Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Częstochowa
Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Social welfare-upbringing and education activities of Jewish charity societies in the Vilnius region in the Second Republic |
| Beschreibung: | 239 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788374551960 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Akademia im Jana Długosza w Częstochowie
Aleksandra Siedlaczek-Szwed
Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa
żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych
na Wileńszczyźnie
w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
Częstochowa 2011
SPIS TREŚCI
WSTĘP 9
ROZDZIAŁ I
LUDNOŚĆ ŻYDOWSKA W DRUGIEJ RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ 17
1 Żydzi w polskim ustawodawstwie o mniejszościach narodowych 17
2 Struktura zawodowa i status materialny Żydów 23
3 Żydowskie życie religijne (z uwzględnieniem Wileńszczyzny) 27
4 Żydowskie ugrupowania polityczne (z uwzględnieniem Wileńszczyzny) 30
ROZDZIAŁ II
UWARUNKOWANIA DZIAŁALNOŚCI OŚWIATOWEJ TOWARZYSTW ŻYDOWSKICH 33
1 Tradycje oświaty żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich 33
2 Wpływ przemian społeczno-politycznych na stan oświaty żydowskiej
końca XIX i pierwszej połowy XX wieku na ziemiach polskich 52
3 Uwarunkowania prawne szkolnictwa żydowskiego w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej 71
ROZDZIAŁ III
ORGANIZACJA I CELE PRACY OŚWIATOWO-KULTURALNEJ I OPIEKUŃCZO-WYCHOWAWCZEJ
TOWARZYSTW ŻYDOWSKICH 85
1 Ramy organizacyjne działań oświatowo-wychowawczych na Wileńszczyźnie 85
2 Szkoły Żydowskiego Stowarzyszenia Oświatowo-Kulturalnego „Tarbut 105
3 Struktury organizacyjne i działalność innych towarzystw żydowskich 128
ROZDZIAŁ IV
WYCHOWANIE FIZYCZNE W ORGANIZACJACH SPORTOWYCH -
ŻYDOWSKICH i POLSKICH 157
ZAKOŃCZENIE 175
BIBLIOGRAFIA 181
ANEKSY 201
SUMMARY 235
Summary
Social Welfare-Upbringing and Education Activities of Jewish
Charity Societies in the Vilnius Region in the Second Republic
During the interwar period, apart from Polish pedagogues there were also
Jewish activists working on the theory of welfare work and organising, within
the state social welfare system, a network of welfare institutions that met spe¬
cific needs of the Jewish minority in Poland. They were mostly members of the
Union of Societies Caring for Jewish Orphans in the Republic of Poland (Cen¬
tos). The Board of Directors of the Union made efforts for recognition of the Un¬
ion by local, central and parliamentary authorities as well as by world Jewish or¬
ganisations. The Union became an advocate of Jewish orphans all over the coun¬
try. Altogether, Centos was an association of
347
local committees scattered
over the entire territory of Poland.
Welfare activities meant satisfying the biological needs, and were emer¬
gency activities in character. They were provisional and spontaneous (dominated
by interpersonal donor
-
recipient relations). The Union activists made use of
Western, Polish, and their own welfare ideas and practical solutions. One of the
major sources of knowledge on their understanding of basic concepts of social
welfare pedagogy, such as: care, upbringing, orphanhood, was
Przegląd
Społeczny
[Social Review], a press organ of Jewish orphan action in Poland.
The financial means for lifesaving and social welfare during the war were pro¬
vided by chanty. Diversified social welfare activity conducted in independent
Poland was, to a large extent, inspired by territorial and research activities con¬
ducted by many tutors and research workers. The leading representative of social
pedagogy in Poland was Helena
Radlinská
who looked at the preparation for so¬
cial work in the categories of psychological and moral training, lifesaving skills,
organisation of cohabitation in new environments and taking up auxiliary and
independent jobs. In her opinion, the idea of social service advances with forma¬
tion of modern concepts in the lives of human groups and individuals.
H. Rad¬
linská
relied on mutual sympathy among human beings, on avocation to the
symptoms of the joy of living, on the fact that helping others is a pleasure and it
may become
-
and often becomes
-
an object of passionate urge, on the fact that
236
Summary
gratitude and respect is a reward, and rewards do encourage people to act more
effectively than their fear of punishment. She also stated: let us make their moti¬
vation positive instead of making it negative. The effect of enthusiasm is invalu¬
able, even when the enthusiasm of donors is necessary only to oppose the dejec¬
tion of the suffering. Charity was a characteristic trait of welfare for Jewish or¬
phans. It was, however, valued negatively, stressing that the appropriate care of
the orphans should be carried out within the system of the state welfare system.
Social welfare, planned and financed by the authorities was juxtaposed to char¬
ity. Social welfare was said to be characterised by: planning, permanence, pro¬
fessionalism and rationalism, support of the state, forms of care corresponding to
diversified needs of children, responsibility for the orphans and their future.
When analysing the texts concerning welfare activities, one can come to
a conclusion that Jewish activists tried to transform the lifesaving action started
at the time of war into regular social welfare system by trying to depart from
charity and finding support in the state system of social welfare. The government
was expected to provide welfare and the society was expected to provide aid.
The welfare and upbringing role in Jewish welfare institutions combined the
needs of traditional upbringing with modern upbringing. Majority of them re¬
mained or sympathised with the Zionist ideology. They made use of the latest
achievements of Western and Polish pedagogy. The system of self-government
of children brought up in an institution was disseminated not only under the in¬
fluence of
Janusz Korczak.
The principles of education were propagated by Al¬
fred
Adler,
Maria Montessori, Ovid Decroly and
Georg
Kerschcnsteiner.
During the interwar period, the most outstanding writers, poets and journal¬
ists originating from Jewish environment also expressed their opinions on up¬
bringing.
The authoress, interested in the problems of children s welfare, made an at¬
tempt to show the activities of Jewish educational and cultural societies involved
in providing welfare to children and adolescents in the region of Vilnius.
The need to investigate this complex issue arose from an impulse to show
the effort and dedication of the Vilnius community undertaken in the name of
social welfare. As new phenomena arise, along with the fast pace of everyday
life, important events of the past fade away in human memory. Documents certi¬
fying the effort of the bygone generations keep disappearing. Hence, it became
the ambition of the authoress to reveal those noble achievements in the field of
welfare and upbringing of children and adolescents expecting help from their
community and exemplification of welfare and upbringing activities practised by
the societies. It is my conviction that pro-social behaviour, including altruistic
behaviour, were expressions of welfare and upbringing attitudes of people who
237
valued human well being above anything else and often devoted all their lives to
provide better life to other people.
The fundamental targets of the undertaken investigation were: to reconstruct
reasons and circumstances of spreading the umbrella of social welfare, to indi¬
cate incentives contributing to development of welfare ideas over the discussed
period of time and to reveal mechanisms causing development and extension of
the activities, to carry our an assessment of the welfare and upbringing work in
terms of social needs, to expand the criteria that the institutions caring for chil¬
dren had to satisfy in the Second Republic.
The paper is of historical and pedagogical nature, therefore, many different
research methods were used during the actual research and analysis of the col¬
lected material and editorial ordering of the results.
An important source for the paper turned out to be monographs and
articles
published in such periodicals as:
Przegląd Społeczny
[Social Review],
Opie¬
kun Społeczny
[Social Worker],
Oświata i Wychowanie
[Education and Up¬
bringing],
Praca i Opieka Społeczna
[Social Work and Welfare],
Przegląd
Pedagogiczny
[Pedagogical Review],
Wychowawca
[The Tutor]. In the
interwar period, the press was uncommonly diversified in terms of ideological
trends, goals and contents. Pedagogical press played an important role. Jewish
periodicals in the interwar Poland were published in Yiddish, Hebrew and in
Polish. For small, provincial communities, the press was often the basic, or even
the only source of contact with the world. As for the political aspect, Jewish
press in Poland was generally characterised by a higher degree of loyalism to¬
wards the state than that displayed by the periodicals published by German,
Ukrainian or Lithuanian minorities, which is evidenced by confiscation statistics.
In early
1919,
in the environment of reviving Polish statehood, there were
44
Jewish periodicals published,
18
of which were daily papers. They were very di¬
versified politically, which reflected the public feelings expressed by a range of
slogans from the extreme conservative and orthodox and nationalistic slogans,
through the reformation movement to the revolutionary left wing. Their readers
gained knowledge on the up-to-date issues of welfare and upbringing and were
able to find both a source of inspiration for their own search for new pedagogical
solutions and ready-made methods of welfare and upbringing work. Subject ref¬
erence included publications by pedagogues and feature writers well known dur¬
ing the interwar period. In the discussed period, we deal with great creators of
Polish pedagogy and welfare practice whose activities was appreciated in many
European countries. One of them was
Janusz Korczak
(1874-1942),
the author
of contemporary principles of modern child care, based on pedagogical diagnos¬
tics and subjective treatment of children. A significant contribution to reforming
and modernising the welfare and upbringing system and training staff for the
238
Summary
welfare and upbringing work was made by
Józef Czesław Babicki
(1880-1952).
Whereas,
Kazimierz Jeżewski
(1877-1948)
made an attempt at overcoming de¬
fective institutional upbringing by organising
sieroce gniazda
[orphan s nests],
a kind of foster families. His activities were supported by his outstanding con¬
temporaries, such as: Maria Konopnicka, Eliza
Orzeszkowa, Henryk Sien¬
kiewicz, Władysław Reymont
and others. There was also the noteworthy contri¬
bution made by
H. Radlinská
(1879-1954),
who displayed her modern attitude
to solving welfare and upbringing as well as cultural and educational problems,
assuming that it is possible to form educational environment in an individual s
natural living environment. It is also worthwhile to mention the welfare activi¬
ties concerning handicapped children, initiated by Maria Grzegorzewska
(1888—
1967)
in her research on methods of teaching and upbringing. To learn more
about those issues, it is important to get acquainted with works on pedagogues,
tutors and social activists of the interwar period and their publications. A list of
such publications can be found in the bibliography. Apart from those, the paper
is also based on extensive archival and printed reference. They contain informa¬
tion about activities of the societies for the development of child care in Poland
in the interwar period.
The fundamental source base for this paper were archive materials. An ex¬
tensive collection of documents that can be found in File No
172
in the Lithua¬
nian Central State Archive in Vilnius, in the Office of Vilnius School District, in
the Ministry of Religious Creeds and Public Enlightenment, the Republic of Po¬
land. File No
5376,
the Statutes of Cultural and Educational Societies, No
295
Jewish Educational and Cultural Associations Tarbut in Poland, Branch Office
in Vilnius, The Republic of Poland, No
337
Jewish Association of the Deaf
Mute in Vilnius
-
The Republic of Poland, No
53
of the Municipal District Of¬
fice of the City of Vilnius
-
the Republic of Poland from the years
1921-1939,
Inventory No
23.
Division of general Administration, Administration and Law
Division, Division of the Press, Associations and Entertainment, Military Divi¬
sion, Department of Health and Social Welfare, Personnel Department, File No
3219
Documents of the Chinuch-Tora-Zichron Menachcm Association in Vil¬
nius; File No
3277
Tamchej Timini Association; File No
3419
Jewish Associa¬
tion of the Deaf Mute in Vilnius; File No
1925
Documents of the Torjas
Emes
Association; File No
1672
Philanthropic and Educational Association Labor ;
File No
2483
The Society of Orphans Nests; File No
2607
Statute of Brotherly
Aid of Students of the Jewish Institute of Music; File No
2778
Documents of
Jewish Youth Association Brit-Trumpeldor
-
Bejtar ; File No
2806
Documents
of Jewish Association for Special Education; File No
3019
Society of Culture
and Education; File No
3076
Vilnius Jewish Educational Association; File No
2902
Documents of the Society for Propagating Physical Culture for Women,
239
Vilnius
Branch; File No
1619
documents concerning Jewish Sports Society
Makabi in Vilnius; File No
2391
Central Vilnius Union of Polish Sports So¬
cieties; File No
1489
Union of Gymnastic Society
Sokół
in Poland, Vilnius
District; File No
1751
Wilija Sports Society; File No
2391
Central Vilnius
Union of Polish Sports Societies; File No
2001
Chleb
Dzieciom ^Bread to the
Children] Welfare Association; File No
2998
Gcmilus Chesed Charity Asso¬
ciation; File No
2997
Ansy Chaim
Charity Association; File No
2999
Ezras
Chaim Charity Association.
The Lithuanian Central Archive is the largest archive in that country. It pre¬
serves documents concerning offices, business enterprises, institutions and or¬
ganisations from the years
1918-1990.
All the measurable traits of issues of interest to the authoress were investi¬
gated. After comparing the most important events, facts which concerned condi¬
tions of social activities in the twenty interwar years were stressed.
Problem layout was assumed in the paper that covers the years
1918-1939.
The paper is divided into four chapters, in which welfare and upbringing issues
are presented in terms of issues and their chronology. In the first chapter
,
the
authoress shows conditions determining welfare and upbringing activities of
Jewish national minority in the region of Vilnius in the Second Republic: Na¬
tional structure of the Jewish population, its financial and cultural status, as well
as the issue of Polish legislation concerning national minorities. Traditions of
Jewish educational system in Poland and the influence of social and political
transformations on the institutions of Jewish education are discussed in the sec¬
ond chapter. Legislative determinants of the educational system are also dis¬
cussed.
The third chapter is about schools run by the Jewish Educational and Cul¬
tural Associations Tarbut . Organisational structures and targets of activities of
other Jewish associations are also discussed in this chapter.
In the fourth chapter, the authoress presents curricula of physical education
in Jewish and Polish sports organisations, which based their activities on the
upon the conviction that general physical fitness is essential for functioning of
an active member of society.
The paper is closed with a conclusion, bibliography and appendices, which
arc meant to be a kind of supplement and extension of the investigates issues.
The effort contributed to the activity described in this paper shows that
a well functioning system of welfare and upbringing institutions as well as a sys¬
tem of education were created. New, original, pedagogical methods were devel¬
oped, which reconciled Jewish identity with the requirements of contemporary
world, and, at the same time, another charter in the history of Jewish charity was
created.
|
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| author | Siedlaczek-Szwed, Aleksandra |
| author_facet | Siedlaczek-Szwed, Aleksandra |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Siedlaczek-Szwed, Aleksandra |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039865511 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)780108468 (DE-599)BVBBV039865511 |
| era | Geschichte 1918-1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1939 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Vilnius Region (DE-588)4227940-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Vilnius Region |
| id | DE-604.BV039865511 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:12:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788374551960 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024724972 |
| oclc_num | 780108468 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 239 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Siedlaczek-Szwed, Aleksandra Verfasser aut Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej Aleksandra Siedlaczek-Szwed Częstochowa Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza 2011 239 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Social welfare-upbringing and education activities of Jewish charity societies in the Vilnius region in the Second Republic Geschichte 1918-1939 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Wohltätigkeit (DE-588)4190155-1 gnd rswk-swf Bildungsarbeit (DE-588)4112760-2 gnd rswk-swf Vilnius Region (DE-588)4227940-9 gnd rswk-swf Vilnius Region (DE-588)4227940-9 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Wohltätigkeit (DE-588)4190155-1 s Bildungsarbeit (DE-588)4112760-2 s Geschichte 1918-1939 z DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024724972&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024724972&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Siedlaczek-Szwed, Aleksandra Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Wohltätigkeit (DE-588)4190155-1 gnd Bildungsarbeit (DE-588)4112760-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4190155-1 (DE-588)4112760-2 (DE-588)4227940-9 |
| title | Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_auth | Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_exact_search | Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_full | Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej Aleksandra Siedlaczek-Szwed |
| title_fullStr | Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej Aleksandra Siedlaczek-Szwed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej Aleksandra Siedlaczek-Szwed |
| title_short | Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza i oświatowa żydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na Wileńszczyźnie w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_sort | dzialalnosc opiekunczo wychowawcza i oswiatowa zydowskich towarzystw dobroczynnych na wilenszczyznie w drugiej rzeczypospolitej |
| topic | Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Wohltätigkeit (DE-588)4190155-1 gnd Bildungsarbeit (DE-588)4112760-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Juden Wohltätigkeit Bildungsarbeit Vilnius Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024724972&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024724972&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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