A grammar of Qumran Aramaic:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Leuven [u.a.]
Peeters
2011
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Schriftenreihe: | Ancient Near Eastern studies Supplements
38 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. [XXXV] - XLV |
Beschreibung: | XLV, 285 S. |
ISBN: | 9789042925595 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Qumran Aramaic |c by T. Muraoka |
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500 | |a Literaturverz. S. [XXXV] - XLV | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES
SUPPLEMENT 38
A GRAMMAR OF QUMRAN ARAMAIC
by
T MURAOKA
PEETERS
LEUYEN - PARIS - WALPOLE, MA
CONTENTS
Preface XXIII
Introduction XXV
Abbreviations XXXI
Other symbols XXXIII
Literature XXXV
PART I
PHONOLOGY
§ 1 Preliminary remarks 3
§ 2 Consonants 3
a Proto-Semitic Id/ /d/ 4
b /s/ vs /s / 4
c Proto-Semitic /1/ /1/ 6
d Proto-Semitic /d/ 6
e Proto-Semitic tzl D 6
§ 3 Consonantal changes 6
a Gemination 6
1) /-nC/ /-CC/ 7
2) Structurally conditioned 7
3) Morphophonemicalh conditioned 7
4) In geminate roots 7
5) Unassimilated N 8
b Assimilation of consonants other than In/ 9
c Degeminating/n/and/i / 10
d Phonetic reality of degeminating/n/ 11
e It / /tt/ 11
f Partial assimilation /zt/ • /zd/ 11
g voiced unvoiced plosi es 11
h Progressive assimilation 12
i Dissimilation 12
j Spirantisation 13
k Possible weakening or el ision of gutturals 13
1 Apocope of word-final / / 14
la Aphaeresis of / / 15
m Syncope of // 16
i) CV C CVC 16
n ii) C V CV 16
CONTENTS
0 / / lyl
p /ayV/ /a V/
q Syncope of /h/
r Metathesis
s I ml /n/
t Word-final gemination neutralised
ta Word-final l-Cyl l-Cel
tb Word-final /-Cw/ -Co/
tc /ay+ 1/ /ay/
u Word-initial /yC-/ /iC-/
v Prosthetic Alef
w /-a/ /-an/
Vowels
Vowel marking
a,b Word-final Yod
1) = lyl
2) = /i/
3 )= Id
c,d Word-final Waw
c=/ u/
d = Id/
e Word-final He
1) = /a/
2) = /e/
3) = lo/
f Word-final Alef
1) = /a/
2 )= Id
g Multivalence of word-final matres lectionis
h Word-final long a graphically not visible?
1 Spelling of unstressed word-final long a
j Pronouns in and Tl
k Word-final Alef as di graph
Word-medial vowels
a Yod = lil
b Waw = I ul
c Waw = /ol
d Frequent defectiva spellings
e Contraction of diphthongs and word-medial Yod or Waw
f Alef or He as word-medial mater lectionis
fa Alef as a glide
fb Alef marking a word-medial /e/
Vowel length
Contraction of diphthongs
CONTENTS IX
a /ay/ /e/ 30
b /aw/ /o/ 30
§9 Elision of unstressed, open-syllabic, word-medial, short vowels 31
§ 10a Sandhi 33
§ 10b Canaanite vowel shift? 34
PART II
MORPHOLOGY
SECTION A: PRONC UN, NOUN, ADJECTIVE AND PARTICLES
§11 Disjunctive personal pronouns 37
a 2ms 37
b 2fs 37
c 3ms , 3fs 37
d lpl 38
e 2mp 38
f 3mp , 3fp 38
§ 12 Conjunctive personal pronouns 38
a -b General remarks 39
c lsg 39
d 2ms 39
e 2fs 40
f 3ms 40
g 3fs 40
h lpl 41
i 2mp 41
j 3mp 41
k 3fp 41
1 Long vs short forms 41
la Four different forms for 2fs 43
m Object pronouns directh attached to the verb 44
n Disjunctive instead of conjunctive pronoun 45
o Added to masculine plural nouns 45
p Added to monosyllabic, irregular nouns 46
§ 13 Disjunctive possessive pronouns 47
§14 Demonstrative pronouns 47
a Near deixis 47
b Examples 47
ba Distribution of multiple ms forms 48
bb Gender-neutral |(1)Vx and nVx 48
c Far deixis 49
d Examples 49
X CONTENTS
e Identical with disjunctive pronouns 49
f p used as demonstrative 49
g- P*r 49
h Gender distinction of |T 50
i Demonstratives for l ir deixis with -n unattested 50
§15 Relative pronoun 50
§16 Interrogative words 50
§17 Indefinite pronouns 51
§ 17a Reciprocal expressions 51
§18 The noun 51
a Declensional endings 51
b Morphological ambiguity 52
c Examples and discussion 52
d Grammatical gender 54
e Dual 54
f Mismatch between form and grammatical gender 55
g Suppletion 56
h Irregular nouns 56
i Base expanded in plural forms 57
§ 19 Formal patterns of nouns and adjectives 58
a Monoconsonantal roots 58
aa Biconsonantal roots 58
b Triconsonantal roots 60
ba /qutl/ nouns 66
bb Discussion 67
c Quadriliteral roots 72
ca Quinqueliteral roots 72
d With suffix , 72
da = /-ay/ 73
db = I ll 73
e With suffix ]- 73
f With suffix ]V 73
g With suffix V 74
h With prefix -N 75
i With prefix -1 75
j With prefix -D ! 76
k With prefix -n 77
1 Words difficult of classification 77
m Loan-words 78
§20 Prepositions 81
a Use with conjunctive pronouns 82
b Proclitic prepositions 82
c Extra final Yod before conjunctive pronouns 82
d Compound prepositions 83
CONTENTS XI
e Prepositions + nouns = pseudo-prepositions 84
§21 Numerals 84
a Cardinals 84
b Tens, higher numerals, composite numerals 88
c Eleven to Nineteen 88
d Hundreds 89
e Thousands 89
f Ordinals 89
g Fractions 90
h Multiplicatives 90
§ 22 Other word-classes 90
a Adverbs 91
i) Locative 91
ii) Temporal 91
iii) Modal 91
iv) Logical 92
b Status absolutus of the adjective used adverbially 92
c Word final adverbial /-a:/ 92
d Conjunctions 93
i) Coordinating 93
ii) Subordinating 93
e Interjections 94
f Interrogative -PI 95
g Existential particle 95
h Presentatives 95
i Miscellaneous 96
PART II
MORPHOLOGY
SECTION B: THE VERB
§ 23 The inventory of conjugatioual morphemes 97
§ 24 Examples and discussion 98
a SC (= Perfect) 98
b Spelling of the 2sg suffi 98
c Spelling of the lsg suffi c ; 98
d 2mp 98
e 2fp 99
f lpl 99
fa Putative long 3mp suffix |V 99
g 3fp 99
h PC (= Imperfect) 100
XII CONTENTS
i 2mp and 3mp spelled plene with Waw 100
j 3fp 100
k PCS (= Jussive) 100
ka Penultimate stress 102
1,m Energic 102
n Imperative 102
o Participle 103
p Infinitive 103
pa Infinitive wit hout -17 105
pb Infinitive absolute unattested 106
§ 25 Binyanim 106
a Rare binyanim 106
§ 26 Binyan G: Stative / intransitive vs fientive / intransitive 107
a Stem-vowel spelled plene 107
aa Dominance of the yiqtol type 108
b Hollow roots mat king the stem vowel plene 108
§ 27 Binyan D 108
§ 28 Binyan H or A 109
§ 29 -t Binyanim Ill
§30 The passive voice 114
§31 Pe-Yod verbs 115
a Examples 115
b Discussion 117
§32 Pe-Alef verbs 118
a Examples 118
b Discussion 119
§ 33 Pe-Nun verbs 120
a Examples 120
b Discussion 121
§ 34 Lamed-Alef verbs 122
a Examples 122
b Discussion 123
§ 35 Ayin-Waw/Yod verbs 123
a Examples 123
b Discussion 126
§36 Ayin-Ayin verbs 128
a Examples 128
b Discussion 130
§ 37 Lamed-Yod verbs 130
a Examples 131
b Discussion 136
§ 37a Doubly irregular verbs 140
§ 38 The verb with suffixal object pronouns ; 140
a SC (= Perfect) 141
XIII
CONTENTS
b PC (= Imperfect) with Energic Nun
c PC without Energic Nun
d Imperative
e Infinitive
PART III
MORPHOSYNTAX
SECTION A: TH E PRONOUN
§ 39 Personal pronouns
a First and second persons
aa Principal use as the subject or predicate
ab Left out as the subject of a participle
b Third person pronouns
c Kin with prominence -giving function
d p73H / fUN, px as object marker
e Disjunctive personal pronouns with a finite verb
i) Contrast or opposition
ii) Assertiveness
iii) Self-consciousness
iv) Grammatical necessity
v) Authoritarian
f Conj pronoun with non-accusative values
g Conj pronoun added to numerals
h Conj pronoun added to infinitive
i Resumptive function
j Reflexive function; U Dl
§ 40 Disjunctive possessive pronouns
§41 Demonstrative pronouns
a Basic nature -
b Near deixis
c Far deixis
d Anaphoric function
e Substantival use
§ 42 Relative pronoun
a Attributive function
b Anaphoric conj pronoun referring to the antecedent
c Antecedentless relative clause
d An interrogative pronoun doubling as a generic relative clause
e A relative clause with a preposition and an interrogative
f Anaphoric, non-rest l ictive relative clause
XIV CONTENTS
§ 43 Interrogative pronouns 154
§44 Indefinite pronouns 155
a Dsnn/asnja 155
b las 155
c IZNN / 155
d Inflectional peculiarity of Din(j)D, 155
e I3J 155
f Vd 155
g rfra 155
SECT ION B: THE NOUN AND THE ADJECTIVE
§ 45Gender156
a-b Grammatical gender and natural sex 156
c Grammatical significance 157
d Neuter 157
§ 46 State 157
a-g Absolute state 157
aa Loan-words 157
b With cardinal numerals 158
c Numeral for one as equivalent of an indefinite article 158
d Vs every, each + sg st abs 158
e Distributive 158
f Predicative adjective 158
fa Classifying noun predicate 158
g Fem sg adj with n- used adverbially 158
h-m Determined state 158
h Anaphoric 158
i Noun phrase modified by a dem pron 158
j Generic 158
k Situationally determinate 159
1 Difficult cases 159
m Proper nouns 160
§ 47 Number - 160
a , aa Collective nouns 160
b Repetition of noun 161
c Plural of uncountable nouns 162
d Plural of extension 162
e Pluralia tantum • 162
f Plural nomen rectum influenced by nomen regens 162
§48 Adjective 162
a Substantivised 162
b PI pD goods 163
c Comparative and superlative 163
d Adverbially used fem adjective 163
CONTENTS XV
SECTION C: THE VERB
§49 Binyanim 164
a General introduction 164
b Derivative or homonymous? 165
c Root suppletion 165
d Factitive D 165
e Causative H or A 166
f tG 166
g tD 166
h tA 166
§ 50 Tenses 167
a General remarks 167
b Consecutio temporum 168
§ 51Perfectorsuffixconjugation168
a Only one simple preterite tense 168
b Performative perfect 168
c Stative verbs 169
§ 52 Imperfect or prefix conjugation 169
a PCL 169
b Referring to diverse non-preterite situations 169
c In protases of conditional sentences 170
d In generic statements 170
e Imperfective preterite 170
§ 53 Jussive and energic 170
a Jussive 171
b NinV 171
§ 54 Passive voice 171
a Ambiguity of t-binyanim 171
b Resultative, G passive ptc 171
ba Internal passive vs t-binvanim 172
c Passive ptc in indirect address 172
d Syntagm [Passive ptc - 4 172
e Marking of agent - 173
§ 55 Participle 173
a Actual present 173
b Attributive 174
c Substantivised 174
d Historic present 174
e General truth 175
f Periphrastic tense 175
fa SC V^n - ptc 177
fb PC vSn - ptc 178
fc Impv V^in + ptc 178
g Ptc of verba dicendi 179
XVI CONTENTS
§ 56 Infinitive 179
a Nominalised verb 179
b Used to complement verbs like OX 179
c Used to complement an adjective 180
d Lamedless inf in temporal adjuncts 180
e Absolute command 180
f Subject of a nominal clause 180
g Final 180
h Implicit subject 180
§ 57 Imperative 181
PART IV
SYNTAX
SECTION A: NOUN PHRASE EXPANDED
§ 58 By conjunctive pronouns 185
a + conj pron 185
b Synthetic vs analytic genitive 185
c Adjective also added 185
d Dern pron also added 185
§ 59 By disjunctive possessive pronouns 185
§ 60 By the preposition Lamed of ownership or affiliation 186
§ 61Bynounsinthestatusconstructus186
a Ambiguity in syntactic hierarchy 186
b Semantic cohesion of construct phrases 187
c Logico-semantic relationships 187
i) possessive 187
ii) relational 187
iii) appositivc 187
iv) author 188
v) locational 189
Vs) temporal 189
vi) condition 189
vii) membership 189
viia) affiliation 189
viii) material 189
ix) time-span 189
x) inalienable part 189
xi) topical 190
xii) subjective 190
xiii) objective 190
xiv) contents 190
CONTENTS XVII
xv) purpose 190
xvi) species 190
xvii) classificatory 190
xviii) qualitative 191
xix) pertinence 191
xx) representation 191
xxi) difficult of classification 191
d Immediate constituent hierar hy of complex construct phrases 191
e 1-clause as B-terrn 192
f Adjective in st est 192
g Prepositional phrase as B-terni 192
§ 62 By [^T + noun phrase] —analytic periphrasis 193
a No functional opposition to synthetic structure 193
b Many logico-semantic relationships also expressible through periphrasis 193
c Advantages of the analytic structure 194
d Identity in the grammatical state between the two terms 195
e Synthetic structure more frequent 195
f The pi of the A-term favouring the synthesis 195
§ 63 Proleptic noun phrases 195
a Analytic, genitive relationship 195
b Verb + object relationship 196
c Prepositional, adverbial adjunct 196
d WithVs 196
§ 63a Resumptive structure 197
§ 64 By relative clauses 197
§65 By demonstrative pronouns 197
a Before or after NP 197
b Determinate noun 197
c Further expanded by an adjective 198
d NP with a conj pronoun 198
e Added to a construct phrase 198
§66 By adjectives 198
a,b Position of an attributive adjective 198
c Added to a noun with a conj -pronoun 198
d Concord with the noun head 198
§67 By numerals 199
a Cardinal numerals following 199
b Numeral for one 199
ba Numeral for two mostly pieceding 200
c Fronted cardinals 200
d NP usually in st abs 201
e NP - unit - numeral/cipher 202
f Adjective added ; 202
g Substantivised cardinal numerals 202
h Ordinal numerals 203
XVIII CONTENTS
§ 68 By prepositional phrases 203
a Attributively used 203
bH+ locative phrase 204
§ 69By Vd 204
a Bare Vd 204
b Categorical negation 204
c Vd + conj pron 204
d xta 204
§ 70 By nouns in apportion 205
a Proper noun a ; one component 205
b Proper noun in apposition to a disj pron 205
c Conj pron as first component 205
d N2 s* name 206
e N2 = ^ 206
f Appositional ti rms separated from each other 206
§ 71Byaninfinitive?206
SECTION B: VERB PHRASE EXPANDED
§ 72 Verb expansion 207
§ 73Asyndesis207
a With 207
b Various kinds of verbs 207
§ 74 Verbal rection 208
a Preliminary remarks 208
aa Synthetic vs analytic rection 208
b Direct government 209
c Indirect government; prepositional object 209
ca Semantic implications 210
d -V as object marker 212
da -V: marker of 1 )0 or IO? 214
db Nota obiecti r~ 215
e Syntactic ambiguity of object suffixes 217
f Indirect object marked by prepositions other than - V 218
g Double object 218
ga Verbs taking two DOs 218
gb Verbs taking I O and IO 218
gc Passivisation 218
h fliN/pX 219
i Verbs of physii al movement 219
j -V prefixed to an object pronoun of a participle 221
k Object complement: embedded nominal clause 221
1 Clausal object 222
m Interrogative clause • 222
n Cognate objeci 223
CONTENTS XIX
o Object ellipsis 223
p Centripetal -V 223
q *7 marking dativus commodi vel incommodi 223
r Prolepsis of object 224
s Infinitive and its object marking 224
t Some verbs complemented by an inf 224
u Participle complementing a verb 224
v Verb-like adjectives 224
w Accusative of limitation or specification 225
§ 75 Expansion by adverbials 225
a Bare adverbials 225
b Prepositional phrases 225
c Sequence of multiple adverbials 226
d Sentence adverbials 226
e Clause-medial adverbial 226
f TO 227
SECTION C: OTHER SYNTACTIC ISSUES
§ 76 Concord and discord 228
a Preliminary remarks 228
b Discord in gender 228
ba Masculine as genus potior 228
bb Fluctuation in gender 228
be More examples 229
c Discord in number 230
ca Dual 230
cb Passive pi verb with ,i sg subject 230
cc Attraction to a nomen rectum 230
cd Interface between morphology and syntax 230
ce Interface between ori hography and syntax 230
cf Multiple coordinate lerms 230
eg Emendation 231
ch iTJU; - 231
ci Collective nouns 232
cj D1?!# as predicate 232
ck Distributive construction 232
cl Two terms joined by IX 233
d Discord in state 233
§ 77 Word order: nominal clause 233
a Preliminary remarks 233
b Bipartite nominal clause 234
aa-af P - Snd 235
ba-bd P - Sdp 235
b* Clitic-like disjunctive pronouns 236
XX CONTENTS
ca-cd Snd - 1 236
da-de Sdp - ] 237
c Tripartite nominal clause 238
ca S-P- dp 238
cb P - dp - S 238
cc S - dp - I 238
d Existential and locative nominal clauses 239
da Marked v ith TPN 239
db -V+NP - NP 239
dc Locative t lause 240
dd One-member existential clause 240
de Copula: TN 240
e in: Bridge between NC and VC 240
f Exclamations 241
g No fixed posiiion for the vocative 241
§ 78 Word order: verbal clause 241
a Preliminary remarks 241
aa-an Verb in clause-initial position 243
ba-bea Subjec t in clause-initial position 245
ca-cga Objeci in clause-initial position 246
da-dm Adverb in clause-initial position 247
b Pronominalregcl or pronoun enclisis 249
c Infinitive expanded 250
d Position of ad verbial adjuncts 250
e 251
§ 79Extraposition251
§ 80 Impersonal constructions 252
§ 81Coordination253
a Asyndetic or s/ndetic concatenation 253
b Relative frequency of -1 and IN 253
c Repetition of 1 253
d Logical hieran hy between concatenated terms 254
e -1 absent 254
f Paratactic to hypotactic 255
§ 82Circumstantialclauses255
§ 83 Negation 256
a N1? and *7N 256
b Vn with PCS 256
c immediately before a verb negating the whole clause 256
d negating only part of a clause 256
e TTN N1? 256
f XV + sg abs noun for categorical negation 256
§ 84 Conditional utterances 257
a Basic structun 257
CONTENTS XXI
b Tenses in protasis and apodosis 257
c Apodosis introduced wit h-1 257
§ 85 Direct speech 258
a Not formally marked 258
b H introducing direct speech 258
c No example of IONqV x- a marker of direct speech 258
§ 86 Vocative and presentative 258
a Vocative: determinate N P 258
b Position of the vocative 258
c Clause-initial presentatn es 258
§ 87 Prepositions 259
a Repetition 259
aa Syntactically conditione I repetition 259
b Not repeated 259
ba Repeated before an NP n apposition 260
bb Not repeated before an NP in apposition 260
be Not repeated before an NP with a Waw of accompaniment 260
c IN more independent th m -T 261
§ 88 clauses 261
A on its own 261
a Content clause 261
b Introducing direct speech 261
c Causal 261
d Final 262
B Compounded with a pn position 262
a Causal 262
b Temporal 262
c Modal 263
C Introducing a self-contai ned clause 263
APPENDICES
I List of technical terms 267
II Index of passages - 271
III Index of modern authors 277
IV Index of subjects 281
V Index of words (Aramaic and others) 283
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Muraoka, Takamitsu 1938- |
author_GND | (DE-588)121174220 |
author_facet | Muraoka, Takamitsu 1938- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Muraoka, Takamitsu 1938- |
author_variant | t m tm |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV040116156 |
classification_rvk | BC 1061 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)767942856 (DE-599)OBVAC08816234 |
discipline | Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
format | Book |
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geographic | Qumran (DE-588)4076463-1 gnd |
geographic_facet | Qumran |
id | DE-604.BV040116156 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:17:14Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789042925595 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024972359 |
oclc_num | 767942856 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-11 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
physical | XLV, 285 S. |
publishDate | 2011 |
publishDateSearch | 2011 |
publishDateSort | 2011 |
publisher | Peeters |
record_format | marc |
series | Ancient Near Eastern studies Supplements |
series2 | Ancient Near Eastern studies : Supplements |
spelling | Muraoka, Takamitsu 1938- Verfasser (DE-588)121174220 aut A grammar of Qumran Aramaic by T. Muraoka Leuven [u.a.] Peeters 2011 XLV, 285 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ancient Near Eastern studies : Supplements 38 Literaturverz. S. [XXXV] - XLV Aramäisch (DE-588)4085880-7 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Qumran (DE-588)4076463-1 gnd rswk-swf Qumran (DE-588)4076463-1 g Aramäisch (DE-588)4085880-7 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Ancient Near Eastern studies Supplements 38 (DE-604)BV013685266 38 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024972359&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Muraoka, Takamitsu 1938- A grammar of Qumran Aramaic Ancient Near Eastern studies Supplements Aramäisch (DE-588)4085880-7 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4085880-7 (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)4076463-1 |
title | A grammar of Qumran Aramaic |
title_auth | A grammar of Qumran Aramaic |
title_exact_search | A grammar of Qumran Aramaic |
title_full | A grammar of Qumran Aramaic by T. Muraoka |
title_fullStr | A grammar of Qumran Aramaic by T. Muraoka |
title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Qumran Aramaic by T. Muraoka |
title_short | A grammar of Qumran Aramaic |
title_sort | a grammar of qumran aramaic |
topic | Aramäisch (DE-588)4085880-7 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
topic_facet | Aramäisch Grammatik Qumran |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024972359&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV013685266 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT muraokatakamitsu agrammarofqumranaramaic |