The economics of health and health care:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
Pearson
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | 7. ed., internat. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 602 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780132773690 0132773694 9780132954808 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The economics of health and health care |c Sherman Folland, Allen C. Goodman, Miron Stano |
| 250 | |a 7. ed., internat. ed. | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Government Regulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health Care Reform |x economics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health Policy |x economics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Insurance, Health |x economics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
Titel: The economics of health and health care
Autor: Folland, Sherman
Jahr: 2013
BRIEF CONTENTS
PART I Basic Economics Tools
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Microeconomic Tools for Health Economics 20
Chapter 3 Statistical Tools for Health Economics 48
Chapter 4 Economic Efficiency and Cost-Benefit Analysis 63
PART II Supply and Demand
Chapter 5 Production of Health 85
Chapter 6 The Production, Cost, and Technology of Health Care 105
Chapter 7 Demand for Health Capital 129
Chapter 8 Demand and Supply of Health Insurance 148
Chapter 9 Consumer Choice and Demand 173
PART III Information and Insurance Markets
Chapter 10 Asymmetric Information and Agency 195
Chapter 11 The Organization of Health Insurance Markets 210
Chapter 12 Managed Care 236
Chapter 13 Nonprofit Firms 265
PART IV Key Players in the Health Care Sector
Chapter 14 Hospitals and Long-Term Care 283
Chapter 15 The Physician's Practice 302
Chapter 16 Health Care Labor Markets and Professional Training 319
Chapter 17 The Pharmaceutical Industry 344
PART V Social Insurance
Chapter 18 Equity, Efficiency, and Need 367
Chapter 19 Government Intervention in Health Care Markets 390
Chapter 20 Government Regulation: Principal Regulatory Mechanisms 407
Chapter 21 Social Insurance 435
Chapter 22 Comparative Health Care Systems 466
Chapter 23 Health System Reform 492
PART VI Special Topics
Chapter 24 The Health Economics of Bads 513
Chapter 25 Epidemiology and Economics: HIV/AIDS in Africa 531
CONTENTS
Preface xix
Part I Basic Economics Tools
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
What Is Health Economics? 2
The Relevance of Health Economics 3
The Size and Scope of the Health Economy 3
Health Care's Share of GDP in the United States 3
Health Care Spending in Other Countries 4
Importance of the Health Economy in Personal Spending 5
Importance of Labor and Capital in the Health Economy 6
Time-The Ultimate Resource 7
The Importance Attached to Economic Problems of Health Care Delivery
Inflation 9
Access 9
Quality 9
The Economic Side to Other Health Issues 9
Economic Methods and Examples of Analysis 10
Features of Economic Analysis 10
Examples of Health Economics Analysis 11
Does Economics Apply to Health and Health Care? 12
An Example: Does Price Matter? 12
Is Health Care Different? 13
Presence and Extent of Uncertainty 13
Prominence of Insurance 13
Problems of Information 14
Large Role of Nonprofit Firms 15
Restrictions on Competition 15
Role of Equity and Need 16
Government Subsidies and Public Provision 16
Conclusions 16
Summary 17 • Discussion Questions 18 • Exercises 18
Chapter 2 Microeconomic Tools for Health Economics 20
Scarcity and the Production Possibilities Frontier 21
Practice with Supply and Demand 23
The Demand Curve and Demand Shifters 23
The Supply Curve and Supply Shifters 24
Equilibrium 25
Comparative Statics 25
IV
Contents
Functions and Curves 26
Linear Functions 27
Demand Functions 27
Derived Demand 28
Consumer Theory: Ideas Behind the Demand Curve 28
Utility 29
Indifference Curves 30
Budget Constraints 31
Consumer Equilibrium 32
Individual and Market Demands 33
Elasticities 33
Production and Market Supply 35
The Production Function 35
Production Functions 36
Isocost Curves 38
Cost Minimization or Output Maximization 39
Marginal and Average Cost Curves 40
The Firm Supply Curve Under Perfect Competition 41
Monopoly and Other Market Structures 43
Conclusions 45
Summary 45 • Discussion Questions 46 • Exercises 47
Chapter 3 Statistical Tools for Health Economics 48
Hypothesis Testing 49
Difference of Means 49
The Variance of a Distribution 50
Standard Error of the Mean 51
Hypotheses and Inferences 53
Regression Analysis 54
Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regressions 55
A Demand Regression 56
Estimating Elasticities 57
Multiple Regression Analysis 58
Interpreting Regression Coefficients 58
Dummy Variables 59
Statistical Inference in the Sciences and
Social Sciences 60
Conclusions 61
Summary 61 • Discussion Questions 61 • Exercises 62
Chapter 4 Economic Efficiency and Cost-Benefit Analysis 63
Economic Efficiency 63
Cost-Benefit Analysis: Background 66
Cost-Benefit Analysis: Basic Principles 66
Measuring Costs 67
Contents
Risk Equity Versus Equality of Marginal Costs per Life Saved 67
Marginal Analysis in CBA 68
Discounting 70
Risk Adj ustment a nd CBA 71
Distributional Adjustments 72
Inflation 72
Valuing Human Life 72
Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept 73
Contingent Valuation 73
How Valuable Is the Last Year of Life? 73
Cost-Benefit Analyses of Heart Care Treatment 75
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 76
Advantages of CEA 77
Cost-Utility Analysis, QALYs, and DALYs 77
An ACE Inhibitor Application of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 78
QALYs Revisited: Praise and Criticism 78
Are QALYs Consistent with Standard Welfare Economics? 78
Extra-Welfarism 79
Sen's Capability Approach and QALYs 79
Linearity Versus What People Think 79
The Ageism Critique of QALYs 80
Conclusions 80
Summary 81 • Discussion Questions 81 • Exercises 82
Part II Supply and Demand
Chapter 5 Production of Health 85
The Production Function of Health 85
The Historical Role of Medicine and Health Care 88
The Rising Population and the Role of Medicine 88
What Caused the Mortality Rate Declines? Was It Medicine? 89
What Lessons Are Learned from the Medical Historian? 93
The Production of Health in the Modern Day 93
Preliminary Issues 93
The Contribution of Health Care to Population Health:
The Modern Era 94
Is Health Care Worth It? 95
Prenatal Care 96
The World's Pharmacies 97
How Does Health Care Affect Other Measures of Health? 97
On the Importance of Lifestyle and Environment 98
Cigarettes, Exercise, and a Good Night's Sleep 99
The Farn i ly as Producer of Hea Ith 100
Social Capital and Health 100
Environmental Pollution 101
Income and Health 101
Contents vii
The Role of Schooling 101
Two Theories About the Role of Schooling 102
Empirical Studies on the Role of Schooling in Health 102
Conclusions 102
Summary 103 • Discussion Questions 103 • Exercises 104
Chapter 6 The Production, Cost, and Technology of Health Care 105
Production and the Possibilities for Substitution 106
Substitution 106
What Degree of Substitution Is Possible? 107
Elasticity of Substitution 107
Estimates for Hospital Care 109
Costs in Theory and Practice 109
Deriving the Cost Function 110
Cost Minimization 111
Economies of Scale and Scope 112
Why Would Economies of Scale and Scope Be Important? 113
Empirical Cost-Function Studies 114
Difficulties Faced by All Hospital Cost Studies 114
Modern Results 116
Summary: Empirical Cost Studies and Economies of Scale 116
Technical and Allocative Inefficiency 116
Technical Inefficiency 116
Allocative Inefficiency 117
Frontier Analysis 118
The Uses of Hospital Efficiency Studies 119
For-Profit Versus Nonprofit Hospitals 120
Efficiency and Hospital Quality 120
Are Hospital Frontier Efficiency Studies Reliable? 120
Performance-Based Budgeting 121
Technological Changes and Costs 121
Technological Change: Cost Increasing or Decreasing? 121
Health Care Price Increases When Technological Change Occurs 122
Diffusion of New Health Care Technologies 124
Who Adopts and Why? 124
Other Factors That May Affect Adoption Rates 125
Diffusion of Technology and Managed Care 126
Conclusions 126
Summary 126 • Discussion Questions 127 • Exercises 127
Chapter 7 Demand for Health Capital 129
The Demand for Health 129
The Consumer as Health Producer 129
Time Spent Producing Health 130
Labor-Leisure Trade-Offs 131
Trading Leisure for Wages 132
Preferences Between Leisure and Income 132
Contents
The Investment/Consumption Aspects of Health 133
Production of Healthy Days 133
Production of Health and Home Goods 134
Investment over Time 135
The Cost of Capital 135
The Demand for Health Capital 136
Marginal Efficiency of Investment and Rate of Return 136
The Decreasing MEI 136
Changes in Equilibrium: Age, Wage, and Education 137
Age 137
Wage Rate 138
Education 139
Empirical Analyses Using Grossman's Model 139
Obesity-The Deterioration of Health Capital 141
An Economic Treatment of Obesity 142
Economic Effects 143
Why Has Obesity Increased? 144
Conclusions 145
Summary 146 • Discussion Questions 146 • Exercises 146
Chapter 8 Demand and Supply of Health Insurance 148
What Is Insurance? 148
Insurance Versus Social Insurance 149
Insurance Terminology 149
Risk and Insurance 150
Expected Value 150
Marginal Utility of Wealth and Risk Aversion 151
Purchasing Insurance 152
The Demand for Insurance 153
How Much Insurance? 153
Changes in Premiums 155
Changes in Expected Loss 155
Changes in Wealth 156
The Supply of Insurance 157
Competition and Normal Profits 157
The Case of Moral Hazard 159
Demand for Care and Moral Hazard 159
Effects of Coinsurance and Deductibles 162
Health Insurance and the Efficient Allocation of Resources 162
The Impact of Coinsurance 162
The Demand for Insurance and the Price of Care 166
The Welfare Loss of Excess Health Insurance 167
The Income Transfer Effects of Insurance 168
Conclusions 170
Summary 170 • Discussion Questions 171 • Exercises 171
Contents ix
Chapter 9 Consumer Choice and Demand 173
Applying the Standard Budget Constraint Model 174
The Consumer's Equilibrium 175
Demand Shifters 176
Health Status and Demand 178
Two Additional Demand Shifters-Time and Coinsurance 178
The Role of Time 178
The Role of Coinsurance 180
Issues in Measuring Health Care Demand 182
Individual and Market Demand Functions 182
Measurement and Definitions 183
Differences in the Study Populations 183
Data Sources 183
Experimental and Nonexperimental Data 184
Empirical Measurements of Demand Elasticities 184
Price Elasticities 184
Individual Income Elasticities 185
Income Elasticities Across Countries 186
Insurance Elasticities 187
Impacts of Insurance on Aggregate Expenditures 189
Other Variables Affecting Demand 189
Ethnicity and Gender 189
Urban Versus Rural 190
Education 190
Age, Health Status, and Uncertainty 191
Conclusions 191
Summary 192 • Discussion Questions 193 • Exercises 193
Part III Information and Insurance Markets
Chapter 10 Asymmetric Information and Agency 195
Overview of Information Issues 196
Asymmetric Information 196
On the Extent of Information Problems in the Health
Sector 196
Asymmetric Information in the Used-Car Market: The Lemons
Principle 198
Application of the Lemons Principle: Health Insurance 199
Inefficiencies of Adverse Selection 200
Experience Rating and Adverse Selection 201
The Agency Relationship 202
Agency and Health Care 202
Consumer Information, Prices, and Quality 203
Consumer Information and Prices 203
Contents
Consumer Information and Quality 204
Other Quality Indicators 206
Conclusions 207
Summary 208 • Discussion Questions 208 • Exercises 209
Chapter 11 The Organization of Health Insurance Markets 210
Loading Costs and the Behavior of Insurance Firms 210
Impacts of Loading Costs 211
Insurance for Heart Attacks and Hangnails 212
Loading Costs and the Uninsured 212
Employer Provision of Health Insurance: Who Pays? 212
Spousal Coverage: Who Pays? 215
How the Tax System Influences Health Insurance Demand 215
Who Pays the Compensating Differentials?-Empirical Tests 217
Other Impacts of Employer Provision of Health Insurance 218
Employer-Based Health Insurance and Labor Supply 219
Health Insurance and Retirement 219
Health Insurance and Mobility 219
The Market for Insurance 221
The Market for Private Insurance 221
Insurance Practices 222
The Past 30 Years 223
The Uninsured: An Analytical Framework 224
The Working Uninsured 227
The Impacts of Mandated Coverage 229
Technological Change, Higher Costs, and Inflation 230
The Cost-Increasing Bias Hypothesis 231
Goddeeris's Model-Innovative Change over Time 231
Evidence on Technological Change and Inflation 233
Conclusions 233
Summary 234 • Discussion Questions 234 • Exercises 235
Chapter 12 Managed Care 236
What Is the Organizational Structure? 237
What Are the Economic Characteristics? 238
The Emergence of Managed Care Plans 239
Employer-Sponsored Managed Care 240
Medicaid and Medicare Managed Care Plans 242
Managed Care Contracts with Physicians 242
Managed Care Contracts with Hospitals 243
Development and Growth of Managed Care-Why Did It Take
So Long? 244
Federal Policy and the Growth of Managed Care 244
The Economics of Managed Care 245
Contents xi
Modeling Managed Care 246
Modeling Individual HMOs 246
How Much Care? 247
What Types of Care? 247
Framework for Prediction 248
Where Managed Care Differs from FFS-Dumping, Creaming, and
Skimping 248
Equilibrium and Adverse Selection in a Market with HMOs 249
How Does Managed Care Differ?-Empirical Results 251
Methodological Issues-Selection Bias and
Quality of Care 251
Comparative Utilization and Costs 252
The RAND Study-A Randomized Experiment 252
Recent Evidence 252
Growth in Spending 255
Competitive Effects 256
Theoretical Issues 256
Managed Care Competition in Hospital Markets 257
Managed Care Competition in Insurance Markets 258
Managed Care and Technological Change 259
The Managed Care Backlash 259
Conclusions 262
Summary 262 • Discussion Questions 263 • Exercises 264
Chapter 13 Nonprofit Firms 265
An Introduction to Nonprofits 265
Why Nonprofits Exist and Why They Are Prevalent in Health Care 266
Nonprofits as Providers of Unmet Demands for Public Goods 266
The Public Good-Private Good Aspect of Donations 267
Relevance to Health Care Markets 268
Nonprofits as a Response to Contract Failure 269
Applications of Contract Failure to Health Care 269
Financial Matters and the Nonprofit 270
Summary of the Reasons for the Prevalence
of Nonprofits 270
Models of Nonprofit Hospital Behavior 270
The Quality-Quantity Nonprofit Theory 271
The Profit-Deviating Nonprofit Hospital 272
The Hospital as a Physicians' Cooperative 274
Maximizing Net Revenue per Physician 274
A Comparison of the Quantity-Quality and the Physicians'
Cooperative Theories 275
The Evidence: Do Nonprofit Hospitals Differ from For-Profit
Hospitals? 276
Contents
Summary of Models of Hospital Behavior 279
What Causes Conversion of Nonprofits into For-Profits? 279
The Relative Efficiency of Nonprofits Versus For-Profits 280
Are Nonprofit Health Care Firms Less Technically or Allocatively
Efficient?-Hospital and Nursing Home Studies 280
Conclusions 281
Summary 281 • Discussion Questions 282 • Exercises 282
Part IV Key Players in the Health Care Sector
Chapter 14 Hospitals and Long-Term Care 283
Background and Overview of Hospitals 283
History 284
Organization 285
Regulation and Accreditation 286
Hospital Utilization and Costs 286
Competition and Costs 287
Closures, Mergers, and Restructuring 291
Quality of Care 293
Nursing Homes 294
Background and Costs 294
Quality of Care 295
Excess Demand 296
Financing Long-Term Care 297
Hospice, Home Health, and Informal Care 298
Conclusions 299
Summary 299 • Discussion Questions 300 • Exercises 301
Chapter 15 The Physician's Practice 302
A Benchmark Model of the Physician's Practice 303
Do Physicians Respond to Financial Incentives? 305
Physician Agency and Supplier-Induced Demand 305
Modeling Supplier-Induced Demand 306
The Target Income Hypothesis 306
The Benchmark Model as a Synthesis 308
The Parallel Between Inducement and
Marketing 309
What Do the Data Say About Supplier-Induced Demand? 309
Physician Fees, Fee Tests, and Fee Controls 309
Diffusion of Information and Small Area Variations 311
Contributions to These Variations 311
The Physician Practice Style Hypothesis 312
Multiple Regression Approaches 313
SAV and the Social Cost of Inappropriate Utilization 313
Other SAV Applications 315
Contents xiii
Other Physician Issues and Policy Puzzles 315
Malpractice 315
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Drugs 316
Paying for Outcomes 316
Conclusions 317
Summary 317 • Discussion Questions 318 • Exercises 318
Chapter 16 Health Care Labor Markets and Professional
Training 319
The Demand for and Supply of Health Care Labor 319
Production Functions and Isoquants 320
Marginal Productivity of Labor 321
Factor Substitution and Labor Demand 322
The Supply of Labor 322
Factor Productivity and Substitution Among Factors 324
Measurement of Physician Productivity 324
The Efficient Utilization of Physician Assistants: Substitution
Among Inputs 324
Health Manpower Availability and the Meaning of Shortages 325
Availability of Physicians 326
Economic Definitions of Shortages of Health Professionals 327
The Role of Monopsony Power: Shortages of Registered Nurses 330
Medical Education Issues and the Question of Control 332
Sources of Medical School Revenues 332
Capital Market Imperfections Justify Subsidies 332
Teaching Hospitals, Medical Schools, and Joint Production 333
Foreign Medical School Graduates 334
The Control of Medical Education 335
Control over Entry 335
Licensure and Monopoly Rents 336
Licensure and Quality 338
Other Physician Labor Issues 339
Specialization 339
Physician Income by Gender 340
Conclusions 341
Summary 341 • Discussion Questions 342 • Exercises 343
Chapter 17 The Pharmaceutical Industry 344
Structure and Regulation 346
Competition 346
Barriers to Entry 347
Regulation 349
The Production of Health and Substitutability 350
Least-Cost Production 351
Contents
Insurance and Substitutability 352
Technological Change 353
Drug Pricing and Profits 354
Monopoly Pricing 354
Price Discrimination 355
Monopsony Pricing and Price Controls 356
Competition and Generic Entry 357
Research and Development (R D) and Innovation 357
Investment Decisions 358
R D Spending 359
Firm Size and Innovation 360
Prices, Price Regulation, and Innovation 360
Cost Containment 361
Copayments 361
Generic Substitutes 362
Drug Formularies 363
New Drugs and Health Care Spending 363
Conclusions 364
Summary 365 • Discussion Questions 365 • Exercises 366
Part V Social Insurance
Chapter 18 Equity, Efficiency, and Need 367
Efficiency and Competitive Markets 368
The Concept of Pareto Efficiency (Optimality) 368
Trading Along the Budget Line 369
The Competitive Equilibrium 370
The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics 371
Redistribution of the Endowment 371
Price Discrimination 372
Trade-offs Between Equity and Efficiency 372
Deviations from the Competitive Model in the
Health Care Sector 373
The Assumptions Under Perfect Competition 373
Promoting Competition in the Health Care Sector 374
The Theorem of the Second Best 374
An Economic Efficiency Rationale for Social Health
Insurance 375
Need and Need-Based Distributions 376
Health Care Needs and the Social Welfare Function 377
Norman Daniels's Concept of Health Care Need 381
Economic Criticisms of Need-Based Distributions 382
Horizontal Equity and Need 382
Theories of Social Justice 385
Contents xv
Utilitarianism 385
Rawls and Justice as Fairness 385
Liberalism, Classical and Modern 386
Conclusions 387
Summary 388 • Discussion Questions 388 • Exercises 389
Chapter 19 Government Intervention in Health Care Markets 390
Economic Rationale for Government Intervention 390
Monopoly Power 391
Public Goods 392
Externalities 394
Other Rationales for Government Intervention 394
Forms of Government Intervention 395
Commodity Taxes and Subsidies 395
Public Provision 396
Transfer Programs 398
Regulation 398
Government Involvement in Health Care Markets 398
Support of Hospitals 399
The Hill-Burton Act 399
Department of Veterans Affairs and Department
of Defense 400
Food and Drug Administration 400
Mandated Health Insurance Benefits 400
Tax Policy 401
Public Health 401
Other Government Programs 401
Government Failure 402
Who Does the Regulator Represent? 403
Bureaucracy and Efficiency 404
Conclusions 405
Summary 405 • Discussion Questions 406 • Exercises 406
Chapter 20 Government Regulation: Principal Regulatory Mechanisms 407
Do the Laws of Supply and Demand Apply? 407
Objectives of Regulation 409
Regulatory Policy 409
Regulatory Instruments in Health Care 409
Regulation of the Hospital Sector 410
Empirical Findings on Regulation 410
Prospective Payment 412
Description of PPS 412
The Theory of Yardstick Competition and DRGs 413
On the Effects of Medicare's Prospective Payment System 417
Contents
Regulation of Physician Payment 423
UCR Reimbursement, Assignment, and Alternative Payment
Mechanisms 424
Relative Value Scales 424
Antitrust 426
Enforcement 426
Exemptions 426
Measuring Monopoly Power 427
Antitrust Procedures 429
The Elzinga-Hogarty (EH) Criterion 430
Conclusions 432
Summary 432 • Discussion Questions 433 • Exercises 433
Chapter 21 Social Insurance 435
Social Insurance Policies and Social Programs 435
Program Features 436
Historical Roots of Social Insurance 437
European Beginnings 437
Early Experience in the United States 438
The Establishment of Medicare and Medicaid 438
The Patient Protection and Affordabe Care Act (PPACA)
of 2010 439
Medicare and Medicaid in the United States 440
Medicare 440
Part D Prescription Drug Insurance 442
Medicaid 445
Medicaid Eligibility 446
The Medicaid-Medicare Relationship 449
Medicare and Medicaid: Conflicting Incentives for
Long-Term Care 449
Children's Health Insurance Program-CHIP 450
Public Insurance and Health 451
The Effects of Medicare and Medicaid 454
Costs and Inflation 455
Health Status 458
Medicare: Recent Changes and Future Prospects 459
Criticisms of the U.S. Health Care System 462
Conclusions 463
Summary 464 • Discussion Questions 464 • Exercises 465
Chapter 22 Comparative Health Care Systems 466
Contemporary Health Care Systems 466
A Typology of Contemporary Health Care Systems 466
The United Kingdom-The National Health Service 467
The National Health Service 469
Contents xvii
China-An Emerging System 473
The Canadian Health Care System 476
Background 476
Physician Fees and Quantity 478
Why Are Fees and Hospital Costs Lower in Canada? 479
Administrative Costs 479
A Comparison 481
Different Systems: The Public's Evaluation 484
Differences in Health Care Spending Across Countries 487
A Model of Health Expenditure Shares 487
Conclusions 489
Summary 490 • Discussion Questions 491 • Exercises 491
Chapter 23 Health System Reform 492
Goals of Reform 492
Basic Issues in Reform 493
The Costs of Universal Coverage 494
Ensuring Access to Care 495
Employer Versus Individual Mandates 495
Separation of Health Insurance from Employment 496
Single Payer Versus Multiple Insurers 497
Competitive Strategies 498
Development of Alternative Delivery Systems 499
Consumer-Directed Health Plans and Health Savings Accounts 499
Other Market Reforms 500
Representation of the Competitive Approach 501
Health System Reform and International Competitiveness 502
Quality of Care 504
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 505
Conclusions 510
Summary 510 • Discussion Questions 511 • Exercises 512
Part VI Special Topics
Chapter 24 The Health Economics of Bads 513
An Introduction to Bads 514
Models of Add iction 516
Imperfectly Rational Addiction Models 516
Myopic Addiction Models 516
Rational Addiction 517
Rationales for Public Intervention 519
Other Interventions 520
Advertising Restrictions on Cigarettes and Alcohol 520
The Possible Effects of Brand Switching 522
Contents
Increased Demand or Brand Switching? 522
Advertising and Alcohol Consumption 523
Excise Taxes and Consumption of Cigarettes and Alcohol 523
The Consumption-Reducing Effects of Excise Taxes in Theory 524
Excise Taxes and Cigarette Consumption in Practice 524
Excise Taxes and Alcohol Consumption 527
Conclusions 528
Summary 529 • Discussion Questions 529 • Exercises 530
Chapter 25 Epidemiology and Economics: HIV/AIDS in Africa 531
Concepts from Epidemiology 531
Economic Epidemiology 534
Rational Epidemics 534
The Prevalence Elasticity of Demand for Prevention 535
The Economic Consequences of Epidemics 535
The Difficulty of Eradicating Diseases 537
Information 537
The Role of Government in Battling Epidemics 538
Case Study: HIV/AIDS in Africa 539
HIV/AIDS 539
Costs of AIDS 540
Fighting AIDS 543
Economic Theory and African Reality 545
Conclusions 547
Summary 547 • Discussion Questions 548 • Exercises 548
Glossary 549
References 556
Name Index 590
Subject Index 595 |
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| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 338.4/73621 |
| dewey-search | 338.4/73621 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.4 573621 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften Medizin |
| edition | 7. ed., internat. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV040109516 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-13T13:01:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780132773690 0132773694 9780132954808 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2011053121 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024965881 |
| oclc_num | 794294559 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-2070s DE-578 DE-1050 DE-83 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-2070s DE-578 DE-1050 DE-83 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XXII, 602 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Pearson |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Folland, Sherman T. Verfasser (DE-588)170705749 aut The economics of health and health care Sherman Folland, Allen C. Goodman, Miron Stano 7. ed., internat. ed. Boston [u.a.] Pearson 2013 XXII, 602 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Economics, Medical Government Regulation Health Care Reform economics Health Policy economics Insurance, Health economics Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4020775-4 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheitspolitik (DE-588)4113743-7 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 s Gesundheitspolitik (DE-588)4113743-7 s 1\p DE-604 Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 s 2\p DE-604 Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4020775-4 s 3\p DE-604 Goodman, Allen C. 1947- Sonstige (DE-588)111468906 oth Stano, Miron Sonstige (DE-588)170509540 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024965881&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Folland, Sherman T. The economics of health and health care Economics, Medical Government Regulation Health Care Reform economics Health Policy economics Insurance, Health economics Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4020775-4 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd Gesundheitspolitik (DE-588)4113743-7 gnd Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020775-4 (DE-588)4020754-7 (DE-588)4113743-7 (DE-588)4130935-2 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | The economics of health and health care |
| title_auth | The economics of health and health care |
| title_exact_search | The economics of health and health care |
| title_full | The economics of health and health care Sherman Folland, Allen C. Goodman, Miron Stano |
| title_fullStr | The economics of health and health care Sherman Folland, Allen C. Goodman, Miron Stano |
| title_full_unstemmed | The economics of health and health care Sherman Folland, Allen C. Goodman, Miron Stano |
| title_short | The economics of health and health care |
| title_sort | the economics of health and health care |
| topic | Economics, Medical Government Regulation Health Care Reform economics Health Policy economics Insurance, Health economics Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4020775-4 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd Gesundheitspolitik (DE-588)4113743-7 gnd Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Economics, Medical Government Regulation Health Care Reform economics Health Policy economics Insurance, Health economics Gesundheitswesen Gesundheit Gesundheitspolitik Gesundheitsökonomie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024965881&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT follandshermant theeconomicsofhealthandhealthcare AT goodmanallenc theeconomicsofhealthandhealthcare AT stanomiron theeconomicsofhealthandhealthcare |