The international law of human rights:
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Format: | Buch |
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Oxford Univ. Press
2011
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ISBN: | 9780195568806 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | CONTENTS
Table of Cases
xix
Table of Statutes
xxvi
Acronyms
xliii
Preface
xlviii
PART
1:
INTRODUCING HUMAN RIGHTS
1 THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS
2
1.1
Introduction
3
1.2
Background to the Universal Declaration
4
1.2.1
From the First to the Second World War
4
1.2.2
The Charter of the United Nations
5
1.2.3
The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg
13
1.3
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
13
1.3.1
Drafting by the UN Commission on Human Rights
13
1.3.2
The Final Draft of the UDHR
18
1.4
The International Covenants
24
1.4.1
The Debate over Categorising Rights
24
1.4.2
Drafting the International Covenants
25
1.4.3
Justiciability
29
1.5
Changing Approaches to International Human Rights
32
1.5.1
Post-Colonialism and the Influence of Newly
Independent States
32
1.5.2
Emergence of Human Rights as a Mainstream
Legal, Social and Political Issue
35
2
EARLIER CONCEPTIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
36
2.1
Introduction
36
2.2
Individual Rights
37
2.2.1
Natural Law (Not Natural Rights)
38
2.2.2
Natural Rights
41
2.2.3
Similar Traditions
44
2.2.4
Natural Rights in Politics
45
2.2.5
The Decline of Natural Rights
51
2.2.6
The Significance of Natural Rights to the UDHR
53
2.2.7
Common Law Rights
54
2.3
Social Rights
55
2.3.1
Private Property and Marxism
56
2.3.2
The Russian Revolution
56
2.3.3
Western Socialism
58
2.4
Dignity and Universality
59
2.4.1
Dignity
60
2.4.2
Universality
69
2.5
Future Challenges for the Idea of Human Rights
75
PART
2:
THE SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS
79
3
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
80
3.1
Introduction
81
3.2
The Substantive Rights
81
3.2.1
The Right to Self-Determination: Article
1 81
3.2.2
The Right to Life: Article
б
83
3.2.3
Freedom from Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment: Article
7 84
3.2.4
Freedom from Slavery and Compulsory Labour: Article
8 86
3.2.5
Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Detention: Article
9 87
3.2.6
Right to Humane Treatment in Detention: Article
10 89
3.2.7
Freedom from Imprisonment for Debt: Article
11 90
3.2.8
Freedom of Movement: Article
12 90
3.2.9
Procedural Rights of Aliens: Article
13 92
3.2.10
Right to a Fair Trial and Related Rights in the
Judicial System: Article
14 93
3.2.11
Prohibition on Retrospective Criminal Laws: Article
15 95
3.2.12
Right to Personal Standing Before the Law: Article
16 96
3.2.13
Right to Privacy: Article
17 96
3.2.14
Freedom of Thought, Conscience
and Religion: Article
18 98
3.2.15
Freedom of Opinion and Expression: Article
19 101
3.2.16
Prohibition on Propaganda for War and Advocacy of
National, Racial or Religious Hatred: Article
20 102
3.2.17
Freedom of Assembly: Article
21 103
3.2.18
Freedom of Association: Article
22 105
3.2.19
Freedom to Marry and Found a Family and Protection
of the Family: Article
23 106
3.2.20
Protection of Children: Article
24 108
3.2.21
Right to Political Participation: Article
25 109
3.2.22
Freedom from Discrimination: Article
26
111
3.2.23
Minority Rights: Article
27
111
3.3
Nature
of Obligations Under the ICCPR
112
3.3.1
Immediate Nature of Obligations
112
3.3.2
Duties to Respect, Protect and Ensure
Human Rights
113
3.3.3
Limitations and Derogations
116
3.4
Optional Protocols
121
3.5
Case Study: The Right to Life
121
3.5.1
Text of Article
6
of the ICCPR
122
3.5.2
Scope of Prohibition: Arbitrary Deprivation of Life
122
3.5.3
State Killing
123
3.5.4
Capital Punishment
124
3.5.5
Abortion and Euthanasia
127
3.5.6
Socio-Economic and Environmental Issues
130
3.5.7
Concluding Remarks on the Right to Life
132
3.6
Conclusion and Issues
132
4
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
134
4.1
Introduction
135
4.1.1
From Theory to Practice
135
4.1.2
The US and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
136
4.2
The Substantive Rights
138
4.2.1
Overview of ICESCR
138
4.2.2
The Rights to Equality and Non-Discrimination:
Articles
2
and
3 139
4.2.3
The Right to Work: Articles
6, 7
and
8 140
4.2.4
The Right to Social Security: Article
9 140
4.2.5
The Right to Protection and Assistance for the Family
and the Prohibition of Child Labour: Article
10 141
4.2.6
The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living: Article
11 142
4.2.7
The Right to Health: Article
12 146
4.2.8
The Right to Education: Articles
13
and
14 148
4.2.9
The Right to Take Part in Cultural Life: Article
15 149
4.3
Nature of Obligations
150
4.3.1
Tripartite Typology of Obligations
150
4.3.2
Obligation To Take Steps
...
By All Appropriate Means
151
4.3.3
Progressive Realisation
154
4.3.4
Maximum of Available Resources
155
4.3.5
Minimum Core Obligations
157
4.3.6
Limitations to and Derogations from the ICESCR
163
4.4
Optional Protocol
166
4.4.1
Jurisdictional Limits Imposed on Complainants
167
4.5
Transforming Rights Into Reality: Domestic Adjudication
of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
168
4.5.1
South Africa
168
4.5.2
India
173
4.6
Case Study: The Right to Water
179
4.6.1
Is There a Human Right to Water?
179
4.6.2
Determining the Scope and Content of the Right to Water
182
4.6.3
Privatising Water Services
184
4.7
Conclusion and Issues
186
PART
3:
THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK
189
5
THE FRAMEWORK OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM
190
5.1
Introduction
190
5.1.1
UN Structure
191
5.1.2
UN Membership
191
5.2
General Assembly
192
5.2.1
Overview
192
5.2.2
Human Rights
193
5.3
Security Council
195
5.3.1
Overview
195
5.3.2
Action
v
Inaction: The Perennial Dilemma
197
5.4
Secretariat
201
5.5
The International Court of Justice
202
5.6
Economic and Social Council
205
5.7
Human Rights Council
206
5.8
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
206
5.9
Commission on the Status of Women
209
5.10
Treaty Bodies
209
5.11
Conclusion and Issues
209
6
THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL
210
6.1
The UN Commission on Human Rights
210
6.1.1
Inquiries into Gross and Systematic Human
Rights Abuses
211
6.1.2
Subcommission on
the Promotion and Protection
of Human Rights
212
6.1.3
Special Procedures
214
6.1.4
Inaction in the Face of Atrocities
214
6.1.5
Politicisation of the Commission and Calls for Reform
215
6.2
The Human Rights Council
217
6.2.1
Structure of the Human Rights Council:
Depoliticisation?
218
6.2.2
Election to the Human Rights Council
218
6.2.3
Universality and Non-Selectivity
221
6.3
Sessions of the Human Rights Council
221
6.3.1
The First Session: June
2006 221
6.3.2
Conduct of a Council Session
224
6.3.3
Special Sessions
225
6.4
Advisory Committee
227
6.5
Special Procedures
228
6.6
Complaint Procedure
230
6.7
Universal Periodic Review
231
6.7.1
Basis of the UPR
232
6.7.2
UPR Process
232
6.7.3
Outcomes of the UPR
236
6.7.4
Value of the UPR
242
6.8 NGO
Participation
242
6.9
Conclusion and Issues
243
7
THE HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY SYSTEM
244
7.1
Introduction
245
7.2
International Treaty Practice
245
7.2.1
Declarations
245
7.2.2
Covenants, Conventions and Treaties
246
7.2.3
Ratification, Accession, Acceptance and Succession
247
7.2.4
Reservations, Declarations and Understandings
248
7.2.5
Denunciation and Derogation
251
7.2.6
State Obligations to Give Effect to a Human
Rights Treaty
251
7.2.7
Giving Effect to a Treaty in a Dualist System
253
7.3
The Core Human Rights Treaties
254
7.3.1
Optional Protocols
254
7.3.2
States Parties to the Core Human Rights Treaties
255
7.3.3
Overlap Among Treaties
256
7.3.4
International Bill of Rights
258
7.3.5
ICESCR: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
258
7.3.6
ICCPR: Civil and Political Rights
259
7.3.7
ICERD: Racial Discrimination
260
7.3.8
CEDAW: Discrimination Against Women
261
7.3.9
CAT: Protection Against Torture
262
7.3.10
CROC: Children s Rights
265
7.3.11
ICRMW: Rights of Migrant Workers
266
7.3.12
CRPD: Rights of People with Disabilities
267
7.3.13
ICPED: Protection from Enforced Disappearance
268
7.4
The Treaty Bodies
268
7.4.1
Treaty Bodies Purpose
269
7.4.2
Membership
271
7.4.3
Procedures
274
7.4.4
State Reports
275
7.4.5
General Comments and Recommendations
281
7.4.6
State-to-State Communications
281
7.4.7
Individual Communications
282
7.4.8
Treaty Body Reform
284
7.5
Conclusion and Issues
290
8 REGIONAL
MECHANISMS
291
8.1
Overview of Regional Systems
292
8.2
Europe
293
8.2.1
The Council of Europe
293
8.2.2
The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms
293
8.2.3
The European Court of Human Rights
294
8.2.4
The European Social Charter
298
8.3
The Americas
299
8.3.1
The Organization of American States
299
8.3.2
The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
299
8.3.3
The American Convention on Human Rights
300
8.3.4
The Inter-American Commission of Human Rights
301
8.3.5
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
302
8.3.6
The Legacy of Military Dictatorships
303
8.4
Africa
303
8.4.1
The African Union
304
8.4.2
The African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights
304
8.4.3
The Children s Charter and the Women s Protocol
305
8.4.4
The African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights
306
8.4.5
The African Commission Complaints Procedures
306
8.4.6
Periodic State Reporting to the African Commission
308
8.4.7
The African Court on Human and Peoples Rights
308
8.5
The Arab Region
309
8.5.1
The Arab Charter on Human Rights
309
8.5.2
The Arab Human Rights Committee
311
8.6
The Asia-Pacific Region
311
8.6.1
The Asian Reluctance About Rights?
312
8.6.2
ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission
on Human Rights (AICHR)
314
8.7
Conclusion and issues
315
9
THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS
(NGOS) 316
9.1
Introduction
316
9.2
The Idea of an
NGO 317
9.2.1
Defining an
NGO 317
9.2.2
IGOs, NHRIs and CSOs
322
9.2.3
A Brief History of
NGOs 323
9.2.4 NGOs
Functions and Activities
324
9.3 NGOs
at the UN
327
9.3.1
Article
71
of the UN Charter
327
9.3.2 NGO
Consultative Status Under
ECOSOC 328
9.3.3
UN Observer Status
332
9.3.4 NGO
Relations with the UN
332
9.4 NGOs
and Nation States
333
9.4.1
Criticisms
334
9.4.2
Silencing
NGOs 336
9.4.3 NGO-State
Relations in Australia
338
9.5
Conclusion and Issues
339
PART
4:
AUSTRALIA
341
10
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
IN AUSTRALIA
342
10.1
Introduction
343
10.2
Treaty Ratification in Australia
343
10.2.1
Constitutional Power
344
10.2.2
Parliamentary Process
345
10.2.3
Human Right Treaties Binding on Australia
346
10.2.4
Australia s Declarations and Reservations
347
10.3
Australia s Human Rights Laws
348
10.3.1
Constitutional Rights
348
10.3.2
A Legitimate Expectation of Human Rights
Conformity
350
10.3.3
Federal Legislation
351
10.3.4
State and Territory Human Rights Laws
361
10.3.5
Anti-Discrimination Laws
366
10.4
Australian Human Rights Mechanisms
368
10.4.1
National Action Plan
368
10.4.2
Australian Human Rights Commission
369
10.4.3
Other Federal Human Rights Agencies
374
10.4.4
State and Territory Human Rights Agencies
375
10.4.5
Legislation Scrutiny Committees
375
10.4.6
Statutory Interpretation by the Courts
376
10.4.7
Common law Development by the Courts
378
10.5
Australia s Performance Under Its Human Rights
Treaty Obligations
379
10.5.1
Universal Periodic Review
380
10.5.2
Human Rights Treaty Reporting
381
10.5.3
Visits under Thematic Mandates
386
10.5.4
Treaty Body Communications
387
10.5.5
Australia s Challenge to the International Human
Rights System
392
10.6
Conclusion and Issues
394
PART
5: HUMAN
RIGHTS
ABUSES
395
11
ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GROSS HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
396
11.1
International Humanitarian Law
396
11.1.1
Development of International
Humanitarian Law
396
11.1.2
Application of International Human Rights
Law in Times of Armed Conflict
402
11.2
Criminal Law as a Human Rights Enforcement Tool
404
11.2.1
The Nature of International Criminal Law
404
11.2.2
The Main Categories of International Crimes
406
11.2.3
International Criminal Law as Catharsis
409
11.3
Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals
412
11.3.1
Nuremberg
412
11.3.2
Tokyo
414
11.4
Ad Hoc Criminal Tribunals
414
11.4.1
The Former Yugoslavia
415
11.4.2
Rwanda
417
11.4.3
Hybrid Courts and Tribunals
419
11.5
International Criminal Court
419
11.6
Conclusion and Issues
422
PART
6:
VULNERABLE PEOPLE
425
12
CHILDREN
426
12.1
Introduction
426
12.2
International Legal Framework: From the Declaration
to the Convention
427
12.2.1
Declaration of Geneva
427
12.2.2
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
427
12.2.3
Convention on the Rights of the Child
429
12.2.4
Optional Protocols
434
12.2.5
State Responses to the CROC: Focus on the United States
435
12.2.6
Other Instruments and Developments
437
12.3
Committee on the Rights of the Child
440
12.3.1
Mandate and Reporting Procedures
440
12.3.2
New Draft Communications Procedure
441
12.4
Case Study: Children and Armed Conflict
442
12.4.1
Overview
442
12.4.2
Legal Framework
445
12.4.3
Accountability
447
12.5
Conclusion and Issues
450
13
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
451
13.1
Introduction
451
13.1.1
The Place of Indigenous Peoples
451
13.1.2
Race Theory
453
13.2
The International Framework
454
13.2.1
Recent History
454
13.2.2
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
455
13.2.3
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination
457
13.2.4
Special Rapporteur
459
13.2.5
Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
460
13.2.6
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
460
13.2.7
United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations
461
13.2.8
International Decades of the World s Indigenous People
461
13.2.9
Regional Mechanisms
462
13.3
Current Issues
465
13.3.1
Self-Determination
466
13.3.2
Right to Culture
466
13.3.3
Customary Law
470
13.4
Conclusion and Issues
471
14
PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
473
14.1
Introduction
473
14.1.1
The Idea of Disability
474
14.2
The International Framework
477
14.2.1
Towards a Treaty
477
14.2.2
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities
482
14.3
The United Nations and Disability
487
14.3.1
Regional Activity
488
14.4
Domestic Laws
490
14.5
Case Study: The Right to Life
491
14.5.1
The Case of Jason Dawes
492
14.5.2
The Case of Matthew Sutton
493
14.6
Conclusion And Issues
494
15
REFUGEES
495
15.1
Introduction
496
15.2
The Idea of a Refugee
496
15.2.1
Refugees are not Illegal
497
15.3
International Arrangements for Refugees
498
15.3.1
The Refugee Convention and Protocol
498
15.3.2
The United Nations High Commission for Refugees
500
15.3.3
Arrangements for Refugees in Regional Instruments
500
15.4
The Idea of Asylum
502
15.4.1
The Reluctance of States
503
15.4.2
Safe Third Country
504
15.4.3
No Right of Entry
504
15.4.4
Non-Refoulement
504
15.5
Applying for Asylum
506
15.5.1
Proving a Claim
506
15.5.2
A Well-Founded Fear
507
15.5.3
A Fear of Persecution
508
15.5.4
The Grounds of Persecution
508
15.5.5
Grounds Arising After Fleeing—a Refugee
Sur
Place
512
15.5.6
Extra territorial Processing
512
15.5.7
Losing Refugee Status
514
15.6
The Lawfulness of Detention
515
15.7
The Human Rights of Refugees
516
15.7.1
Arbitrary Detention and Torture
517
15.7.2
Conditions of Detention
519
15.8
Protecting People Who are not Refugees
520
15.8.1
Economic Refugees
520
15.8.2
Environmental or Climate Refugees
521
15.8.3
Internally Displaced Persons
522
15.8.4
The UNHCR Mandate
522
15.8.5
Complementary Protection
523
15.8.6
Non-Refoulement
524
15.9
Conclusion and Issues
525
16
WOMEN
527
16.1
Introduction
527
16.2
A Feminist Framework
529
16.2.1
Four Stages of Feminism
530
16.3
UN Bodies
532
16.3.1
Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
532
16.3.2
UN Women
533
16.4
Women s Rights Under Human Rights Treaties
534
16.4.1
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
535
536
537
537
540
541
543
544
546
548
551
16.5
CEDAW
16.5.1
The CEDAW Committee
16.5.2
The Provisions of CEDAW
16.5.3
Reservations to CEDAW
16.5.4
Women s Human Rights?
16.5.5
Into the Private Sphere
16.5.6
CEDAW s Effect on States Behaviour
16.5.7
Individual Communications Under CEDAW
16.6
The International Women s Conferences
16.7
Conclusion and Issues
17
WORKERS
552
17.1
Introduction
552
17.2
The International Labour Organisation
556
17.2.1
Formation and goals
556
17.2.2
ILO s Structure
557
17.2.3
ILO
Standards
558
17.2.4
Monitoring Compliance with
ILO
Standards
569
17.3
Effectiveness of the
ILO
572
17.4
Conclusion and Issues
576
PART
7:
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL
HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
579
18
TERRORISM, COUNTER-TERRORISM AND THE IMPACT
ON HUMAN RIGHTS
580
18.1
Introduction
580
18.2
Defining Terrorism
581
18.2.1
Drafting an International Law Definition
582
18.2.2
International Conventions and Protocols on Terrorism
583
18.2.3
Draft Comprehensive Convention on International
Terrorism
584
18.2.4
UN Security Council Resolution
1373 585
18.2.5
UN Security Council Resolution
1566 586
18.3
Case Study: Drafting a Definition of Terrorism in
Australian Law
588
18.3.1
A Terrorist Act
589
18.3.2
Case Law in Australia
590
18.4
Human Rights and (Counter) Terrorism
591
18.4.1
Setting the Context: Rights and Security
591
18.4.2
The Flexibility of International Human Rights Law
593
18.4.3
Impact on Rights
595
18.5
Conclusion and Issues
605
19
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
606
19.1
Introduction
606
19.2
The Role of Corporations in Society
607
19.3
Contemporary Developments: Appointment of the
UN Special Representative for Business and Human Rights
609
19.4
Sources of Corporate Responsibilities and Standards
for Human Rights
611
19.4.1
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Corporations
612
19.4.2
Human Rights Treaties and Corporations
612
19.4.3
The Development of Soft Law
614
19.5 Human
Rights Enforcement Through Litigation in Tort
625
19.5.1
The US approach: The Alien Tort Claims Act
626
19.5.2
Other Tort-Based Approaches For Enforcing Human Rights
629
19.6
Human Rights Enforcement Through International
Criminal Proceedings
632
19.7
Conclusion and Issues
633
20
THE EXPANDING SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
634
20.1
Introduction
634
20.2
Expanding Jurisdiction: Extra-territorial Obligations
635
20.2.1
Responsibility for State Actions Outside Territory
635
20.2.2
Responsibility to Provide Aid and Assistance
637
20.2.3
Conclusions on Extra-territoriality
638
20.3
Expanding Mandate: The Responsibility to Protect
638
20.3.1
Humanitarian Intervention
638
20.3.2
Emergence of the Responsibility to Protect
639
20.3.3
Conclusions on the Responsibility to Protect
640
20.4
Expanding Coverage: Application to Non-State Actors
642
20.4.1
The Traditional Approach
642
20.4.2
Corporations
643
20.4.3
International Institutions
643
20.4.4
Armed Groups and Individuals
646
20.4.5
Conclusions on Non-State Actors
647
Appendix
1 648
Index
651
|
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author | McBeth, Adam Nolan, Justine Rice, Simon |
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illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:14:20Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780195568806 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024786191 |
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spelling | McBeth, Adam Verfasser (DE-588)142537314 aut The international law of human rights Adam McBeth ; Justine Nolan ; Simon Rice Victoria Oxford Univ. Press 2011 XLIX, 662 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd rswk-swf Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 s Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 s DE-604 Nolan, Justine Verfasser (DE-588)1104148757 aut Rice, Simon Verfasser (DE-588)1054786534 aut Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024786191&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | McBeth, Adam Nolan, Justine Rice, Simon The international law of human rights Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4074725-6 (DE-588)4063693-8 |
title | The international law of human rights |
title_auth | The international law of human rights |
title_exact_search | The international law of human rights |
title_full | The international law of human rights Adam McBeth ; Justine Nolan ; Simon Rice |
title_fullStr | The international law of human rights Adam McBeth ; Justine Nolan ; Simon Rice |
title_full_unstemmed | The international law of human rights Adam McBeth ; Justine Nolan ; Simon Rice |
title_short | The international law of human rights |
title_sort | the international law of human rights |
topic | Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Menschenrecht Völkerrecht |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024786191&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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