Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države: od knežinske do opštinske samouprave
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beograd
Balkanološki Inst.
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Posebna izdanja / Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanološki Institut
114 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | PST: The origins of local government and the development of the modern Serbian state. - In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 642 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788671790727 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Svirčević, Miroslav |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države |b od knežinske do opštinske samouprave |c Miroslav Svirčević |
| 264 | 1 | |a Beograd |b Balkanološki Inst. |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a 642 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Posebna izdanja / Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanološki Institut |v 114 | |
| 500 | |a PST: The origins of local government and the development of the modern Serbian state. - In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1800-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kommunale Selbstverwaltung |0 (DE-588)4073644-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Serbien |0 (DE-588)4054598-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Kommunale Selbstverwaltung |0 (DE-588)4073644-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1800-2000 |A z |
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| 810 | 2 | |a Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanološki Institut |t Posebna izdanja |v 114 |w (DE-604)BV000007645 |9 114 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958260&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958260&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805070634018930688 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
САДРЖАЈ
УВОД
1.
Територијални зачетак
модерне
Србије
. 14
1.1.
Образовање
и
трајање Београдског пашалука
. 15
2.
Етапе
еволуције локалних
органа
управе у
модерној Србији
. 16
3.
Теоријско разграничење појмова
из сфере
организовања државне
власти
. 19
Глава І
КНЕЖИНСКА
И
СЕОСКА
САМОУПРАВА У
СРБИЈИ
XVIII
ВЕКА
1.
Миграције
и демографска
слика Србије
у
XVIII
веку
. 23
2.
Установе патријархалног друштва:
кнежинска
и сеоска
самоуправа.
27
3.
Кнежинска
и сеоска самоуправа у
Србији
под
аустријском
влашћу
1718-1739.
године
. 30
4.
Кнежинска и сеоска самоуправа под османском
влашћу
1739-1788.
године
. 33-
4.1.
Кнежинска самоуправа
. 34
4.2.
Питање порекла
и сродности кнежина и племена
. 37
4.3.
Сеоска самоуправа
. 41
5.
Кнежинска и сеоска самоуправа под османском
влашћу
1791-1801.
године
. 43
5.1.
Обавезе
Високе
порте премачлану
10.
Свиштовскогмира.
. . 43
5.2.
Реформе
Високе
порте и султана Селима
III
. 46
5.3.
Српски покрет за
аутономију
у Османском царству
. 48
. 6.
Повластице Срба на основу
фермана
султана Селима
III
. 50
Глава
II
ЛОКАЛНА
УПРАВА ПОД ВОЖДОМ
КАРАЂОРЂЕМ
1.
Буна
на
дахије
и
појава
новог старешинског
слоја
у
Србији
. 53
2.
Однос
између
нових
и
старих народних старешина
. 55
3.
Изградња
врховне и локалне власти устаничке државе
. 56
4.
Локална
управа у
устаничкој држави
. 73
Глава
III
ЛОКАЛНА
УПРАВА ЗА ПРВЕ ВЛАДАВИНЕ КНЕЗА МИЛОША
1.
Други
српски устанак и настанак мешовите српско-турске
управе
1815.
године
. 77
2.
Изградња
српске управе и
јачање
власти кнеза Милоша
. 81
2.1.
Сламање
отпора
великих
народних старешина
. 84
2.2.
Потчињавање нахијских
и
кнежинских кнезова
. 88
2.3.
Сузбијање хајдучије
. 89
2.4.
Сламање
народних
буна.
91
3.
Характер управе кнеза Милоша у
раздобљу
1815-1830.
године
. 92
4.
Књажество Србија
као вазална држава
1830-1839.
године
. 92
4.1.
Султански хатишерифи од
1830.
и
1833.
године
. 92
4.2.
Владавина кнеза Милоша и
организација локалне
управе
1830-1835.
године
. 95
4.2.1.
Владавина кнеза Милоша
1830-1835.
године
. 95
4.2.2.
Организаций локалне управе
1830-1835.
године
. 97
4.2.3.
Језик
у администрации Кнежевине
Србије
. 99
5.
Сретењски
устав од
1835.
године и
локална
управа
. 100
5.1.
Карактеристике и
садржај
Устава
. 100
5.2.
Положај
локалне управе према
Сретењском
уставу
. 104
5.3.
Важење Сретењског
устава
. 105
5.4.
Управителни
(Књажески) совјет
и локална управа
1835-1838.
године.
106
6.
Турски устав од
1838.
године и
абдикација
кнеза Милоша
. 108
6.1.
Околности
доношења
Турског устава
. 108
6.2.
Основна
решења
Турског устава
о
централној
и
локалној
управи
.
ПО
6.3.
Први законодавни
акти на
основу Турског устава
. 112
7.
Абдикација
кнеза Милоша
1839.
године
. 113
Глава
IV
ЛОКАЛНА
УПРАВА ЗА ВЛАДАВИНЕ
УСТАВОБРАНИТЕЉА
1.
Политичке прилике у
Србији
после
абдикације
кнеза Милоша
. . 117
2.
Уставобранитељски
програм
и
локална
управа
. 119
3.
Уставобранитељски
закони
о
локалној
управи
. 122
3.1.
Закон о
устројству
окружних начелстава
и главним
дужностима среских начелника
1839.
године
. 123
3.2.
Закон о
устројству
општина од
1839.
године
. 127
3.3.
Циљеви уставобранитељских
закона о
локалној
управи
. 132
4.
Борба
кнеза и
Совјета
и
пад
уставобранитељског
режима
. 134
Глава
V
ЛОКАЛНА
УПРАВА ЗА ДРУГЕ ВЛАДАВИНЕ КНЕЗА МИЛОША
И КНЕЗА МИХАИЛА
1.
Локална
управа за друге владе кнеза Милоша
1859-1860.
године
139
2.
Кнез
Михайло
и
његова владалачка идеологија
. 143
2.1.
Прихватање
начела Вукове
књижевнојезичке
реформе
у администрации
. 146
3.
Преуређење централних
органа власти за друге владавине
кнеза Михаила
. 147
3.1.
Закон
о
Народној
скупштини од
1861.
године
. 148
3.2.
Закон о
устројству Државног совјета
од
1861.
године
. 151
3.3.
Закон о
устројству
народне
војске
од
1861.
године
. 153
3.4.
Закон о чиновницима
грађанског
реда
од
1861.
године
. 153
3.5.
Закон о
устројству
Централне управе у
Књажеству Србији
од
1863.
одине
. 154
4.
Реформа локалне управе
. 155
4.1.
Закон о
устројству
општина од
1866.
године
. 155
4.1.1.
Опште одредбе
. 156
4.1.2.
Општински
органи
и
њихова овлашћења.
156
4.1.3.
Надзорна власт
. 160
4.1.4.
Прелазне и завршне одредбе
. 161
4.1.5.
Критике
законских
решења
. 161
4.2.
Закон
о томе,
која
су места
у
Србији
окружне вароши,
варошице,
a
која
села од
1866.
године
. 164
5.
Крај
владавине кнеза Михайла
1868.
године
. 154
Глава
VI
ЛОКАЛНА
УПРАВА ЗА
ВРЕМЕ
ДРУГОГ КНЕЖЕВСКОГ НАМЕСНИШТВА
И ВЛАДЕ
ЉУБОМИРА КАЉЕВИЋА
1.
Политичке
прилике
у
Србији
и Друго
кнежевско намесништво
1868-1872.
године.
167
2.
Намеснички устав од
1869.
године и намеснички
режим
. 168
2.1.
Околности
доношења
Намесничког
устава и карактер
система
власти
. 170
2.2.
Карактеристике
и
садржај
Намесничког
устава
. 179
2.3.
Реакције
на
доношење
Намесничког
устава
. 183
3.
Локална
управа за
време
Другог кнежевског
намесништва
1868-1872.
године
. 188
3.1.
Предлози
за
увођење
окружне
самоуправе
. 190
3.2.
Предлози
за
увођење општинске
самоуправе
. 192
4.
Локална
управа за
време младоконзервативне
владе
Љубомира Каљевића.
194
4.1.
Измене и допуне Закона о
устројству
општина
од
1875.
године
. 196
5.
Црвени
барјак
1875.
године
. 199
Глава
VII
ПОКРЕТ
СВЕТОЗАРА
МАРКОВИЋА
ЗА ЛОКАЛНУ САМОУПРАВУ
1.
Појава
Светозара
Марковића
у политичком животу
Србије
. 207
2.
Расправе о
политичкој делатности
и
идејама
Светозара
Марковића
. 211
3.
Суштина
залагања
Светозара
Марковића
за
социјално-политичке
промене
. 219
4.
Програм
Светозара
Марковића
за
преуређење
државног
устројства Србије
. 224
4.1.
Прва
фаза: самоуправна општина као основа
правно-политичког
уређења
државе
. 226
4.2.
Друга
фаза: самоуправни срез
као основа правно-политичког
уређења
државе
. 227
4.3.
Трећа
фаза: самоуправни округ као основа правно-политичког
уређења
државе
. 230
5.
Критички осврт на програм
Светозара
Марковића
за правно-политичко
преуређење
државе
. 231
Глава
VIII
СЕЉАЧКИ
ПОКРЕТ АДАМА
БОГОСАВЉЕВИЋА
ЗА ЛОКАЛНУ САМОУПРАВУ
1.
Сељачки
пут Адама
Богосављевића
. 235
2.
Сељачка (народњачка) идеологија
Адама
Богосављевића
. 238
3.
Скупштинско деловање Адама Богосављевића
и
његове
посланичке групе
. 242
4.
Критички
осврт на програм Адама
Богосављевиђа
за
преуређење
државе
. 253
Глава
IX
ЛОКАЛНА
УПРАВА ПОСЛЕ
СТИЦАЊА
ДРЖАВНЕ
НЕЗАВИСНОСТИ
СРБИЈЕ
(1878-1883)
1.
Политичке
прилике у
Србији
после Берлинског
конгреса
1878.
године.
257
2.
Скупштински
избори
1878.
године и наставак
борбе за локалну самоуправу
. 261
3.
Организација
локалне управе у
Новим
крајевима Србије
. 267
3.1.
Турска управа пред српско-турске ратове
1876-1878.
године
268
3.2.
Уређивање
нових локалних
органа власти
. 270
3.2.1.
Привремена
организација
власти
. 272
3.2.2.
Организација
власти према
Закону о привременом
управном
подељењу ослобођених
предела
од
1878.
године
. . 278
3.2.3.
Утврђивање сталне организације
власти у
Новим
крајевима
281
3.2.3.1.
Расправе поводом
уређивања
начина
избора општинских
власти у
Новим
крајевима.
283
3.3.
Уређивање
аграрних односа у Новим
крајевима
. 290
3.4.
Ратне
миграције
1876-1878.
године и
почетак
насељавања
Нових
крајева
. 294
3.4.1.
Формирање општина
у
насељеничким подручјима
Топличког
округа
. 302
4.
Пад
владе Јована Ристића
и
долазак напредњака
на власт.
303
Глава
X
ЛОКАЛНА УПРАВА И
САМОУПРАВА У ПРОГРАМИМА СРПСКИХ
ПОЛИТИЧКИХ СТРАНАКА
1881-1903.
ГОДИНЕ
1.
Оснивање
политичких странака у
Србији
после
стицања
независности
. 307
2.
Либерали и локална
управа
. 309
3.
Напредњаци
и локална
управа
. 313
4.
Радикали
и локална
самоуправа
. 328
4.1.
Извори
идеологије
и програма
Народне
радикалне
странке
. . 338
4.2.
Програмска начела
Народне
радикалне странке од
1881.
године
346
5.
Програмски акт Раше
Милошевића
о
локалној
самоуправи
. 347
5.1.
Општа
разматрања
. 345
5.2.
Народ у срезу
. 349
5.3.
Среска скупштина
. 349
5.4.
Срески
надзорни одбор
. 351
5.5.
Среска управа
. 352
5.6.
Општинска
власт
. 352
5.7.
Кључни
аргументи
у
пројекту
Раше
Милошевића
. 353
Глава
XI
УСТАВНО
И ЗАКОНСКО
УРЕЂИВАЊЕ
ЛОКАЛНЕ УПРАВЕ
И САМОУПРАВЕ У
РАЗДОБЉУ
1883-1894.
ГОДИНЕ
1.
Тимочка
буна
1883.
године и промене у
локалној
управи.
357
2.
Закон о изменама и допунама у Закону о
устројству општина
и општинских власти од
1884.
године
. 360
3.
Локална
самоуправа према Уставу од
1888.
године
. 362
3.1.
Политичке прилике у
Србији
пред
доношење
Устава
. 362
3.2.
Припрема и
доношење
Устава
. 364
3.3.
Анализа
уставних
решења
о
локалној
самоуправи
. 366
4.
Закон о општинама од
1889.
године
. 374
4.1.
Скупштинска
дебата
поводом
доношења
Закона
. 374
4.2.
Анализа законских
решења
. 367
4.3.
Практична примена Закона
. 383
4.3.1.
Пратећиопшти
акти
за примену Закона
. 384
4.3.2.
Примери практичног
функционисања
општинских органа
389
4.3.3.
Приходи и расходи општина у
1890, 1891.
и
1892.
години
391
4.4.
Значај
Закона у
изградњи општинске
самоуправе
. 398
5.
Закон о
уређењу
округа и срезова од
1890.
године
и
његове новеле
. 400
5.1.
Скупштинска
дебата
поводом Предлога закона
о
уређењу
округа и срезова
. 400
5.2.
Анализа законских
решења
. 404
5.3.
Практична примена Закона
. 411
5.3.1.
Пратећиопшти
акти за
примену Закона
. 411
5.3.2.
Примери
практичног
функционисања
окружне
самоуправе
414
5.3.3.
Приходи и расходи
окружне
самоуправе до
стављања
Закона ван снаге
. 416
5.4.
Значај
Закона у
изградњи
окружне
и среске самоуправе
. . 418
Глава
XII
ЛОКАЛНА
УПРАВА ЗА ВЛАДАВИНЕ АЛЕКСАНДРА
ОБРЕНОВИЋА
1.
Политичке прилике у
Србији
1889-1893.
године
. 421
2.
Локална
управа
1893-1897.
године
. 425
3.
Локална
управа
1897-1900.
године
. 431
4.
Закон о
изменама и допунама у Закону о општинама
од
1898.
године
. 433
5.
Закон о
окружним
и среским скупштинама од
1898.
године
. 435
6.
Политична
превирања
поводом женидбе
краља
Александра
1900.
године
. 438
7.
Устав од
1901.
године и
локална
у права
. 439
7.1.
Околности
доношења
Устава
. 440
7.2.
„Фузија" напредњака
и радикала поводом
доношења
Устава
. 444
8.
Закон о општинама од
1902.
године
. 446
9.
Крај владавине краља
Александра
Обреновића
1903.
године.
. 451
Глава
XIII
ЛОКАЛНА
САМОУПРАВА ЗА ВЛАДАВИНЕ ПЕТРА
I
КАРАЂОРЂЕВИЋА
ДО БАЛКАНСКИХ РАТОВА
1.
Образование Владе после убиства
краља
Александра
Обреновића
и
њени
прогласи.
455
2.
Устав од
1903.
године и
локална
самоуправа
. 458
3.
Локална
управа и самоуправа у програмима политичких странака
у
раздобљу
1903-1914.
године
. 471
3.1.
Самостална
радикална странка и локална
самоуправа
. 472
3.2.
Народна
(Либерална)
и Либерално-демократска странка
и
локална
управа
. 475
3.3.
Напредна
странка и
локална
управа и самоуправа
. 478
3.4.
Комунални
програм
Српске
социјал-демократске странке.
. . 480
3.5.
Мање политичке
странке и
локална
управа
. 483
4.
Враћање
на
снагу
Закона о општинама од
1902.
године,
његове новеле
и практична примена
. 485
4.1.
Новеле Закона извршене
1903.
године
. 485
4.2.
Новеле Закона извршене
1904.
године
. 489
4.3.
Новеле Закона извршене
1905.
године
. 489
4.4.
Практична примена новелираних одредаба Закона
. 491
4.4.1.
Жалбе на
избор
општинских органа власти
. 492
4.4.2.
Сукоби политичких противника током општинских
избора
495
4.4.3.
Интервенције министара унутрашњих
дела поводом
сукоба током општинских
избора
. 497
" 4.5.
Новеле Закона извршене
1909.
године
. 501
4.5.1.
Практична примена новелираних одредаба Закона.
. . . 503
5.
Закон о
уређењу
округа и срезова од
1905.
године
. 506
5.1.
Новеле Закона извршене
1909.
и
1910.
године
. 512
5.2.
Практична примена новелираних одредаба Закона
. 514
6.
Карактер локалне самоуправе у
раздобљу
1903-1914.
године
. . . 516
6.1.
Карактер општинске самоуправе
. 516
6.2.
Карактер
окружне
самоуправе
. 522
Глава
XIV
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈА ЛОКАЛНЕ
УПРАВЕ У
ОБЛАСТИМА
ОСЛОБОЂЕНИМ
У
БАЛКАНСКИМ РАТОВИМА
1.
Политичке прилике на Балкану уочи Балканских ратова
. 525
2.
Османска
управа пред Балканске ратове
. 528
2.1.
Организација вилајета.
529
2.2.
Организација санџака
. 530
2.3.
Организација казе
. 531
2.4.
Организација мудирлука (нахије)
. 531
2.5.
Организација беледије
. 532
2.6.
Организације јафте
. 533
3.
Организација
и карактер османске управе у Косовском
вилајету
. 533
4.
Етничко-верска
и привредна структура
Старе
Србије
и
Македоније
. 535
5.
Балкански ратови
1912-1913.
године
. 540
5.1.
Први
балкански рат
1912.
године
. 540
5.2.
Други балкански рат
1913.
године
. 541
6.
Сукоб
војних
и цивилних власти
поводом
организације
управе
у
новоослобођеним областима
. 542
7.
Организација
локалне управе у
новоослобођеним
областима
. . . 546
7.1.
Изградња привремене
управе
. 547
7.2.
Примена Уредбе о
уређењу ослобођених
предела од
1912.
године
549
7.3.
Примена Уредбе о
уређењу ослобођених
области од
1913.
године
552
7.4.
Прогласи
краља
Петра
I
Карађорђевића
од
1913.
године
. 556
7.5.
Предлог закона о
присаједињењу
Старе
Србије Краљевини
Србији
и
управи у
њој
од
1913.
године
. 556
7.6.
Примена
Устава и
прописа
Краљевине
Србије
у
новоослобођеним
областима.
558
ЗАКЉУЧЦИ
. 561
SAMMARY.
581
Извори
. 595
Литература
. 598
Регистар имена
. 619
SUMMARY
The medieval Serbian state remained very much alive in popular mem¬
ory during the centuries of Ottoman rule, but not even on the eve of the First
Serbian Insurrection
(1804-13)
was there in the popular mind a geographic
area distinctly identified as Serbia. After the exhausting
Austro-Ottoman
wars
(1683-99; 1716-18; 1737-39)
and Ottoman territorial losses in central Eu¬
rope, the confluence of the
Sava
and Danube rivers on the Ottoman Empire's
north-western periphery gained strategic importance. It was then that the pa-
snalik (eyalet, beylerheylik) of Belgrade was created, encompassing the san-
jak of Smederevo, and parts of the adjacent sanjaks of Zvornik and
Kruševac
(until
1718,
also a portion of the former sanjak of Srem). The authority of
the Ottoman Belgrade military commander reached as far as the forts of
Niš
and Pirot (sanjak of
Niš),
ensuring a greater military efficiency of the entire
pashalik. This resulted in an elaborate Ottoman system of defence centred on
Belgrade. The territory of the pashalik was to become the nucleus of the mod¬
ern Serbian state—Principality/Kingdom of Serbia.
The local government building process in Serbia between the early
1
800s
and
1914
went through several clearly recognizable stages, within which certain
types of local government institutions were being developed. Even though each
°r these stages is distinctive in its own right, taken together they form a single
evolutionary phase in the process of the modern Serbian state's political eman¬
cipation from Ottoman rule and national culture building.
What had preceded this process in the pashalik of Belgrade in the eigh¬
teenth century was the functioning of institutions of self-government (village
and a group of
villages/foîei
ina),
for the perpetuation and recognition of which
Whi the Ottoman Empire the Serbian population had been persistently strug-
. The phases that followed were:
582
Мирослав
Свирчевић
• 1804-13:
First Serbian Insurrection led by Karadjordje
Petrović
• 1815-39:
First reign of Prince
Miloš Obrenović
• 1839-58:
Regime
of the so-called Constitution Defenders
• 1858-58:
Second reign of Prince
Miloš
and Prince Michael (Mihailo)
Obrenović
• 1868-78:
Regency period with a succession of short-lived govern¬
ments, strongly marked by the political ideas and activity of Svetozar
Markovié
and Adam
Bogosavljević,
and with its closing years marked by the Eastern
Crisis
(1875-78)
• 1878-83:
Early years of independence (especially in the newly-liber¬
ated areas, the counties of
Niš,
Pirot,
Toplica
and Vranje) and the formation of
political parties in the modern sense (Liberal, Popular and Popular Radical)
• 1883-1903:
Period of political strife over the national interest pri¬
orities, marked by the Popular-Radicals' demand for the introduction of a
parliamentary system and local self-government; the Radicals' struggle, by
parliamentary and non-parliamentary means, against the Progressives and
the autocratic regime of King Alexander
Obrenović
(1883-1903);
the Timok
Rebellion
(1883)
and its legal and political consequences; the institutional
struggle against the autocratic regime of King Alexander
Obrenović,
and the
military conspiracy against the King, ending in the May Coup and the assas¬
sination of the royal couple
(1894-1903)
• 1903-12:
Reign of King Peter I Karadjordje
v
ič
until the Balkan Wars,
marked by a notable strengthening of the parliamentary system, local self-
government and the political role of the military
• 1912-14:
Functioning of provisional authorities in Old Serbia and
Macedonia from their liberation in the Balkan Wars until the outbreak of the
First World War
II
The First Serbian Insurrection had three centres of resistance to the
reign of terror perpetrated by the Janissaries who had usurped power in the pa-
shalik of Belgrade, defying Ottoman central authority. In
Šumadija,
the heart¬
land of the pashalik, the insurgents were led by Karadjordje
Petrović;
in the
Valjevo region, western Serbia, by
Jakov Nenadović
and his nephew
Mateja;
east of the
Velika
Morava
river, by
Milenko
Stojković
and
Petar Teodorović
Dobrnjac. Before the outbreak of the insurrection, few of its leaders, which
came to be known as vojvodas, had been village heads
(knez)
and had had
little influence among the people. It was the insurrection that propelled them
to the forefront, giving rise to a new leadership stratum which, apart from
some hiezQs of the pre-insurrection period, included merchants, priests, archi¬
mandrites, hajduks, bolukbashis, members of the
freikorps
disbanded after the
Austro-Ottoman
war of
1788-91.
Локална управа и
развој
модерне
српске државе
583
The functioning of the insurgent state's central and local governments
directly depended on the relationship between Karadjordje and local leaders.
Three political groups, each advocating a different form of government, en¬
tered into a fierce conflict. The one led by Karadjordje advocated a centralized
structure with power concentrated in the hands of the insurrection's supreme
leader. The group around
Jakov Nenadović
advocated the setting up of a gov¬
erning body to which all leaders would be accountable.
Stojković
and Dobrn-
jac, leaders of the third group, became involved in negotiations with the Rus¬
sian troops stationed in the lower Danube, while in fact aspiring to be absolute
masters of their own respective areas and as independent from Kardjordje as
possible.
A governing body
—
Serbian Governing Council
—
was set up as early
as
1805.
It managed administrative, military and judicial affairs, but was un¬
able to impose itself as the highest political body. The issue of a constitution,
however, was discussed at the assemblies of vojvodas. This form of politi¬
cal decision-making was less institutionalized than the Council, but its politi¬
cal importance was incomparably greater. Whatever was deemed a matter of
political significance and did not fall under the jurisdiction of the Council
was discussed at such assemblies. At the assembly held in Belgrade in
1811,
Karadjordje overpowered his opponents and proclaimed a constitutional act
ensuring him supreme military and political power.
Now disposing of supreme power, Karadjordje carried out a radical re¬
structuring of local government, especially as regards local military headship.
He fragmented the areas controlled by vojvodas into smaller military-adminis¬
trative units, limited the powers of vojvodas, replaced the commanding cadre,
and instituted a hierarchical system of responsibilities under which vojvodas
were no longer independent, but, on the contrary, completely subordinated to
the supreme commander. This reform of local government blunted the edge of
the insurgent army, which in turn considerably contributed to the collapse of
the insurgent state in
1813.
Ill
The Second Serbian Insurrection broke out in
1815,
against the back¬
drop of a new balance of power in Europe as a result of Napoleon's defeat,
and after a few months ended with an oral agreement between the Ottoman
general of Rumelia, Marashli
Ali
Pasha (subsequently vizier of Belgrade) and
the leader of the uprising,
Miloš Obrenović.
In early
1816,
the Porte sanc-
boned the agreement by eight firmans to
Ali
Pasha regulating the position of
the Serbs in the pashalik of Belgrade under the new Ottoman administration.
After that, a sort of dual, Serbian-Ottoman, administration was established in
the pashalik, and
Miloš Obrenović
was tacitly recognized as its
knez
or prince.
Sfowl but surely, however,
Miloš
took control of the levers of power one
584
Мирослав
Свирчевић
by one: judicial, financial, police and administrative. It was a great personal
success for
Miloš,
but it also was significant for the Serbian population. Iden¬
tifying his personal interests with the state interest, and intent on building and
strengthening domestic government Prince
Miloš
had to overcome four kinds
of obstacles:
(1)
rivalries among local leaders;
(2)
resistance from heads of
nahiyes and
knečinas;
(3)
brigandry; and
(4)
occasional popular revolts.
Having overcome all these obstacles within the next fifteen years,
Miloš
concentrated legislative, executive and judicial power in his hands and became
an autocrat. The Sultan's hatti-sherif of
1830
accorded autonomous status to the
pashalik of Belgrade, which lent a new quality to the domestic legal system and
provided a basis for the further struggle against Ottoman rule and for establish¬
ing a constitutional system.
Miloš,
on the other hand, was granted the hereditary
title of
knez
(prince). In
1830-35,
all main obligations of the Principality of
Serbia towards the Ottoman suzerain also came to be defined, notably the an¬
nual tribute; the Ottoman agrarian system was abolished; and the Principality
incorporated the areas liberated during the First insurrection (known as "six na¬
hiyes", which had not been part of the pashalik of Belgrade). At the same time,
however, the legal basis was strengthening for the struggle of Prince's oppo¬
nents for the legality principle, especially legal protection of private property.
The last large-scale revolt against Prince
Miloš's
absolutist rule, knez-
Mileta's rebellion of
1835,
forced the Prince to acquiesce in the promulgation
of the first Serbian constitution, known as
Sretenjski ustav
(Presentation-Day
Constitution). Rejected by Ottoman Turkey, Russia and Austria, however, it
was short-lived. The next constitution was drawn up in Istanbul, with the par¬
ticipation of Russian representatives. It had the form of the Sultan's hatti-
sherif granted to the inhabitants of the "Province of Serbia" in
1838,
and thus
popularly known as the Turkish Constitution. This Constitution provided for
the sharing of power between the Prince and a newly-established state body,
the Council
{Sovjet).
The Council was granted "absolute veto power" to stop
any bill proposed by the Prince, which ensured it a great political authority
in the country. The notables who became its members were prepared to strip
the Prince of his powers to the greatest extent possible, and in April
1839,
Miloš
was forced into promulgating a law on the Council, which additionally
limited his legislative and executive powers.
Miloš's
abdication in June
1839
as a result of these developments ushered in a new phase in the political and
constitutional development of the Principality of Serbia.
IV
The opposition to
Miloš's
absolutism, a party known as Constitutional¬
ists or Constitution Defenders, was led by prominent popular leaders
(Toma
Vučić Perišić,
Avram
Petronijević,
Stojan
and
Aleksa Simić, Milutin Garašanin
and his son
Ilija). Miloš's
absolutist regime was soon replaced with their
oü-
Локална управа и
развој
модерне
српске државе
585
garchic rule. After the short-lived reign of Milos's son Michael
(1839-42),
the
Constitutionalists installed Prince Alexander
Karadjordjević,
son of the leader
of the First Insurrection, Karadjordje
Petrović.
The Constitutionalists' regime
was ended in
1858
by the deposition of Alexander and the decisions of the
Assembly known as St Andrew's Day Assembly.
The Turkish
Consfinţi
ion of
1838,
meanwhile in effect, had allowed the
Constitutionalists to pursue their goals undisturbed: the principle of legality,
centralized government, and the security of tenure for bureaucracy. One of
the most important laws enacted under the Constitutionalists was the Law on
Counties and Districts of
1839.
It established a pyramidal hierarchy and rigid
bureaucratic subordination (central administration
—
counties
—
districts). The
process continued with the Law on Municipalities of
1839,
whereby munici¬
pal organs were fully subordinated to the central administration. This model
of local government and its utter dependence on central government was not
to be changed until the following stage in the development of the modern Ser¬
bian state, under the second reign of Michael
Obrenović.
V
The fall of the Constitutionalists' regime at the Saint Andrew's Day
Assembly in
1858
and the return of Prince
Miloš
to the throne in
1859
ush¬
ered in the new ten-year phase in the state and legal system building process
0858-68).
It was marked by the strengthening of princely power, the weaken-
"igof the political position of the Council and the introduction of the Popular
Assembly as a regular
politica!
institution, all of which gave a further boost
io centralization.
During the brief second reign of Prince
Miloš
(1859-60)
there was no
new legislation on local government. Major change
—
both on central and lo¬
cal levels—occurred in the second reign of Prince Michael
(1860-68),
even
though the Prince himself stood for centralism and absolutism, defending his
Position by, among others things, his ambitious foreign policy agenda.
Central administration was reorganized by a series of organic laws enact¬
ed
«η
1861/2.
Local administration reform was carried out on the grounds of the
Ĺaw
on Municipalities of
1866,
according to which all municipal organs (mu-
n!cipal assembly, municipal court, municipal board, mayor) were subordinate to
and
verseen
by central authorities, with no margin for independent action.
VI
The tragic death of Prince Michael in
1868
marked the beginning of
Mother ten-year period
(1868-78)
in the development of Serbia's political
586
Мирослав
Свирчевић
and legal systems. It ended with the change of her international status—she
became a sovereign state independent of the Ottoman Empire.
Milan
Obrenović,
proclaimed Prince by the army in
1868,
was minor,
and therefore until
1872
the princely authority was exercised by a body of
regents
(Miloje Petrović Blaznavac, Jovan Ristić
and
Jovan Gavrilović).
One
of the regents,
Jovan Ristić,
was gradually taking control.
Ristić
came to a
political understanding with a liberal group and soon became their leader. This
political compromise led to the reshaping of the highest political institutions
in the country.
The most important proof that state policy was taking a liberal course
was the promulgation in
1869
of a new constitution (Regency Constitution)
independently of the Porte. Those who were instrumental in its shaping were
Jovan Ristić
and
Radivoje Milojković,
Minister of the Interior.
Ristić
advocat¬
ed moderate liberalism, a wider range of powers for the popular representative
body and division of power between the representative body and the Prince,
while safeguarding a centralized state administration and a strong executive
power embodied in the Prince and ministers.
With the control of the country in their hands,
Ristić
and his liberals
realized that a strongly centralized local government was in their own best in¬
terest and that it might be used to purge the state administration of the remain¬
ing conservative elements (from the period of the Constitutionalists). For this
reason, they retained the system of local government inherited from the reign
of Prince Michael, while introducing slight modifications to adjust it to their
party interests.
Jovan Ristić
and his liberals began the practice of installing
obedient officials in counties, districts and municipalities regardless of their
abilities and qualifications (the practice known as partisanship). For the same
reason, they retained the Constitutionalists' Law on Counties and Districts
and the Law on Municipalities, which allowed them to pursue partisanship on
local level.
The Young Conservative government of
Ljubomir Kaljević
(1875/6)
reformed local government in
1875
through amendments to the
1866
Law on
Municipalities. The amendments considerably broadened the powers of mu¬
nicipalities (most of all the municipal assemblies and boards), which became
more independent in relation to central authorities.
However, the amendments were in force for only a brief period of time.
During the Serbian-Ottoman wars of
1876-78,
they were revoked and the pre¬
war laws were re-enacted.
Vii
Under the Regency
(1868-72),
Svetozar
Markovié
(1846-75)
stepped
onto Serbia's political scene. Influenced by the ideas of Russian and West-
Локална управа и
развој
модерне
српске државе
587
ern socialism, he developed a distinctive concept of government, modifying
it successively to make it suit the political, economic and social reality of
Serbia.
Marković's
concept of state, political and economic reorganization of
Serbia went through three phases.
In the first phase.
Markovié
developed the concept of municipality as a
politically and legally autonomous unit with all attributes of a state. The cen-
a state should there be one as a legal person
—
was supposed to be an asso¬
ciation of free municipalities with defence as its only "original" competence.
Such a municipality would enable the formation of the popular representative
body using referendum and "popular initiatives". In that way, the municipal¬
ly would embody perfect democracy and popular self-government, and have
tremendous political importance.
In the second phase,
Markovié
was powerfully influenced by the Paris
Commune of
1871
and Bakunin's theory of the state as an "association of
communes" or municipalities. As a result, he revised his concept of state reor¬
ganization, which now became more of a federation with some quite unusual
e ements. He found that Serbian municipalities were small in area, economi¬
cally weak, technologically lagging and lacking well-trained cadres, and that
.
eforetnev were incapable of assuming the responsibilities of a municipal-
'ty-state he had envisaged. This led him to the concept of a "big municipality",
1<e'tne district, a self-governing entity created by the spatial and functional
mergmg of the existing municipalities.
In the third phase, in addition to self-governing municipalities and
dis¬
ets,
Markovié
introduced yet another self-governing entity
—
the county.
According to his Programme of
1873,
the state was conceived of as a federa¬
tion of free counties.
Towards the end of his short life,
Markovié
shifted from socialism to
democratic
radicalism, focusing on parliamentarianism and actual local self-
VIII
With Adam
Bogosavljević
(1843-80)
a new phase in the struggle for lo¬
cal self-government in Serbia's political life began, and the movement started
ЬУ
Svetozar
Markovié
attained its full significance.
Bogosavljević,
who chose
to stay a farmer even though he had higher education, retained only those of
Marković's
ideas that were in favour of the peasantry's "class" struggle. He
saw the state through the eyes of a rational rural householder.
Bogosavljević
adopted two ideas from the corpus of
Marković's
bought to underpin his populist ideology:
(1)
struggle against bureaucracy
seen as an "unproductive, parasitic social stratum"; and
(2)
simplified and
Reaper state administration based on the principle of "popular self-govern-
588
Мирослав
Свирчевић
ment".
Convinced that the existing state administration was only in the inter¬
est of bureaucracy,
Bogosavljević
proposed its thorough reorganization: the
state was to be organized on the principle of popular sovereignty and "popular
self-government" in order for the freedom of the press, assembly, speech and
association, to be secured and power ceded to the most productive social stra¬
tum
—
the peasantry.
In his capacity as National Assembly member,
Bogosavljević
put forth
concrete demands for the reorganization of state administration, submitting
them in the form of law proposals. They received so strong public response
that the Law on Municipalities which had been in effect since the reign of
Prince Michael
—
turning them into rigid administrative and territorial units
—
had to be modified.
Owing to
Bogosavljević
and his political activity, the idea of local self-
government led to that of responsible government, which was rapidly gaining
popular support. After his death in
1880,
this "radicalization" of basic political
tenets was carried on by the like-minded Popular Radical Party, which was
founded in
1881.
IX
Once the
Serbo-Ottoman
wars of
1876-78
ended and the Principality
of Serbia achieved independence and international recognition at the
1878
Congress of Berlin, a new phase in its legal, political and cultural develop¬
ment began. Serbia was now territorially expanded with the so-called New
Areas: the
Niš,
Pirot,
Toplica
and Vranje counties. The process of integrating
the New Areas into Serbia's political and legal systems took five years: from
1877,
when Serbia was still at war, until
1882.
The integration process was exceptionally complex and difficult to car¬
ry through. For that reason, the process of building state apparatus and local
government in the New Areas ran in parallel with three major legal and politi¬
cal issues:
(1)
establishing of new local government bodies;
(2)
regulation of
agrarian relations; and
(3)
colonization.
The process of building civil administration in the New Areas had two
phases:
( 1 )
establ ishing of provisional local authorities; and
(2)
establishing of
permanent authorities such as those existing in the Principality of Serbia. The
first phase lasted from December
1877
(when the first government officials
arrived in the liberated areas), until
17
December
1878
(when the Law on the
Division of the Annexed Territory into Counties and Districts was enacted).
The second phase lasted until
1881,
when the Law on the Police in the Newly-
Liberated Areas was enacted.
Agrarian relations were regulated under the Law on Agrarian Relations
in the Newly-liberated areas of
1880.
Jt acknowledged the right to
compensa-
Локална управа и
развој
модерне
српске државе
589
tion
to the
spahis and
chißlik-owners
who had lived in the newly-
li
berated
areas under the Ottoman Empire. The right could be exercised under a special
procedure, but in
1882
the Serbian government took the obligation to pay
collective compensation to the former "masters" through the mediation of the
Porte, and it took a loan in
A u stri
a-Hun
gary
for that purpose.
Under the Law on Colonization of
1880
every farming family who set¬
tled in the New Areas was allotted four hectares of farming land and a house
lot of twenty acres. Under this law the state subjected the process of popu¬
lating the New Areas to its legal system. Serbian settlers from the Ottoman
Empire, such as Montenegro, Herzegovina (already under the Austrian occu¬
pation), Bulgaria, and even from Austria-Hungary (Serbs from the
Banat
and
Bačka)
and western Serbia
(Uzice
region), strengthened the ethnic Serbian
component and created demographic conditions fora more efficient organiza¬
tion of local administration in the New Areas.
X
The 1880s saw the emergence of first Western-style political parties in
Serbia. Liberals constituted the oldest political group, which had emerged as
early as the mid-1800s, fighting for a "parliamentary system". Its mainstays
were "sons of the fatherland", members of the first generation of domestic
intellectuals. As holders of scholarships provided by the Constitutionalists'
government, they had been educated at Western (mostly French) universities,
where they had become familiar with liberal political ideas. Upon returning
to the country, they advertised the principle: "liberty internally, independence
externally", and engaged in the political struggle for the modernization of do¬
mestic political institutions. After the
1858
Saint Andrew's Day Assembly, the
Hberals slowly but surely grew into a true political party, formally founded in
1882.
Its unquestioned leader was
Jovan
Ristia In
1888
and
1889,
the original
Liberal Party programme was amended and supplemented with new politi¬
cal tenets, demanding self-government for municipalities, though with some
measure of central government control. This was a significant evolution in the
Liberals' understanding of the organization of central and local governments.
The Progressive Party, founded in
1881,
assembled conservatives and
had four key figures: Milan
Piroćanac, Milutin
Garašanin, Stojan
Novaković
ajid Čedomilj Mijatović.
Its views on the organization of central and local
government stemmed from two major projects:
(1)
Law Proposal on the Or¬
ganization of State Administration of
1882;
and
(2)
The Kingdom of Serbia
Ľraft
Constitution of
1883.
According to t\\e Law proposal, local government
reform would consist in the abolishing of counties, the establishing of five
Provinces
{oblast)
and the strengthening of district government, and all this
590
Мирослав
Свирчевић
in a centralized state structure. A similar idea was put forward in their Draft
Constitution.
The Popular Radical Party, founded in
1881,
was ideologically shaped
under the influence of Adam
Bogosavljević
(its rural wing) and Svetozar
Markovié
(the intelligentsia). It focused on a struggle against the bureaucra¬
cy. The party also had four key figures: Nikola
Pašić, Pera Todorović,
Stojan
Protić and Milovan Milovanović.
However, afterthe Timok Rebellion in
1883,
the Radicals became fully committed to the struggle for political change: for
constitutionalism; the principle of popular sovereignty and parliamentary de¬
mocracy; local self-government; political rights and liberties; justice as the
ultimate value for every citizen. These ideas were particularly manifest in the
constitutions of
1888
and
1903,
and in many laws enacted under successive
Radical governments. The Radical
Raša
Milosevic published a booklet titled
The structure of districts based on the principle of self-government and voting
right, elaborating the principle of self-government as a basis for the organi¬
zation of administration. Milosevic stressed three principles for organizing
districts and the entire system of local government:
(1)
popular sovereignty;
(2)
voting right; and
(3)
self-government.
XI
The building of a constitutional and legal framework for local govern¬
ment was a highly sensitive political issue between the Timok Rebellion in
1883
and the
reinstitution
of the Regency Constitution in
1894
in the reign of
King Alexander
Obrenović.
As early as
1884,
the Law on Amendments and
Supplements to the Law on Municipalities was enacted, bolstering central¬
ization and conferring discretionary powers upon the police in the area of
overseeing and appointing or removing municipal institutions in the name of
protecting the national or municipal interest.
Serbia's liberal and democratic Constitution of
1888
was one of the
most progressive constitutions in Europe at the time. Its underlying principles
were: guaranteed political and civil rights
—
exercised in a democratic multi¬
party system; free election of all popular representatives (general suffrage)
and
a unicameral
parliament (National Assembly); full ministerial responsi¬
bility
—
political and criminal; the power of the National Assembly to pass the
government budget; implementation of the principle of self-government in
districts and municipalities.
This Constitution was the basis for the Law on Municipalities of
1889,
stipulating the following municipal organs: the mayor, the municipal assem¬
bly, the municipal court and the municipal board. Municipalities were still
controlled by the county council, the police (district and county governors)
and the State Council. The enactment of this law was a significant step for-
Локална управа и
развој
модерне
српске државе
591
ward in the process of building genuine local self-government, reflected most
of all in that the right to elect municipal organs was conferred upon the mu¬
nicipal assembly and freed from any interference, especially by the central
authority.
The Law on Counties and Districts of
1890
introduced a different ad¬
ministrative-territorial division of the Kingdom of Serbia. Counties were the
largest units with dual government: central and self-government.-On the one
hand, there was the county governor as representative of the central authority,
and on the other, the county assembly, the permanent county board, district
representatives and the county council secretary as representatives of self-
government. As the highest representative of the central authority, the county
governor acted as the highest oversight authority in the county. On the other
hand, the county assembly was the principal institution of county self-govern¬
ment.
XII
King Milan
Obrenović
abdicated in
1889
and appointed a Regency
(Jovan Ristić
and Generals
Kosta
Protić
and
Jovan Belimarković)
to exer¬
cise the royal authority during the minority of his son and heir Alexander.
The Regency immediately entrusted the mandate to constitute a cabinet to
the Popular Radical Party as the strongest and most influential. The Radicals
were in power from February
1889
until early August
1892.
In
1893,
however,
Alexander
Obrenović,
even though still in minority, ousted the Regency, took
over royal power, and began to build his own personal regime. In
1894
the
King abolished the liberal democratic Constitution of
1888
and reinstituted
the Regency
Constitution
of
1869
with all related laws regulating the major
spheres of public life. For instance, he reinstituted the
1839
Law on Counties
and Districts passed under the Constitutionalists' regime and Prince Michael's
Law on Municipalities of
1866.
King Alexander began the latter part of his reign
(1897-1903)
by form-
l4 a non-party government led by Vladan
Djordjević.
His father, King Milan,
was appointed Commander-in-Chief, which contemporaries saw as the former
king's grand return into politics. The government's main task was to carry
through an ambitious political project, known as 11th October Programme.
The purpose of the Law on the Amendments and Supplements to the Law on
Municipalities and the Law on County and District Assemblies, both of
1898,
Was to additionally centralize political power and limit the powers of the
county, district and municipal organs.
in
1901
King Alexander unilaterally introduced a new constitution,
which is important inasmuch as it provided for a bicameral system, with Sen¬
ate as the upper and National Assembly as the lower chamber. The Senate and
592
Мирослав
Свирчевић
the King were supposed to "rein in" the Assembly, which embodied the popu¬
lar will. The King hoped that the agreement between the Progressives and the
Radicals, known as "fusion", reached under his aegis, would consolidate the
freshly-established constitutional system.
A new Law on Municipalities, enacted in
1902,
stipulated the same mu¬
nicipal government bodies: the municipal assembly, the municipal board and
the municipal court. The municipalities were under the authority of the Minis¬
ter of the Interior exercised through immediate overseers
—
county and district
governors, while Belgrade was under the direct oversight of the Minister.
In the night of
29
May (Old Style)
1903
a group of military officers as¬
sassinated King Alexander and Queen
Draga (May
Coup). The King's death
was the tragic end of the House of
Obrenović,
but it opened up possibilities for
new political processes in the country.
XIII
Shortly after the assassination of King Alexander in
1903,
a new gov¬
ernment was constituted under the patronage of the conspiracy group, while
Peter
I Karadjordjević,
grandson of Karadjordje
Petrović,
leader of the First
Serbian Insurrection, was proclaimed King, which ushered in a new phase in
the legal, political and cultural development of Serbia
(1903—14),
marked by
the strengthening role of parliament, the army and local self-government. The
1888
Constitution with minor modifications was soon reinstituted (known as
the Constitution of
1903).
The Law on Municipalities of
1902
was also reinstated. The fact that it
was quite similar to the Law on Municipalities of
1889
should be seen as the
reason for putting it back into effect rather than its Radical-enacted predeces¬
sor. The
1902
Law was amended and supplemented three times, in
1903, 1904
and
1905.
The amendments of
1909
were so extensive that this new version
may be seen as an entirely new law. It was the last law on municipalities en¬
acted in the Kingdom of Serbia. It considerably modified the municipal elec¬
tion process, regulating in detail the compiling of electoral rolls and all other
procedures.
The Law on Counties and Districts of
1905,
very similar to the law of
the same name of
1890,
regulated in detail the status of counties and districts,
their organizational structure and mode of operation. It was modified in
1909
and twice in
1910.
XIV
In the Balkan Wars of
1912/3,
the Kingdom of Serbia liberated Old
Serbia and Macedonia, showing that the mobilization of the entire society
Локална управа и
развој
модерне
српске државе
593
round the cause of liberation could result in a glorious military victory. But
they also highlighted the competing views of civilians and militaries on the
form of government to be established in the liberated areas. Military circles
came out stronger from the war and tended to take all credit for its success to
themselves. On the other hand, the civilian domain, headed by the Radicals,
advocated civilian rule, expecting that it would ensure their predomination
both over the militaries and over other political parties, and their victory in the
next parliamentary election in Serbia.
The process of building a constitutional system and local government in
Old Serbia and Macedonia went through several phases:
(1)
the setting up of
provisional local organs of authority as instructed by ministry inspectors and
head of the Police Department of the Supreme Command;
(2)
implementation
of the Decree on the Management of the Liberated Areas of
14
December
1912;
and
(3)
implementation of the Decree on the Management of the Liber¬
ated Areas of 2\ August
1913.
Finally, under the royal decree issued on the proposal of the govern¬
ment, the implementation of some portions of the Constitution of the Kingdom
of Serbia began in the liberated areas. It was intended to demonstrate that the
provisional legal regime was grounded in the Constitution. In late December
J913,
Stojan M.
Protić,
Minister of the Interior, submitted to the National As¬
sembly the Law Proposal on the Annexation of Old Serbia to the Kingdom of
Serbia, enclosing the opinion of the State Council. However, the National As¬
sembly did not get round to voting on the proposal by the time the First World
W broke out in
1914. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Svirčević, Miroslav |
| author_facet | Svirčević, Miroslav |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Svirčević, Miroslav |
| author_variant | m s ms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040101732 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)796203360 (DE-599)BVBBV040101732 |
| era | Geschichte 1800-2000 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Serbien |
| id | DE-604.BV040101732 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T04:25:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788671790727 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024958260 |
| oclc_num | 796203360 |
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| physical | 642 S. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
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| publisher | Balkanološki Inst. |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Posebna izdanja / Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanološki Institut |
| spelling | Svirčević, Miroslav Verfasser aut Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave Miroslav Svirčević Beograd Balkanološki Inst. 2011 642 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Posebna izdanja / Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanološki Institut 114 PST: The origins of local government and the development of the modern Serbian state. - In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1800-2000 gnd rswk-swf Kommunale Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4073644-1 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 g Kommunale Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4073644-1 s Geschichte 1800-2000 z DE-604 Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanološki Institut Posebna izdanja 114 (DE-604)BV000007645 114 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958260&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958260&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Svirčević, Miroslav Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave Kommunale Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4073644-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073644-1 (DE-588)4054598-2 |
| title | Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave |
| title_auth | Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave |
| title_exact_search | Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave |
| title_full | Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave Miroslav Svirčević |
| title_fullStr | Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave Miroslav Svirčević |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države od knežinske do opštinske samouprave Miroslav Svirčević |
| title_short | Lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske države |
| title_sort | lokalna uprava i razvoj moderne srpske drzave od knezinske do opstinske samouprave |
| title_sub | od knežinske do opštinske samouprave |
| topic | Kommunale Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4073644-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kommunale Selbstverwaltung Serbien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958260&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024958260&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000007645 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT svircevicmiroslav lokalnaupravairazvojmodernesrpskedrzaveodknezinskedoopstinskesamouprave |