Probleme de gramatică a limbii române:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bucureşti
Ed. Acad. Române
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. und franz. Sprache u.d.T.: Romanian language grammar issues |
| Beschreibung: | 225 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789732720820 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Probleme de gramatică a limbii române |c Elena Dănilă |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bucureşti |b Ed. Acad. Române |c 2011 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804149051932803072 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CUPRINS
CUVANT-INAINTE
.......................................................................................... 9
1.
INTRODUCERE
............................................................................................ 11
2.
ÎMBINĂRILE DE CUVINTE ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ
.................................. 17
3.
PROBLEMA NEGAŢIEI ŞI A AFIRMAŢIEI ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ
......... 37
3.1.
Prezentare generală
................................................................................. 37
3.2.
Negaţia
.................................................................................................... 39
3.3.
Afirmaţia
................................................................................................. 49
4.
RAPORTURILE SINTACTICE
-
INCIDENŢA
........................................... 57
4.1.
Prezentare generală
................................................................................. 57
4.2.
Incidenţa
-
identitate semantică şi diferenţiere gramaticală
.................... 61
4.3.
Incidenţa în basmele româneşti
............................................................... 83
5.
ANACOLUT
VS.
NORMĂ LITERARĂ
....................................................... 93
6.
CIRCUMSTANŢIALELE ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ
........................................ 105
6.1.
Prezentare generală
................................................................................. 105
6.2.
Circumstanţialul de excepţie
................................................................... 111
6.3.
Circumstanţialul de opoziţie
.................................................................... 114
7.
DIN NOU DESPRE VOCATIV
-
VOCATIVUL DE ADRESARE INVERSĂ
... 119
8.
TOPICA ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ
-
PROBLEME, SOLUŢII
.......................... 127
8.1.
Prezentare generală
................................................................................. 127
8.2.
Topica fixă
.............................................................................................. 130
8.3.
Topica dominantă
.................................................................................... 134
8.4.
Topica liberă
........................................................................................... 135
9.
SINONIMIA GRAMATICALĂ ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ
............................... 141
9.1.
Generalităţi
.............................................................................................. 141
9.2.
Sinonimia lexicală
................................................................................... 142
9.3.
De la sinonimia lexicală la sinonimia la alte niveluri ale limbii
.............. 144
9.4.
Sinonimia morfologică
............................................................................ 145
9.5.
Sinonimia sintactică
................................................................................ 167
9.6.
Sinonimia morfologică şi sintactică în limba română veche
................... 186
10.
CONCLUZII
................................................................................................ 197
PROBLÈMES DE GRAMMAIRE DE LA LANGUE ROUMAINE.................
201
ROMANIAN LANGUAGE GRAMMAR ISSUES
........................................... 207
BIBLIOGRAFIE
................................................................................................ 213
IZVOARE..........................................................................................................
221
INDICE
DE NUME
........................................................................................... 223
ROMANIAN LANGUAGE GRAMMAR ISSUES
Abstract
1.
In this book, we have tried to analyze a series of morphology
and syntax problems, from word combinations, negation, affirmation,
incidence, vocative, topic, to the problem of syntactic and morphologic
synonymy, both in old and in nowadays Romanian language.
Both in the general and Romanian linguistics, it is necessary to
make the distinction language vs. language theory, given the fact that
language theory focuses on language issues, without, nevertheless,
ever reaching an overlapping between the two concepts.
Our departure point in the grammatical analysis of a classical
type regards language facts, which either have not so far been taken into
consideration (the issue of remainders of stable words combinations or
the problem of remainders of compulsory determination words
combinations, the concept of remainder with an exclusively expressive
function, the concept of elements with incidental
semantism,
etc.),
either they have not been conveniently interpreted
/
their analysis
allows nuancing (affirmation and negation, verbs with an incidental
semantism,
morphological synonymy
/
syntactical synonymy, etc.).
Our analysis starts at the current level of the grammatical theory, in
general, and of the applied linguistics (morphology
/
syntax), in
particular, which is based upon the current stage of language.
One of the starting points in the presentation of the ideas exposed in
our project is a bibliography that we consider representative, which
consists of theoretical works of Romanian linguistics and of general
linguistics, also regarding the other language levels (phonetical, lexical,
stylistic), but, especially, the morphological and the syntactical levels.
Fundamental morphology and syntax works having considerably
contributed and marked the evolution of these domains of the
Romanian language have equally been consulted. Each perspective is
presented critically, with the stating of a personal point of view,
irrespective of whether the latter corresponds to the theories exposed
in the consulted specialty works or not. The grammatical theory is
applied to the language used in different contexts from works of
different styles and from different moments of the language evolution.
Research will be accompanied by language facts i.e., from the old
language, the colloquial language, the spoken language and the
language from the modern belletristic texts, and also with incursions
in other styles (scientific, administrative).
2.
Human communication is based on the words usage
-
which
are found in the system of a historical language
-
in the combination
of words (at different levels of language), combinations that allow, in
general, the transmission of some information, the information demand,
the expression of acts of will, the absence of information to which no
clarification is expected etc., all these elements being able to have a
certain expressiveness. Thus, words combinations respond to
communication needs
-
the desire to describe realities, thoughts,
feelings for which no (adequate) form of expression exists, at a given
time
-
other combinations being the result of the need for nuancing,
for refining certain thinking expressions.
In Romanian there are a number of words combination types the
classification of which can be done according to different criteria. An
important emphasis is laid on the criterion represented by the cohesion
degree, according to which combinations can be as follows:
-
free words combination
-
which represents the association of
two or more words, where each term generally maintains its semantic
autonomy, being able to be integrated in other combinations as well,
the whole combination allowing, thus, a word-by-word analysis (a
mânca
mere I to eat apples, but also
a mânca o prăjitură
/
to eat a
cake or
a curăţa un măr
/
to peel an apple);
-stabilizing words combination or compulsory determination
words combination
-
which represents an intermediate stage between
208
free words combinations and stable word combinations, not being able
to integrate in neither of the two categories, speakers perceiving them
as distinct units;
-
the stable words combination
-
can be defined as the
association between two or more words that (almost) completely lost
their semantic and grammatical independence, that form a group that
transmits a single information (semantic, grammatical, logical and
/
or
stylistic) and that generally fulfills a single function (syntactical, of
mark, expressive), being felt by the speakers as a distinct unit.
It has been observed that all these words combinations represent
spontaneous individual linguistic innovations. From these words
combinations, the ones having satisfied certain expression needs and
also having subsumed to the language system have generalized, being
integrated in common language (we envisage, here, especially the
stable words combinations).
In spoken, colloquial and popular language (here from with
extensions in the belletristic literature) the usage of only certain
remainders of words combinations has been noticed. Thus, we can
speak, on the one hand, of the remainder of free combinations
(-
Copilul aleargă?
-
Aleargă.),
while, on the other hand, we can speak
about the remainder of the compulsory determination words
combination
(-
Eşti
student la
Facultatea de Litere?
-
La
litere.),
the
remainder of stable words combination
(-
îţi aduci aminte despre acea
problemă?
-
îmi aduc).
3.
Negation and affirmation are concepts that have been present
even from antiquity in logics, from where they passed to linguistics,
where they have been associated to different levels of the language
(lexical, morphological, syntactical, stylistic), thus being correlated to
the three levels
oí
communication: ontical,
logicali
psychological and
linguistic. As far as the negation and affirmation problem is concerned,
many nuances are still to be revealed, refiners of what the specialist
have come up with so far. In the present work, we have also realized an
inventory of the types of structures through which negation and affirmation
can be actualized, fact which allowed us to observe certain characteristics
209
related to circulation, expressivity, topic and functionality. Thus, for
example, regarding circulation, it can be affirmed that the structures in
which the negations nu or
nici
пи
stand before a verb have the highest
frequency, being present in all the styles of the language.
4.
As far as syntactic reports are concerned, we have detailed the
analysis for the syntactic report of incidence, underlining the
importance of the semantic identity and of the grammatical
distinction, function of the discussed verb categories
-
of necessity
(like
a trebui),
of possibility (like
a putea), oí
appearance
{a părea
is
typical), of attitude
(a considera,
a crede
etc.) and of appreciation,
impersonal (like
se crede, se ştie,
e
normai)
-
for which we consider
that, for the time being, there can be no rule to be established in the
grammar theory, as language is continuously changing, fact proved by
oscillations in agreement. Incidence in fairy-tales represents a subject
that has poorly been discussed in the reference materials, although it is
very frequent in all types of Romanian fairy-tales. We have noticed
the fact that specific to the incidence in the fairy-tales are the
structures in which, within the same text, we find more incident
clauses, actualized through
verba dicendi,
while the literary fairy-tales
have more incident sentences. Another specific fact for the incidence
in fairy-tales is that, within the same context, there can be incident
elements of different types, especially isolated incident words,
actualized through vocatives and incident clauses.
5.
There are facts in the language, which represent the result of
an evolution, of transformations that speakers operate in time on the
way they use
/
put into practice the system in speaking. This fact can
also be seen in the language theory, within certain concepts and the
terminology used by the specialists. In our work we focus especially
on a specific type of anacoluthon, as a manifestation of discontinuity,
both in language, as well as like a reflection in language theory,
detailing the analysis regarding some aspects related to anacoluthic
structures due to the skipping of one part of communication, no
matter how they were interpreted (and named) by the specialists, in
the way that, although they represent a language mistake usually
210
generalized in all stylistic variants of Romanian language, they form a
newer syntactic norm, by reporting to older syntactic norms, because
what had to be a suspended by discontinuity element, according to the
older norm, became a continuity element after the new norm, the
analysis criteria starting from the syntactical reports.
6.
From the syntactic functions, we have concentrated, in our
work, on the class
oí
adverbiais,
as there are also a series of problems
in the syntactic theory, related to the fact that not all
adverbiais
can be
treated on the same grounds. We refer to certain types of
adverbiais
(oppositional, cumulative, of exception, associative, concessive and of
comparison), for which the problem of superordinate and their
number is still to be analyzed, meaning that these superordinates can
be actualized, theoretically, on one hand, through verbal elements,
identified as first degree superordinates and, on the other hand,
through nominal superordinates,
oí
second degree, which leads to the
idea of
α
double unequal subordination.
7.
About the inverse addressing vocative it must be said that it
specific especially to informal and popular speaking, from here with
extensions in artistic literature, being used by certain social and
intellectual categories. For correctly identifying this type of vocative
the context is very important, in order to understand and preserve the
communicative intention of the speaker.
8.
Topic is still a subject opened to new analyses, especially
regarding the distinction between the right objective variant of the
dominant topic and right objective variant of the free topic, the
differentiation element of the two variants being, in our opinion, the
communicative intention of the speaker.
9.
In the chapter for the grammatical synonymy, we have
approached both problems related to the morphological synonymy, as well
as to the syntactical synonymy, with a detailed analysis on the
grammatical synonymy situations in old Romanian language. Although
it is not a term from morphology or syntax, we consider that this
concept of syntactic
/
morphological synonymy represents a linguistic
reality proved through many examples that show that two or more
211
different morphemic or syntactic structures, which still have to be
interrelated through semantic information, may transmit the same
morphological
(categorial)
information or syntactical (functional and
of report) information, function of the principle of commutability in
context, with the mention that, from an etymological sense point of
view, the term synonymy doesn t fit the language facts thus named in
morphology, syntax, etc., only the concept being taken from the
lexical synonymy, the main idea, applied to that specific level.
10.
All the problems approached in our work underline the still
vastness of the field, opened for the analysis that the Romanian
language requests from the researcher, both the old and the present
Romanian language, the standard (literary) and the informal and
popular ones.
212
|
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| language | Romanian |
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| spelling | Dănilă, Elena Verfasser aut Probleme de gramatică a limbii române Elena Dănilă Bucureşti Ed. Acad. Române 2011 225 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. und franz. Sprache u.d.T.: Romanian language grammar issues Rumänisch (DE-588)4115807-6 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Rumänisch (DE-588)4115807-6 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024957939&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024957939&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
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| title | Probleme de gramatică a limbii române |
| title_auth | Probleme de gramatică a limbii române |
| title_exact_search | Probleme de gramatică a limbii române |
| title_full | Probleme de gramatică a limbii române Elena Dănilă |
| title_fullStr | Probleme de gramatică a limbii române Elena Dănilă |
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