Gender and culture in psychology: theories and practices
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Cover image Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 225 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781107018037 9781107649514 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Gender and culture in psychology
Autor: Magnusson, Eva
Jahr: 2012
Contents
Preface page xi
1 Gender and culture in psychology: a prologue 1
The roots of the new psychological scholarship on gender and culture 2
Gender and culture in psychology: three kinds of issues 4
Aims of the book 5
A road map for reading 6
2 Categories and social categorization 9
Sex categories and gender categories 11
Ethnic groups, races, and racialization 12
From ethnicity to racialization: the invidious uses of nice words 13
Social class 14
Sexuality and sexualities 15
Heteronormativity 16
Who defines heterosexual sexuality? 17
Intersectionality: the interrelationship of social categories 18
3 Laying the foundation 19
Culture and human psychology 19
Defining culture 20
People as meaning-makers 21
Ordinariness, deviations, and narrative 21
Cultural psychology 22
Who holds the power over meanings? 23
Dimensions of power 24
Power and knowledge 24
Knowledge as social artifact 27
Constructionism in psychology 28
Making language an object of study 29
The historical and cultural specificity of knowledge 29
4 Theories of gender in psychology: an overview 31
Setting the stage 31
The power of situations 32
Toward a cultural psychology of gender 33
Femininity and masculinity 35
Gendered identities: mastery, appropriation, and change 36
Power, gender, and psychology 38
Asymmetries, differences, and thinking from the outside 40
Thinking intersectionally about psychological gender and identity 41
Language and gender 42
A turn to interpretation 44
What does interpretation mean in research? 44
The history of interpretative research 46
Meaning-making always takes place in a social context 47
Individual meaning-making is always situated in cultural systems 48
Researchers knowledge is always perspectival 48
A focus on reasons and interpretations 49
Where and how do interpretative researchers look for knowledge? 50
Doing interpretative psychological research 52
The landscape of interpretative research 52
Interviews and interviewing in interpretative research 53
Narratives, rich talk, and interview guides 54
Creating a good interview situation 54
How to ask questions in interviews 55
Historical truth and narrative truth in interviews 57
Refining the questions and topics as you go 57
The participants in interpretative research 58
The grounds for selecting participants 59
Selecting and engaging participants 59
Listening, reading, and analyzing 60
Analyses, rereading, and searching for patterns 61
The ethics of interpretative research 62
Reflexivity in research 64
Personal reflexivity 65
Methodological, procedural, and epistemological reflexivity 65
Reflexivity in interaction 66
Trustworthiness and generalizability in interpretative projects 67
Generalizing beyond a research project 68
Discursive approaches to studying gender and culture 70
Discourse and discourses in psychology 70
Discourse and psychology 70
Discourses and psychology 71
What is discursive psychology? 72
Thinking and talking 73
Critical discursive psychology 74
Feminism, discursive psychology, and sex differences 75
Language, action orientation, and meaning 76
Personal order and the stickiness of identity 77
Doing discursive research: some analytical tools 78
Ideological dilemmas 78
Interpretative repertoires 80
Subject positions 81
Subjectification, self-regulation, and productive power 82
Identity practices: constructing one s individual psychology 83
Accountability management 84
From theories and methods to research illustrations 85
8 Gender and culture in children s identity development 86
Thinking about children s development in gendered and culture-specific
contexts 87
Girls making themselves into teenagers in multiethnic Oslo 88
From little girl to teenager: heterosexuality as normative development 90
Framed by heteronormativity 91
Popular girls 92
Ordinary girls 93
The invisible dominant heteronormativity and ethnification 93
The later teenage years: bodily practices and normative heterosexuality 94
Making oneself into a bigger boy or a young man 95
Finally: young women, young men, and heterosexuality 96
9 Identity and inequality in heterosexual couples 98
Heterosexual family life and individual identity projects 99
Studying couples narratives about equality and everyday life 99
Themes of equality and inequality in Nordic couples talk 100
Parenthood, fatherhood, and motherhood 102
Internal limits and boundaries in modern heterosexual couples 102
The different meanings of gender 104
Taking stock: what can interpretative research tell us about identity and
power in heterosexual couples? 105
10 Coercion, violence, and consent in heterosexual
encounters 109
From technologies of heterosexual coercion to the cultural
scaffolding of rape 109
Studying technologies of heterosexual coercion and their psychological effects 110
The tyranny of normal heterosexuality 111
Is it possible to say no? 111
What happens if the woman refuses? 112
Men as needing sex and women as nurturant - or pragmatic? 113
Discourses of male (hetero)sexuality and the cultural scaffolding of rape 114
From cultural scaffolding to individual psychology 115
The sexual revolution and modern women s heterosexuality 116
From complementary heterosexuality to complementary femininity and
masculinity 117
Conclusions from interpretative research about heterosexual coercion 117
11 Women s eating problems and the cultural meanings
of body size 119
Eating problems: setting the stage 119
Feminist approaches to women s eating problems 121
Interpretative research on eating problems: some examples 123
Probing the relational context of white women s eating problems 123
Looking beyond white, middle-class women 125
Body aesthetics or body ethics ? 127
Stepping back: what can interpretative research uncover about women s
body projects? 129
12 Psychological suffering in social and cultural context 131
Psychiatric diagnosis 132
Diagnostic category systems 134
The power of social and cultural contexts 138
Taking the long view 141
Conclusion 143
13 Feminism and gender in psychotherapy 145
Feminist protests against psychotherapy and psychiatry 146
Feminists as theorists and practitioners of psychotherapy 147
Gender, power, and ethics in psychotherapeutic relations 149
Power on the inside 150
Shifting the role of the therapist 151
The outside of therapy: an ethics of resistance 153
Discourses in the mirrored room: productive power in therapy 155
Conclusion 157
14 Comparing women and men: a retrospective on
sex-difference research 159
Differences in the history of gender in psychology 159
Early evolutionary theory 160
The early women s movement 160
Early psychology and difference thinking 161
Contemporary psychological research on differences between women
and men 162
Are there psychological differences between women and men, and boys
and girls? 163
Results of research on psychological differences between women
and men 164
Cognitive sex differences or similarities: the case of science and mathematics 167
Critical opinions of sex-difference research 169
Falsely inflated claims of difference incur serious costs to both individuals
and society 170
Other difference-producing mechanisms are confounded with sex category 172
Focusing on individual differences draws attention away from group
inequalities 173
A finding of a male-female difference has no meaning in and of itself 174
The risk of disregarding variations among women and variations
among men 174
Biological explanations and scientific reductionism 175
15 Psychology s place in society, and society s place in
psychology 178
Disciplinary reflexivity 179
Scrutinizing one s own discipline 180
Feminist disciplinary reflexivity close-up 183
Being a critical psychologist: psychology and social justice issues 185
The future of gender and culture in psychology 186
References 188
Index 219
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