The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index Erscheint: Februar 2012 |
| Beschreibung: | p. cm. |
| ISBN: | 9780521192347 9780521151641 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply |c [edited by] Jennie Popp... [et al.] |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Food |x Biotechnology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food |x Supply | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
Titel: The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply
Autor: Hughes-Popp, Jennie S
Jahr: 2012
Contents
Preface page xi
Editors xiii
Contributing Authors xiv
Abbreviations xix
1 World Population Growth and Food Supply 1
William H. Meyers and Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes
Population Growth Dynamics and Projections to 2050 3
Potential Income and Demand Growth 5
Supply Projections for Cereals from Different Sources 7
Prices Matter Too 12
Conclusions and Implications 13
2 Social Challenges: Public Opinion and Agricultural Biotechnology 17
Dominique Brassard
Using Genetically Engineered Crops in Food Production: Pro and Con
Arguments 18
Macro-Level Challenges: The Sociopolitical Context 19
Public Opinion about GE Crops Worldwide 22
European Attitudes 24
African Attitudes 24
Asian Attitudes 25
Understanding Public Opinion Dynamics 26
Conclusion 28
3 Loving Biotechnology: Ethical Considerations 32
The Rev. Lowell E. Grisham
The Christian Ethic Celebrates Discovery 33
Responsibility toward Our Neighbor 34
Responsibility for Creation 35
Other Faith Traditions' Attitudes toward Earth 37
vi Contents
Stewardship, Trust, and Responsibility 37
Giving Voice to Stakeholders 38
Openness and Trust as Process 41
The Ethic of Development 43
Model: Three Cups of Tea 45
4 Biotechnology in Crop Production 49
Eric S. Sachs
The Demand for More Food, Feed, Fuel, and Fiber 50
Population Growth, Food Prices, Hunger, and Environmental
Degradation 52
The Role of Technology and Innovation 54
Sustainable Development in Agriculture 54
The Principal Tools 55
Advanced Agronomic Practices 56
Modern Breeding and Germplasm Improvement 57
Genetic Engineering 58
Biotechnology Adoption and Trait Stacking: The Global Adoption and
Expansion of GM Crops 63
Impacts of GM Crops 64
Yield and Productivity 64
Environment 65
Economy 67
Challenges to GM Crops 69
Potential for Health and Environmental Risks 69
Risk Assessment, Regulation, and Policy 69
Misleading Information and Fear 70
The Path Forward 71
5 Biotechnology and the Control of Viral Diseases of Crops 77
Jason R. Cavatorta, Stewart M. Gray, and Molly M. Jahn
Host Plant Resistance 78
Host Plant Resistance as a Sustainable Alternative 78
Host Plant Resistance through Conventional Breeding 79
Host Plant Resistance through Genetic Engineering 79
Genomics of Virus Resistance 80
Dominantly Inherited Virus Resistance 80
Recessively Inherited Virus Resistance 81
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E 82
Detailed Understanding of a Recessive Virus Resistance
Gene 82
Transgenesis of eIF4E Controls Virus Infection 82
Intragenic Virus Resistance in Potato 84
Consumer Acceptance Issues 84
Conclusion 85
Contents vii
6 Animal Biotechnologies and Agricultural Sustainability 90
Alison Van Eenennaam and William Muir
What Is Animal Biotechnology? 93
Genetic Engineering 95
Potential Benefits 95
Concerns 99
Cloning 102
Potential Benefits 103
Concerns 104
Genomic Selection 105
Potential Benefits 106
Concerns ] 07
Functional Genomics 107
Potential Benefits 108
Concerns 110
Other B iotechnologies 110
RNAi 1 io
Modification of Rumen Microorganisms 111
Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ] 11
Conclusion 112
7 Genetically Engineered Crops Can Be Part of a Sustainable Food Supply:
Food and Food Safety Issues 122
Peggy G. Lemaax
Will Introducing Fish Genes into Strawberries Result in Health Risks? 122
Can GE Foods Have Nutritional Differences That Cause Health
Risks? 123
Does a Lack of GE Food Labeling Raise Risks for Human Consumption? 124
Did People Die after Consuming the Nutritional Supplement Tryptophan? 124
Were Potatoes Engineered to Produce a Lectin Unsafe to Eat? 125
Have Any Food Safety Studies Been Done on GE Foods? 125
Does the Transgene DNA in Foods Cause Safety Problems? 126
Can Eating Bt Protein Cause Food Safety Issues for Consumers? 127
Are Allergens Being Introduced into GE Foods? 129
Were Foods with Bt Corn Removed from the Market due to Safety
Concerns? 129
Can GE Crops Engineered to Make Pharmaceuticals Contaminate Foods? 130
Are GE Foods 100 Percent Safe? 131
Are Organic Foods Safer and Healthier than Those Grown
Conventionally? 132
What Complexities Do Future GE Trait Introductions Present? 133
Conclusion 134
Acknowledgments 134
viii Contents
8 Ecological Considerations in Biotechnology: Ecological Concerns and
Environmental Risks of Transgenic Crops 141
Mark K. Sears and Jeffrey D. Wolt
Genetically Engineered Products Now and in the Future 141
Glyphosate- and Gluphosinate-Tolerant Maize, Soybeans, and Canola 141
Bt Protein (Insecticide) Expressing Maize, Cotton, and Potatoes 142
Virus Resistance in Papaya and Squash 143
Future Crop Enhancements from GE Technology: Herbicide Tolerance
and Bt Protein in Rice 143
Fruit and Vegetable Pest Resistance 144
Future Plant Traits Derived from GE Technology 144
Animal Traits Derived from GE Technology 145
Ecological Concerns Related to Transgenic Organisms 145
Unintended Impacts 145
Resistance of Target Populations 146
Persistence and Escape (Weediness) of Transformed Plant 146
Persistence in the Environment of Products from Transgenes 146
Transfer of Genetic Material to Related Species in Habitat 147
Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) Principles 147
The Risk Assessment Process 148
Problem Formulation 148
Effects Characterization 148
Exposure Characterization 148
Risk Characterization 148
An Iterative, Tiered Approach 149
Species Selection 150
Study Design 150
Overall Risk Assessment 150
A Case Study: Bt Maize Pollen and Monarch Butterfly Risk Assessment 151
Overview 151
Universality of Approach 151
Paradigm Shift for Regulatory Agencies 152
Discussion Points and Further Needs 152
Evaluation of Strong/Weak Points of the Bt Maize: Monarch Case 152
Outcomes of Risk Assessment Process Relative to Regulation and
Introduction of Genetically Engineered Crop Plants or Livestock 152
Scale of Economy for Biotechnology Research and Development 153
9 Organic Agriculture as an Alternative to a GE-Based System 159
Erin Silva
Can Organic Agriculture Feed the World? 160
Organic Agriculture as Part of a Sustainable Agriculture Model 164
Impact of Organic Agriculture on Sustaining Ecological Health 164
Impact of Organic Agriculture on Sustaining Human Health 167
Contents
ix
Breeding for Organic Agriculture: An Alternative to GMO-Based
Breeding Technology j0g
Participatory Plant Breeding ] 79
Participatory Plant Breeding Case Study: The Organic Seed Partnership 172
Conclusion jyo
10 A Case Study of Rice from Traditional Breeding to Genomics:
Rice - Food for the Gods ] gg
Pamela Ronald
When and Where Did Farmers First Start Growing Rice? 181
The Green Revolution jg2
Efforts to Develop Rice Varieties That Are Genetically Diverse,
Are Locally Adapted, and Require Fewer Inputs 184
What We Are Learning Today: Discovering the Hidden Gems 186
Bio-Fortified
Conclusion
189
190
11 Case Study: Healthy Grown Potatoes and Sustainability of Wisconsin
Potato Production j 92
Alvin J. Bussan, Deana Knuteson, Jed Colquhoun, Larry Binning, Shelley Jansky,
Jiming Jiang, Paul D. Mitchell, Walter R. Stevenson, Russell Groves, JeffWyman,
Matt Ruark, and Keith Kelling
Standards of Practice for Healthy Grown Potatoes 193
Data Collection and Management 196
Healthy Grown Adoption 197
Healthy Grown Performance Metrics 198
Costs of the Healthy Grown Program 199
Market Challenges for Healthy Grown Potatoes 204
Value of Biotechnology to the Healthy Grown Potato Program 205
Summary 207
12 Precautionary Practice of Risk Assessment 212
Caroline (Cal) Baier-Anderson and Michelle Mauthe Harvey
Understanding the Precautionary Principle 213
Risk Assessment Contexts 214
How Much Is Too Much? 215
Drawing the Line 216
Integrating the Precautionary Principle and Risk Assessment 217
Integrating Precaution into Risk-Based Approaches 218
A Matter of Timing 219
13 Risk Assessment Approaches and Implications 223
José Falck-Zepeda and Anthony./. Cavalier!
GE Crops as Part of a Sustainable Food Supply 223
Emergence of Public Sector Research to Develop GE Crops 224
x Contents
Meeting the Needs for a Sustainable Food Supply: The Importance of
Risk Assessment and Regulation of GE Crops 224
Use of Global Regulatory Experience with GE Crops 225
Technical Improvements in GE: Opportunities for Standardized
Approaches 225
Gene Discovery, More Valuable Traits, and Regulatory Evaluation 227
Nutritional Improvements: Allergenicity, Toxicology, and Other Food
Safety Issues 228
Environmental Assessments and Long-Term Ecological Evaluation
(Modeling) 229
Cost of Compliance with Biosafety Regulation 231
Biosafety Regulatory Systems for the Developing World: A Growing
Divide? 234
Conclusion 236
14 The Context for Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture 239
Marty D. Matlock
Global Population Dynamics and Agricultural Production 240
Increasing Demands for Agricultural Products 242
Land Use Pressures 246
Water Resource Demands 248
Conclusion 249
15 Agricultural Biotechnology: Equity and Prosperity 252
Gregory D. Graffand David Zilherman
The Impacts of Transgenic Crops: Lessons of First-Generation Traits 253
Impacts Depend on Preexisting Practices and Conditions 254
Impacts Are Stochastic in Nature 254
Impacts Can Be Nonpecuniary - Convenience and Time Savings 254
Impacts Can Be Indirect - Reduced Fusarium Infestation 255
Impacts Are Scale-Neutral 255
No Evidence of Harm Even after Extensive Use 255
Incentives to Avoid Yield Drag Will Help Maintain Crop Biodiversity 256
Managing Resistance 257
Some Positive Environmental Impacts 257
The Unrealized Potential of First-Generation Traits 257
Reassessment of Biotechnology for Future Applications 258
Agricultural Biotechnology and Energy Prices 258
Second-Generation Traits 259
Shaping Policies for Sustainability 261
Regulatory Requirements 261
Intellectual Property Rights 262
Conclusion 264
Index 267 |
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| spelling | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply [edited by] Jennie Popp... [et al.] Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2012 p. cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Erscheint: Februar 2012 Food Biotechnology Food Supply Popp, Jennie Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024794650&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply Food Biotechnology Food Supply |
| title | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply |
| title_auth | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply |
| title_exact_search | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply |
| title_full | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply [edited by] Jennie Popp... [et al.] |
| title_fullStr | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply [edited by] Jennie Popp... [et al.] |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply [edited by] Jennie Popp... [et al.] |
| title_short | The role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply |
| title_sort | the role of biotechnology in a sustainable food supply |
| topic | Food Biotechnology Food Supply |
| topic_facet | Food Biotechnology Food Supply |
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