Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 415 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470587690 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Makuuchi, Keizo |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications |c Keizo Makuuchi ; Song Cheng |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, NJ |b Wiley |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XXVIII, 415 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Radiation chemistry |x Industrial applications | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148927416500224 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | UP-TO-DATE, COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE
ON RADIATION-PROCESSED POLYMER
MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Offering a unique perspective of the industrial and commercial applications of the
radiation processing of polymers, this insightful reference examines the fundamental
scientific principles and cutting-edge developments advancing this diverse field.
Through a variety of case studies, detailed examples, and economic feasibility
analysis, Radiation Processing of Polymer Materials and Its Industrial Applications
s ^tematically explains the commercially viable ways to process and use
radiation-processed polymeric materials in industrial products. In addition, this one-
of-kind text:
•
Covers important chemistry and processing fundamentals, while emphasizing their
translation into practical applications of radiation-processed polymers
•
Incorporates new applications in nanotechnology,
biomaterials,
and recycling
•
Systematically discusses new developments in the field and summarizes past
achievements
By helping readers
—
from students to scientists, engineers, technicians, and sales and
marketing professionals
—
understand and solve problems associated with radiation
processing of polymers, Radiation Processing of Polymer Materials and Its Industrial
Applications serves as an essential reference and fills an important gap in the literature.
KEIZO
MAKU UCH
I is the Representative of EB System Consulting Office and
an internationally renowned expert in the field of radiation chemistry and radiation
processing of polymers. Dr. Makuuchi worked for Japan Atomic Energy Research
Institute and EB System Corporation for forty years. He has authored or
coauthored ten books on radiation chemistry and has contributed to more than
200
scientific publications.
SONG CHENG is the founder of Song Cheng International, a consulting com¬
pany. He has over fourteen years of extensive experience in radiation processing
of polymer materials. Mr. Cheng is the author of over twenty journal articles and
is the inventor ot six patents.
ubscnbe to our free Chemistry eNewsletter at
y.com/enewstetters
ISBN
476-0-470-5071.4-0
90000
9ll78o47o 5876901
CONTENTS
Preface
xiii
Abbreviations
xxiii
1
Basic Concepts of Radiation Processing
1
1.1
Radiation Sources
1
1.1.1
4-Ray
2
1.1.2
Electron Beam
6
1.1.3
X-Ray
11
1.2
Radiation Chemistry of Polymers
15
1.2.1
Interactions of Ionizing Radiation with Polymers
and Reactions Induced
15
1.2.2
Different Responses to Radiation from Different
Polymers
16
1.3
Advantages and Disadvantages of Radiation Processing
19
1.4
Engineering of Radiation Processing
20
1.4.1
Materials Handling
20
1.4.2
Radiation Dose and Dose Distribution
20
1.4.3
Throughput
22
1.4.4
Temperature Rise
22
1.4.5
Atmosphere
23
1.4.6
Dose Rate
24
1.4.7
Radiation Processing Cost
24
References
25
2
Fundamentals of Radiation Crosslinking
26
2.1
Radiation Chemistry of Crosslinking
26
2.1.1
Types of Crosslinking
26
2.1.2
Evidence of Crosslinking
28
2.2
Crosslinking of Polymer
29
2.2.1
Crosslinking of Semicrystalline Polymer
30
2.2.1.1
Peroxide Crosslinking
30
2.2.1.2
Silane Crosslinking
31
2.2.1.3
Technical Comparison of Crosslinking
Methods
34
vi
CONTENTS
2.2.2
Crosslinking
of
Rubber
36
2.2.2.1
Radiation
Crosslinking
Versus Sulfur
Crosslinking
37
2.2.2.2
Radiation Crosslinking Versus Peroxide
Crosslinking
38
2.3
Estimation of
G
Value of Crosslinking
38
2.3.1
Charlesby-Pinner Method
38
2.3.2
Modification of Charlesby-Pinner Equation
40
2.3.3
Swelling and Elasticity Methods
42
2.4
Factors Affecting Radiation Crosslinking
44
2.4.1
Physical Nature of Polymer
45
2.4.1.1
Glass-Transition Temperature
45
2.4.1.2
Crystallinity
45
2.4.2
Chemical Composition of Polymer
47
2.4.2.1
Bond Energy
47
2.4.2.2
Unsaturation
48
2.4.2.3
Methyl Group
49
2.4.2.4
Halogen Atom
50
2.4.2.5
Phenyl Group
50
2.4.2.6
Ester and Ether Bond
52
2.4.2.7
Copolymer
52
2.4.2.8
Ethylene
Copolymer
53
2.4.2.9
Fluoropolymer
56
2.4.2.10
Silicone
Rubber
61
2.4.2.11
Branching
63
2.4.3
Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution
64
2.4.4
Configuration
65
2.4.4.1
Structural Isomerism
65
2.4.4.2
Stereoisomerism
66
References
66
3
Enhancement of Radiation Crosslinking
71
3.1
Concept of Enhancement of Radiation Crosslinking
71
3.2
Increasing Number of Polymer Radicals
72
3.2.1
Sensi
tizer
72
3.2.2
Postirradiation
Heat Treatment
73
3.3
Increasing Recombination of Polymer Radicals
74
3.3.1
Compression
74
3.3.2
High-Temperature Irradiation
75
3.3.3
Plasticizer
80
3.3.4
Polyfunctional Monomer
82
3.4
Filler Effect
87
3.4.1
Modification of Superstructure
87
3.4.2
Direct Bonding to Amorphous Polymers
87
CONTENTS
vii
3.5 Hybrid Crosslinking 91
3.6
Selection of
Antioxidant
92
3.7
Advanced
Radiation
Crosslinking 93
References
97
4
Properties of Radiation Crosslinked Polymers
103
4.1
Radiation Crosslinked Rubbers
103
4.1.1
Radiation Crosslinking of Rubbers
103
4.1.2
Properties of Radiation Crosslinked Rubbers
with PFM
105
4.1.3
Silicone
Rubber
108
4.1.4
Fluoroelastomer
110
4.2
Radiation Crosslinked Plastics
111
4.2.1
Physical Properties of Crosslinked Polymers at
Room Temperature
113
4.2.1.1
Mechanical Properties
113
4.2.1.2
Crystallinity
115
4.2.1.3
Melting Temperature
116
4.2.1.4
Cold Resistance, Hardness, and Creep
117
4.2.1.5
Wear
118
4.2.1.6
Environmental Stress-Cracking Resistance
119
4.2.1.7
Electrical Properties
119
4.2.2
Physical Properties of Crosslinked Polymers at
High Temperature
120
4.2.2.1
Melt Flow Onset Temperature and Hot Set
120
4.2.2.2
Mechanical Properties above Melting
Temperature
122
4.2.3
Biodegradability of Crosslinked Biodegradable
Plastic
123
4.3
Radiation Crosslinked
PVC
124
4.4
Radiation Crosslinked Engineering Plastic
126
4.5
Radiation Crosslinked PTFE
128
References
130
5
Application of Radiation Crosslinking
134
5.1
Heat-Shrinkable Plastic Products
134
5.1.1
Crosslinking for Shape Memory
136
5.1.2
Processes for Introducing Shape Memory Effect
138
5.1.3
Heat-Shrinkable Tubing and Film
141
5.1.4
Biomedical
Applications
141
5.1.5
Potential Industrial Applications
142
5.2
Plastic Foams
142
5.2.1
Crosslinking for Plastic Foams
143
5.2.2
Foaming
144
viii CONTENTS
5.2.3 Radiation Crosslinking Versus Peroxide
Crosslinking 144
5.2.4 Advanced
Foams
—Microcellular
Foams
146
5.3
Wire and Cable
147
5.3.1
Radiation Crosslinked Wires and Cables
148
5.3.2
Development of Environmentally Friendly Wires
and Cables
151
5.3.2.1
Lead-Free
PVC
Wires
151
5.3.2.2
Heat-Resistant Halogen-Free Wires
151
5.3.2.3
Power Harnesses for Hybrid Electric
Vehicle
152
5.3.3
Syndiotactic PP for Wire and Cable
152
5.4
Polyethylene Pipe
153
5.4.1
Application and Properties of Crosslinked
Polyethylene Pipe
153
5.4.2
Irradiation Processing of Polyethylene Pipe
155
5.5
Radial Tires
156
5.5.1
Irradiation of Body Ply
156
5.5.2
Benefit and Cost Analysis of Radiation
Crosslinking
161
5.6
O-Rings
162
References
163
6
New Application of Radiation Crosslinking
166
6.1
Positive Temperature Coefficient Polymer Products
166
6.1.1
Crosslinking for PTC
166
6.1.1.1
Carbon Black
167
6.1.1.2
Percolation Threshold
167
6.1.1.3
PTCandNTC
168
6.1.1.4
Effect of Crosslinking on NTC
170
6.1.2
Effects of Process Factors on PTC
171
6.1.2.1
Conductive Filler
172
6.1.2.2
Mixing
173
6.1.2.3
Blending of Polymers
173
6.1.2.4
Irradiation
174
6.1.2.5
Annealing
175
6.1.3
Advantages of Radiation Crosslinking
176
6.1.4
Applications of PTC Devices
176
6.2
SiC-Based High Temperature Resistant Fibers
176
6.2.1
Process
176
6.2.2
Properties
178
6.3
Artificial Joint
180
6.3.1
Artificial Hip and Knee Joint
180
6.3.2
UHMWPE for Artificial Joints
182
CONTENTS ix
6.3.3
Highly
Crosslinked UHMWPE 183
6.3.4 Crosslinked UHMWPE 185
6.3.5 Addition
of
Vitamin
E
187
6.3.6
High-Pressure Crystallized
UHMWPE 189
6.3.6.1 Uniaxial
Compression of Crosslinked
UHMWPE
189
6.3.6.2
Isostatic Compression
192
6.3.7
Compression with Vitamin
E
193
6.3.8
Clinical Introduction of Radiation Crosslinked
UHMWPE
194
6.3.9
Advantages of Radiation Crosslinking
196
References
196
7
Chain Scission and Oxidation
201
7.1
Chemistry and General Technology
201
7.2
Synthetic Polymers
209
7.2.1
PTFE
209
7.2.2
Polypropylene
216
7.2.3
Butyl Rubber
218
7.2.4
Other Synthetic Polymers
222
7.3
Cellulose and its Derivatives
224
7.3.1
Cellulose
225
7.3.2
Cellulose Derivatives
228
7.4
Polymer Stability Concerns for Radiation
Sterilization
230
7.4.1
Polypropylene
234
7.4.2
Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
238
7.4.3
Polyethylene
240
7.4.4
Other Polymers
241
References
243
8
Long-Chain Branching of Polymer Resins
248
8.1
Radiation Chemistry of Branching
248
8.1.1
Polypropylene
250
8.1.1.1
Irradiation in an Oxygen-Free or
Reduced-Oxygen Atmosphere
250
8.1.1.2
Irradiation in a Melted State
254
8.1.1.3
Irradiation with the Addition of a Branching
Promoter
254
8.1.2
Polyethylene
257
8.1.2.1
Irradiation in an Oxygen-Free or
Reduced-Oxygen Atmosphere
257
8.1.2.2
Irradiation in Air
257
8.1.3
Other Polymers
259
: CONTENTS
8.2
Effects on Rheology
262
8.2.1
Polypropylene
262
8.2.2
Polyethylene
263
8.2.3
Other Polymers
265
8.3
Processability Implications
266
8.4
Application Examples
267
8.4.1
Extrusion Coating
267
8.4.2
Foaming
268
8.4.3
Film Blowing
270
8.4.4
Other Applications
271
References
273
9
Radiation Processing of Aqueous Polymer Systems
276
9.1
Radiation Chemistry of Aqueous Polymer Systems
276
9.2
Crosslinking of Polymer Dissolved in Water
277
9.2.1
Radiation Processing of Hydrogel
277
9.2.2
Properties of
Hydrogels
278
9.2.3
Applications
279
9.2.4
Industrial Competitiveness
281
9.3
Degradation of Polysaccharide Dissolved in Water
282
9.3.1
Radiation Process
282
9.3.2
Properties and Applications of Radiation-Degraded
Polysaccharides
283
9.3.3
Industrial Competitiveness
283
9.4
Crosslinking of Polymers Dispersed in Water
284
9.4.1
Radiation Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex
284
9.4.2
Mechanical Properties of RVNR Latex Products
285
9.4.3
Safety of RVNR Latex Products
286
9.4.4
Reduction in Extractable Proteins
286
9.4.5
Commercial Applications of RVNRL
290
9.4.6
Economic Aspects of RVNRL
292
9.4.7
Industrial Competitiveness
295
References
296
10
Curing of Composites and Adhesives
300
10.1
Radiation Chemistry of Curing
300
10.2
Advanced Composites
305
10.2.1
Advantages of Radiation Curing
305
10.2.2
Aerospace Applications
312
10.2.3
Military Applications
314
10.2.4
Other advanced composite applications
315
10.3
Wood and Natural Fiber Composites
318
10.3.1
Wood-Plastic Composites
318
10.3.2
Natural Fiber-Plastic Composites
321
CONTENTS xi
10.4 Adhesives 322
10.4.1
Aerospace and
Automotive Applications 322
10.4.2
Wood Adhesive
Applications 325
10.5
Other
Applications
and Commercialization Challenges
326
10.5.1
Other
Applications 326
10.5.2
Commercialization Challenges
328
References
330
11
Radiation Graft Polymerization
334
11.1
Radiation Chemistry of Graft Polymerization
334
11.2
Grafting in Solution
338
11.2.1
Effective Use of Polymer Radicals
339
11.2.2
Enhancements of Rate and Degree of
Grafting
340
11.2.2.1
Irradiation Atmosphere, Dose, and
Dose Rate
340
11.2.2.2
Reaction Temperature
340
11.2.2.3
Solvent
340
11.2.2.4
Monomer Concentration
342
11.2.2.5
Additives
343
11.2.3
Suppression of Homopolymer Formation
343
11.3
Grafting in Emulsion
344
11.3.1
Enhanced Grafting in Emulsion
344
11.3.2
Physical Chemistry of Grafting in Emulsion
347
11.3.3
Advanced Grafting in Suspension
348
11.4
Grafting onto Inorganic Particles
348
11.4.1
Silica
349
11.4.2
Magnesia
351
11.4.3
Carbon
352
11.5
Application of Radiation Graft Polymerization
353
11.5.1
Battery Separator
354
11.5.2
Gas Absorbent
354
11.5.3
Metal Ion Adsorbent
356
11.5.3.1
Collection of Uranium in Seawater
356
11.5.3.2
Removal of Toxic Metals
358
11.5.3.3
Collection of Scandium in Hot Spring
Water
359
11.5.4
Functional Fabrics
359
11.5.5
Cell-Culturing Dish
360
11.6
Competitiveness of Radiation Grafting
361
11.6.1
Chemical Grafting
363
11.6.2
Photografting and Plasma Grafting
364
11.6.3
Nongrafting Methods
365
References
367
xii CONTENTS
12 Trends in Applications
and Future Prospect
373
12.1 General
Aspects
of
Radiation Processing 373
12.2 Status
of
Radiation Processing 375
12.2.1 Crosslinking 375
12.2.2
Chain-Scission and Long-Chain Branching
377
12.2.3
Curing
377
12.2.4
Grafting
378
12.2.5
Polymerization
379
12.3
Radiation Processing under Development
379
12.3.1
Reclamation and Recycling of Polymers
379
12.3.1.1
Blends and Composites
381
12.3.1.2
Compatibility Enhancement
383
12.3.1.3
Degradation for Reclamation and
Chemical Recycling
383
12.3.2
Nanotechnology Applications
385
12.3.2.1
Nanocomposites
386
12.3.2.2
Nanogels
390
12.3.2.3
Nanoparticles/nanoclusters
391
12.3.2.4
Nanoparticle by Radiation Polymerization
393
12.4
Prospects of Radiation Processing
394
References
396
Index
401
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Makuuchi, Keizo Cheng, Song 1977- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)131342819 |
| author_facet | Makuuchi, Keizo Cheng, Song 1977- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Makuuchi, Keizo |
| author_variant | k m km s c sc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039954909 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QD381 |
| callnumber-raw | QD381.9.R3 |
| callnumber-search | QD381.9.R3 |
| callnumber-sort | QD 3381.9 R3 |
| callnumber-subject | QD - Chemistry |
| classification_rvk | UV 9000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)785849577 (DE-599)BVBBV039954909 |
| dewey-full | 620.1/9204228 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 620.1/9204228 |
| dewey-search | 620.1/9204228 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.1 79204228 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Physik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV039954909 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:14:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470587690 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2011026156 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024812769 |
| oclc_num | 785849577 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-29T |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-29T |
| physical | XXVIII, 415 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Makuuchi, Keizo Verfasser aut Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications Keizo Makuuchi ; Song Cheng Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2012 XXVIII, 415 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references Polymers Effect of radiation on Radiation chemistry Industrial applications Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 gnd rswk-swf Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 gnd rswk-swf Strahlenhärten (DE-588)4373773-0 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd rswk-swf Bestrahlung (DE-588)4144952-6 gnd rswk-swf Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd rswk-swf Strahlen (DE-588)4183503-7 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 s Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 s Strahlen (DE-588)4183503-7 s DE-604 Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 s Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 s Bestrahlung (DE-588)4144952-6 s Strahlenhärten (DE-588)4373773-0 s Cheng, Song 1977- Verfasser (DE-588)131342819 aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024812769&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024812769&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Makuuchi, Keizo Cheng, Song 1977- Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications Polymers Effect of radiation on Radiation chemistry Industrial applications Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 gnd Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 gnd Strahlenhärten (DE-588)4373773-0 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd Bestrahlung (DE-588)4144952-6 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Strahlen (DE-588)4183503-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4057849-5 (DE-588)4027633-8 (DE-588)4373773-0 (DE-588)4114335-8 (DE-588)4144952-6 (DE-588)4046699-1 (DE-588)4183503-7 |
| title | Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications |
| title_auth | Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications |
| title_exact_search | Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications |
| title_full | Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications Keizo Makuuchi ; Song Cheng |
| title_fullStr | Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications Keizo Makuuchi ; Song Cheng |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications Keizo Makuuchi ; Song Cheng |
| title_short | Radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications |
| title_sort | radiation processing of polymer materials and its industrial applications |
| topic | Polymers Effect of radiation on Radiation chemistry Industrial applications Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 gnd Ionisierende Strahlung (DE-588)4027633-8 gnd Strahlenhärten (DE-588)4373773-0 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd Bestrahlung (DE-588)4144952-6 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Strahlen (DE-588)4183503-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polymers Effect of radiation on Radiation chemistry Industrial applications Strahlung Ionisierende Strahlung Strahlenhärten Kunststoffverarbeitung Bestrahlung Polymere Strahlen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024812769&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024812769&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT makuuchikeizo radiationprocessingofpolymermaterialsanditsindustrialapplications AT chengsong radiationprocessingofpolymermaterialsanditsindustrialapplications |