Workplace drug testing:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Pharmaceutical Press
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 438 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780853696940 0853696942 9783769254693 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805146217438511104 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
Preface
xi
About the editor
xv
Contributors
xvii
Abbreviations
xix
1
Epidemiology of drug use in the working population
1
Alain Verstraete
Introduction
2
Drug use on a global scale
2
Drug use in Europe
3
Employment status of respondents in drug use surveys
11
Studies in workplace fatalities
13
Studies of people who start rehabilitation
13
Studies in prisoners
13
Workplace drug testing in different countries, regions or industries
15
Data from the United States
23
Conclusion
31
References
32
2
Effects of drugs on human performance
35
Elke
Raes
and Alain Verstraete
Introduction
36
Methods for measuring the effect of drugs on performance
37
Effects of different drug classes on performance
42
Amphetamine and MDMA (ecstasy)
42
Cannabinoids
46
Cocaine
52
LSD
55
Heroin
57
Conclusion
60
References
61
vi
I Contents
3
The evidence base for workplace drug testing
71
Alain Verstraete
Introduction
72
Does drug testing deter drug use in employees?
73
Does workplace drug testing reduce the number of accidents
and injuries?
79
Does drug testing improve productivity?
85
Meta-analyses and Cochrane reviews
93
Conclusion
95
References
95
4
Legal and regulatory aspects of workplace drug testing
99
John O'Sullivan
Introduction
100
The challenge for transnational companies
102
Workplace testing modalities
103
The employment contract
105
Employer's duty of care
107
European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
107
Right to privacy
109
Consent to being tested for intoxicants
109
Privacy and bodily integrity
110
EL) data protection legislation
112
Health and safety
114
Occupational health and workplace drug testing
115
Global background
117
Specific workplace drug testing legislation in Europe
119
Review of selected international case law
129
Conclusion
142
References
143
5
Policies for drugs and alcohol
147
Lindsay Hadfield
Introduction
147
Background
148
Workplace policies
149
Where do you start?
149
Who do you involve?
151
Working group activities
153
Key elements of a policy
154
Testing
-
the practicalities
164
Contents
I
vii
Conclusion
173
Sources of information
173
References
174
6
Urine sample collection process
175
Per
Björklöv
Introduction
176
Urine collection
176
Other matrices
184
Conclusion
185
Further reading
185
7
Alternative matrices to urine
187
Pascal Kintz
Introduction
1
88
Oral fluid
189
Sweat
197
Hair
199
Recent trends in the use of alternative specimens for workplace
drug testing
210
Conclusion
211
References
212
8
Analytical techniques
217
Danielle Borrey
Introduction
218
Screening tests
219
Confirmation tests
233
Mass analysis
237
Increase throughput
241
Method validation
243
Quality of results
245
Conclusion
246
References
246
9
Specimen adulteration
249
Claire George
Introduction
249
Mechanisms of specimen adulteration
251
Effect of adulterants on immunoassays
254
Effect of adulterants on confirmatory techniques
276
viii
I Contents
Detection of specimen adulteration
278
Specimen adulteration and quality assurance
283
Alternative matrices and adulteration
286
Conclusion
287
References
288
10
Interpretation of urine drug test results by the medical
review officer
293
Helen Vangikar
Introduction
293
Qualifications
295
The medical review process
297
MRO
checklist
300
Additional roles of the
MRO
300
Urine physiology
301
Specimen validity testing
301
Cannabis
303
Opiates
307
Cocaine
311
Amphetamines
314
Benzodiazepines
317
Alcohol
319
Other drugs
322
Summary
325
References
326
11
Guidelines for workplace drug testing
331
Leenden
J
Mosten
and Ronald Agius
History
331
General principles of workplace drug testing guidelines
332
Comparing workplace drug testing guidelines
334
Conclusion
334
References
349
12
Case studies
351
Per
Björklöv
Introduction
351
UK: South West Trains Drug and Alcohol Programme
352
Germany:
Degussa
policy with respect to drug screening
356
Sweden: Drug testing, case study from a Swedish transportation
company,
Flygbussarna
Airport Coaches
360
Contents
I
ix
13
Australian perspectives
365
John
H
Lewis
Introduction
365
Background
366
Drug use in the Australian workplace
368
Laboratory interpretation
369
On-site drug testing in Australia
370
Extent of drug testing in Australia
371
Alternative matrix testing in the workplace
371
The impact of random drug testing in the workplace
372
The future
372
Conclusion
372
References
373
14
Canadian perspectives
375
Barb Butler
Introduction
376
Alcohol and drug use patterns in Canada
377
Alcohol and drug policies and testing programmes: recent trends
380
Conclusion
394
Endnotes 395
15
A New Zealand perspective
397
Susan Nolan
Introduction
397
History
398
Legislation and standards
400
Practices, policy and procedures
401
Epidemiology: New Zealand drug trends
408
Australian/New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS
4308 : 2008 411
Oral fluid testing in the workplace
413
Conclusion
413
References
414
Index
417
This comprehensive text provides dear explanations of the effects of drugs
on human performance and the need for workplace drug testing. It provides
essential information on the regulatory and legal frameworks around the
world, how to set policies and coverage of all aspects of drug analysis and the
associated interpretation of results.
Contents include:
•
epidemiology of drug use in the working population
•
the evidence base and guidelines for workplace drug testing
•
legal, regulatory aspects and policies for drugs and alcohol
•
urine and alternative sample collection process
•
analytical techniques and specimen adulteration.
Case studies of successful programmes are aiso included to illustrate the
principles discussed.
Written by internationally acknowledged experts this informative book will
be essential reading for anyone interested in workplace drug testing or
setting up such a system including clinical and forensic toxicologists,
occupational health physicians, nurses, human resources, drug counselling
and treatment providers, analytical chemists and lawyers.
Alain Verstraete is Professor at the Department of Clinical Chemistry,
Microbiology and immunology, Ghent University., Ghent, Belgium and
Department Head of the Toxicology Laboratory of the Laboratory of Clinical
Biology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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