | 756231204 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| physical | VI, 113 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1305 |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Archaeopress |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit monograph series |
| series2 | British archaeological reports / British series Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit monograph series |
| spelling | Jones, Alex Verfasser aut Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences Alex Jones Oxford [u.a.] Archaeopress 2011 VI, 113 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier British archaeological reports / British series 534 Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit monograph series 9 Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Befestigung (DE-588)4069225-5 gnd rswk-swf Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd rswk-swf Birmingham (DE-588)4006934-5 gnd rswk-swf Birmingham [UKG] (DE-2581)TH000004059 gbd Birmingham (DE-588)4006934-5 g Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 s Befestigung (DE-588)4069225-5 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 British series British archaeological reports 534 (DE-604)BV000897461 534 Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit monograph series 9 (DE-604)BV012605874 9 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 4 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024987605&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jones, Alex Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit monograph series Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Befestigung (DE-588)4069225-5 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4069225-5 (DE-588)4076769-3 (DE-588)4006934-5 |
| title | Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences |
| title_auth | Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences |
| title_exact_search | Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences |
| title_full | Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences Alex Jones |
| title_fullStr | Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences Alex Jones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roman Birmingham 3 excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences Alex Jones |
| title_short | Roman Birmingham 3 |
| title_sort | roman birmingham 3 excavations at metchley roman fort 1999 2001 and 2004 2005 western settlement the livestock complex and the western defences |
| title_sub | excavations at Metchley Roman Fort, 1999 - 2001 and 2004 - 2005 ; western settlement, the livestock complex and the western defences |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Befestigung (DE-588)4069225-5 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Ausgrabung Befestigung Römerzeit Birmingham |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024987605&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000897461 (DE-604)BV012605874 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jonesalex romanbirmingham3excavationsatmetchleyromanfort19992001and20042005westernsettlementthelivestockcomplexandthewesterndefences |