Italští vlastenci a Špilberk: = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech Italian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
Muzeum Města Brna
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Text ital. und tschech. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 107 S., [8] Bl zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788086549163 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | The Carbonari and
Špilberk
A significant chapter in the history of the
Špilberk
fortress as one of the most dreaded
prisons in the Austrian monarchy is the confi¬
nement of Italian prisoners who were arriving
in the first half of the 19th century as victims
of political trials intended to suppress the
emancipation efforts for political and national
independence in the Apennine Peninsula.
Incarcerated here in
1822-1835
were twenty-
two members of the Carbonari movement
and, in
1833-1846,
twenty-one members
of the Young Italy movement, founded by
6.
Mazzini in the early 1830s.
In the first half of the 19th century, the future
character of the Apennine Peninsula was
being shaped by several distinct political
currents. One of the most important and the
best known organizations at the time, inspired
by the idea of unified Italy without the
Hapsburg rule, were the Carbonari, who,
during the first phase of Italian
Risorgimento,
paved the way for other movements to com¬
plete the unification process. Historiography
that looks at the events in the Apennine
Peninsula in that time-frame and analyzes the
process of Italian unification has not comple¬
tely clarified the beginnings of the Carbonari
movement and the principles that formed
the basis of its inception. However, it may be
stated that the Carbonari belonged, within the
range of different political groups, to those
strongly influenced by the ideas of enlighten¬
ment, the French revolution, and bonapartism.
Initially, the Carbonari movement spread
guickly in the southern part of Italy, recruiting
its members predominantly from higher
(aristocratic) social circles, both civilian and
military. However, the movement slowly
absorbed middle class influences, especially
from intellectuals and people in professional
occupations (doctors, lawyers). Gradually,
the movement penetrated farther into central
and northern Italy
(Marca,
Romagna, Lom-
bardy-Venetia).
In
1817,
preparations were underway for an
uprising in
Macerata,
which were discovered
and eleven persons received the death penalty,
eventually changed to life imprisonment.
In November
1818,
a Carbonari movement
center was discovered in
Fratta Polesine,
as
well in other parts of the Rovigo province.
Lombardy-Venetia, which was subject to
Habsburg
rule, witnessed the first clashes with
the governing political power and the first
political trials, whose victims were Carbonari
members subsequently incarcerated at
Špil¬
berk.
In the so-called Venetian trials, the main
representatives were sentenced to capital
punishment for anti-state activities, later
commuted to long prison terms to be served
at the Spilberk fortress (May
1821).
Impriso¬
ned at the end of
1820,
and sentenced in
August
1821,
were P.
Maroncelli
and S.
Pel¬
lico,
today considered (jointly with F. Confalo-
nieri) to be the best known symbols of the
Carbonari movement.
Toward the end of the 1820s, especially after
repressions from the Austrian side following
the revolutionary events of
1820-1821,
the
Carbonari movement slid into an inner crisis.
Some rather ineffective steps were taken after
1830
to resuscitate the Carbonari tradition
and political clout by adopting a new, more
open and more pragmatic structure presented
as reformed Carbonari movement or refor¬
med democratic Carbonari movement , but
these efforts did not succeed on a larger scale.
Young Italy Movement and
Špilberk
The Young Italy movement, which formed
a part of the national movement for unifica¬
tion and liberation
(Risorgimento),
may be
understood not only as
a continuer
of the
Carbonari movement with the aim of creating
106
an independent Italian state, but mainly as the
next level in the development and practical
use of this political ideal. The founder became
Genoan lawyer and writer, Giuseppe Mazzini.
The movement was created in
1831
in
Marseille as a secret political organization,
during Mazinni s political exile. It was orga¬
nized with a clear political program conceived
in three
mottos
-
independence, unity and
freedom. Mainly the younger generation,
unburdened by the past, concentrated around
Mazzini s persona. In
1831
Mazzini founded
a magazine,
La Giovine
Italia . This became
the voice of the movement s political program.
After four years the movement died, but it
appeared in England in
1838.
On May
5,
1848,
Guisseppe Mazzini founded a new
political platform under the name
L Associa¬
zione Nazionale Italiana ,
whose program
better suited the development of the political
situation.
In his political theses, Mazzini strongly
distanced himself from the Carbonari, whom
he rather considered a purely elitist movement
without a clear, pragmatic objective. He
blamed them for an absence of common
political action and proliferation of a definite
political program, which would appeal to as
many of the nation s demographic layers as
possible. Mazzini s political program with
humanist-religious aspects accents the process
of national liberation on the principle of a
movement across social echelons of Italian
society, presented as a common idea of
national realization augmented by the thesis
Dio e popolo .
God is projected across
society, which may be understood as work in
God s services , i. e. in services of humanity.
The result of active nationwide resistance
should be the creation of a unified Italy in
the form of a republic. The thought of the
creation of a European federation may be
understood as one of the pillars of Mazzini s
political and philosophical models. This
federation would definitively put an end to
national conflicts, and lead to a new, strong
Europe conceived on the basis of democratic
principles.
Just like the members of the Carbonari
movement, numerous members of Young Italy
spent several harsh years imprisoned in
Spilberk because of their political activity. They
arrived at Spilberk in the second wave after
the Carbonari at the beginning of the
18305.
Twenty-one of them were incarcerated until
the mid
1840
s. Most of them came from
educated, middle-class families and performed
free occupations (lawyers, doctors, architects,
engineers, writers). Imprisonment had more
psychological than physical effects in most
cases because they were treated as political
prisoners. For this reason, they had more a
stronger change at survival in a certain limited
way.
An interesting material for understanding their
prison stay is the Prisoner Log Book, providing
basic personal data on imprisoned individuals
(social status, age, physiognomy, personality
characteristics, punishment start, duration and
termination).
Members of the Young Italy movement and
their fates remain an integral part of the
history of the Austrian Monarchy s prison of
nations .
107
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Baumannová, Dagmar |
| author_facet | Baumannová, Dagmar |
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| era | Geschichte gnd Geschichte 1824-1846 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte Geschichte 1824-1846 |
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788086549163 |
| language | Czech Italian |
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| physical | 107 S., [8] Bl zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
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| spelling | Baumannová, Dagmar Verfasser aut Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg Dagmar Baumannová I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg Brno Muzeum Města Brna 2011 107 S., [8] Bl zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Text ital. und tschech. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Carboneria (DE-588)4415753-8 gnd rswk-swf Giovine Italia (DE-588)4720699-8 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1824-1846 gnd rswk-swf Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 gnd rswk-swf Italiener (DE-588)4027835-9 gnd rswk-swf Burg Spielberg Brünn (DE-588)4821183-7 gnd rswk-swf Burg Spielberg Brünn (DE-588)4821183-7 g Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 s Italiener (DE-588)4027835-9 s Geschichte 1824-1846 z DE-604 Carboneria (DE-588)4415753-8 b Geschichte z Giovine Italia (DE-588)4720699-8 b Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024802879&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Baumannová, Dagmar Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg Carboneria (DE-588)4415753-8 gnd Giovine Italia (DE-588)4720699-8 gnd Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 gnd Italiener (DE-588)4027835-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4415753-8 (DE-588)4720699-8 (DE-588)4076230-0 (DE-588)4027835-9 (DE-588)4821183-7 |
| title | Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg |
| title_alt | I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg |
| title_auth | Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg |
| title_exact_search | Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg |
| title_full | Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg Dagmar Baumannová |
| title_fullStr | Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg Dagmar Baumannová |
| title_full_unstemmed | Italští vlastenci a Špilberk = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg Dagmar Baumannová |
| title_short | Italští vlastenci a Špilberk |
| title_sort | italsti vlastenci a spilberk i patrioti italiani e lo spielberg |
| title_sub | = I patrioti italiani e lo Spielberg |
| topic | Carboneria (DE-588)4415753-8 gnd Giovine Italia (DE-588)4720699-8 gnd Politischer Gefangener (DE-588)4076230-0 gnd Italiener (DE-588)4027835-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Carboneria Giovine Italia Politischer Gefangener Italiener Burg Spielberg Brünn |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024802879&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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