Conflict resolution and status: the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008)
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Brussels
Vubpress
2011
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 320 S. Kt. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Conflict resolution and status |b the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) |c Céline Francis |
| 264 | 1 | |a Brussels |b Vubpress |c 2011 | |
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |a Zugl.: Brüssel, Vrije Univ., Diss., 2010 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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IMAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I N T R O D U C T I ON 19
1. PRESENTATION 19
2. JUSTIFICATION OF THE CASE-STUDY METHOD AND THE SELECTION OF THE
GEORGIANABKHAZ CASE-STUDY 21
3. FIELD (OF) RESEARCH: CONFLICT RESOLUTION LITERATURE AND CONDITIONS OF
RESEARCH 24 4. ON TOPOGRAPHICAL USAGE AND TRANSLITERATION 25
C H A P T ER I
C O N C E P T U AL F R A M E W O R K: E X P L O R I NG T HE M E A N I N
GS
OF S T A T US & T HE U S E F U L N E SS OF M U L T I - T R A CK
I N T E R V E N T I O NS F OR C O N F L I CT R E S O L U T I ON , 29
1. BREAKING DOWN THE CONCEPT OF THE STATUS OF AN UNRECOGNIZED ENTITY
INTO THREE ELEMENTS: DE F A C T O, D E J U RE AND DESIRED STATUS 29
1.1 DE FACTO STATUS: DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT SITUATIONS ON
THE GROUND IN ABKHAZIA SINCE 1989 29
1.1.1 THE CRITERION OF EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT: INSTITUTIONS AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT CAPABILITY 30
1.1.2 THE CRITERION OF TERRITORY: FLUCTUATIONS AND DIFFERENCES IN
BOUNDARIES 31
1.2 THE D E J U RE STATUS OF ENTITIES: ALL UNRECOGNISED, BUT WITH
DIFFERENT RIGHTS AND DUTIES 32
1.3 DESIRED STATUS: THE ARDUOUS PATH TO RECOGNITION 32
1.4 STRATEGIES OF THE PARTIES WITH REGARD TO DE FACTO AND D E J U RE
STATUS 34
2. A HOLISTIC WAY OF RESOLVING INTRACTABLE CONFLICTS: DESCRIPTION OF THE
CONCEPTS AND ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZERS OF
CONFLICT RESOLUTION ACTIVITIES 35
2.1 WHY ARE SOVEREIGNTY CONFLICTS SO INTRACTABLE? 35
2.2 WHAT IS CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND HOW TO BRING ABOUT THE NECESSARY
CHANGES? 37 2.2.1 CONFLICT FORMATION: HOW CONFLICTS COME INTO BEING 37
2.2.2 CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION: HOW CONFLICTS DE/ESCALATE 39
2.2.3 OFFICIAL NEGOTIATIONS & MEDIATION: SETTLING THE ISSUES AT STAKE 40
2.2.4 INFORMAL DIALOGUE: FACILITATING COMMUNICATION, CONFLICT ANALYSIS
AND NEW IDEAS 41
7
IMAGE 2
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND STATUS
2.2.5 GRASSROOTS ACTIVITIES: CREATING THE CONTEXT FOR NEGOTIATIONS AND
PEACEFUL RESOLUTION 44
2 . 2 . 5 .1 POSSIBLE ROLES OF H U M A N I T A R I AN AND DEVELOPMENT
AGENCIES:
A L L E V I A T I NG SUFFERING AND R E C O N N E C T I NG C O M M U N I
T I ES 44
2.2.5.2 THE I N V O L V E M E NT OF LOCAL A C T O R S: C R E A T I NG A
C I V IC C O N T E XT AND
B U I L D I NG S U P P O RT F OR A PEACEFUL AGREEMENT 45
2.3 WHY AN INTEGRATIVE, HOLISTIC, MULTI-TRACK APPROACH? 46
2.3.1 INFORMAL DIALOGUES AS A PROBLEM-SOLVING DISCUSSION ASSISTING
NEGOTIATIONS 46
2.3.2 LIMITATIONS OF INFORMAL DIALOGUE 48
2.3.3 THREE CONTRIBUTIONS BY GRASSROOTS ACTIVITIES TO NEGOTIATIONS AND
TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION 49
2.3.4 THREE LIMITS OF GRASSROOTS ACTIVITIES 52
2.3.5 JUSTIFYING THE FOCUS ON MULTI-LAYERED ACTIVITIES IN THIS RESEARCH
53
C H A P T ER 2
U N S A T I S F A C T O RY S T A T U S: A N A L Y S IS OF A B K H A Z I
A 'S DE JURE
A ND DE F A C TO S T A T US 63
1. THE LIMITED POWERS OF THE AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC AND DISPUTES OVER ITS
STATUS (MARCH 1989 - AUGUST 1992) 64
1.1 BENEATH THE FACADE OF SOVIET FEDERALISM 64
1.1.1 D E J U RE FEDERALISM AND DE FACTO CENTRALISATION IN THE SOVIET
UNION 64
1.1.2 HISTORICAL GRIEVANCES OF THE ABKHAZ IN THE PRE-1989 PERIOD: AN
OVERVIEW 66
1.2 DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN ABKHAZIA'S DE FACTO AND D E J U RE STATUS:
ABKHAZIA'S INSTITUTIONS AND ITS LIMITED DE FACTO POWERS 69
1.3 THE CLASH OVER STATUS: THE ABKHAZ'S DESIRE FOR SOVEREIGNTY VS THE
GEORGIANS' WILLINGNESS TO MAINTAIN ABKHAZIA'S AUTONOMY 70
1.3.1 THE INSTITUTIONALISATION AND RADICALISATION OF ABKHAZ NATIONALISM
. 71 1.3.2 APPEARANCE OF SOVEREIGNTY CLAIMS ON THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL
AGENDA . 72 1.3.3 NATIONALIST AGENDA OF THE LOCAL GEORGIANS IN
ABKHAZIA: RESENTING THE DOMINANCE OF THE ABKHAZ 73
1.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ABKHAZ AND GEORGIAN NATIONAL AGENDAS:
DIVERGING PATHS TO SOVEREIGNTY 74
2. ABKHAZIA AT WAR: SELF-GOVERNMENT IN GEORGIA LEGALLY, DE F A C TO
INSURGENCY (AUGUST 1992 - MAY 1994) 84
2.1 THE DE FACTO STATUS OF THE ABKHAZ: AN INSURGENCY 84
2.1.1 WHAT IS AN INSURGENCY? 84
2.1.2 ANALYSING THE FEATURES OF THE ABKHAZ SIDE IN WARTIME 85
2.1.3 FLIGHT OF THE LOCAL GEORGIANS AND LEGAL VIOLATIONS 86
2.2 NO UNITARY ACTOR: DIVERGING RUSSIAN POLICIES ON THE CONFLICT 88
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.3 STATUS OF ABKHAZIA IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: DE J U RE A PART OF GEORGIA
90
2.4 THE COVETED STATUS: THE ABKHAZ'S UNCHANGED DEMANDS FOR SOVEREIGNTY
AND TBILISI'S GRADUAL ACCEPTANCE OF A FEDERAL ARRANGEMENT 90
3. EVERYTHING BUT RECOGNITION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ABKHAZ STATE AND
REFUSAL OF REINTEGRATION (MAY 1994 - AUGUST 2008) 91
3.1 SEVERING THE LINKS WITH GEORGIA: THE PROGRESSIVE CONSOLIDATION OF
THE ABKHAZ DE FACTO STATE 91
3.1.1 WHAT IS A DE FACTO STATE? 91
3.1.2 QUALIFYING AS A DE FACTO STATE? ABKHAZIA'S SUCCESSIVE ELECTIONS,
CHECKS AND BALANCES AND CAPABILITIES 93
3.2 "ABKHAZIA, GEORGIA": ABKHAZIA'S BELONGING TO GEORGIA AND THE UNSC'S
COMMITMENT TO TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY 97
3.3 DESIRED STATUS: INDEPENDENCE VS AUTONOMY IN GEORGIA 98
4. COMPARISON OF ABKHAZIA'S STATUSES: THE PRESENT SITUATION AND THE
EXPECTATIONS OF THE PARTIES AS REGARDS ABKHAZIA'S FUTURE STATUS 99
C H A P T ER 3
F R OM S T A T US Q UO TO D E S I R ED S T A T U S: S T R A T E G I ES A
ND
T A C T I CS OF T B I L I SI A ND S U K H U M /I F OR C H A N G I NG
A B K H A Z I A 'S S T A T US 115
1. THE ABSENCE OF NEGOTIATIONS ON ABKHAZIA'S FUTURE STATUS AND ATTEMPTS
BY THE PARTIES TO RAISE THEIR D E J U RE STATUS (1989-1992) 115
1.1 THE BACKGROUND TO THE TWO SOVEREIGNTY CONFLICTS 115
1.2 ABKHAZIA'S INTERNAL POWER-SHARING (1991): NEGOTIATIONS AND LIMITS
116 1.2.1 THE UNFOLDING OF NEGOTIATIONS ON THE ELECTORAL LAW AND
POWER-SHARING AGREEMENT 116
1.2.2 WHY THE AGREEMENTS FAILED: AN APARTHEID LAW' VS AN 'INTOLERABLE
STATUS QUO'(1992) 118
1.3 SOVIET AND GEORGIAN REFUSAL TO DISCUSS STATUS 119
1.3.1 EXPLAINING THE ABSENCE OF NEGOTIATIONS OVER ABKHAZIA'S FUTURE
STATUS 119
1.3.2 THE ABKHAZ PROPOSALS: FROM FEDERATION TO CONFEDERATION (1992) 121
2. WARTIME NEGOTIATIONS: HOW THE PARTIES' DISCORD WITH REGARD TO
ABKHAZIA'S FUTURE STATUS AND THEIR 'STRUGGLE OVER ABKHAZIA'S DE F A C TO
STATUS' HINDERED THE DEPLOYMENT OF A U N P KF (1992-1994) 122
2.1 PERSUADING THIRD PARTIES TO SUPPORT ONE'S VIEW: THE POSITIONS OF
RUSSIA AND THE UN ON ABKHAZIA'S STATUS 123
2.1.1 RUSSIA'S INTERVENTION: EXPECTATIONS AND DISAPPOINTMENT OF THE
PARTIES 124
9
IMAGE 4
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND STATUS
2.1.2 THE PARADOXICAL ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN SOVEREIGNTY
CONFLICTS: AUTHORITY RECOGNISING NEW STATES AND WATCHDOG OF STATE RIGHTS
126 2.2 NEGOTIATIONS DURING WARTIME: ATTEMPTS TO REACH A CEASEFIRE
AGREEMENT (1992-1993) 127
2.3 STRUGGLES OVER THE D E J U RE AND FUTURE STATUS OF ABKHAZIA 129
2.3.1 DISCUSSIONS ON THE D E J U RE STATUS OF THE ABKHAZ SIDE AT THE
NEGOTIATION TABLE (END OF 1993) 129
2.3.2 NEGOTIATING ABKHAZIA'S FUTURE STATUS: STALEMATE OVER TERRITORIAL
INTEGRITY (1993-1994) 130
2.4 ALTERING ABKHAZIA'S SITUATION ON THE GROUND TO IMPACT ON THE FUTURE
STATUS OF THE REPUBLIC: THE ISSUE OF THE PEACEKEEPING FORMAT 132
3. HOW THE 'STRUGGLE OVER DE F A C TO AND D E J U RE STATUS' HINDERED
RETURN, CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES AND ECONOMIC INITIATIVES IN THE
POST-WAR PERIOD (1994-2008) 134
3.1 THE LAST OFFICIAL TALKS OVER THE FUTURE STATUS OF ABKHAZIA (MAY
1994-JULY 1997) 135
3.1.1 FACTORS FACILITATING AND CONSTRAINING THE TALKS: RUSSIA'S
AMBIGUOUS ROLE AND THIRD PARTIES' ATTITUDES TO ABKHAZIA'S STATUS 135
3.1.2 BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN CONFEDERATION AND FEDERATION 137
3.1.2.1 THE P O S I T I O NS OF T HE P A R T I ES R E G A R D I NG A B K
H A Z I A 'S DESIRED
S T A T US ( 1 9 9 4 - 1 9 9 7) 137
3.1.2.2 F R OM FEDERAL A R R A N G E M E N TS TO P R I M A K O V 'S P R
O T O C O L:
R E V I E W I NG T HE O P T I O NS DISCUSSED BY T HE P A R T I ES 138
3.1.2.3 W HY THERE WAS A L M O ST NO U N H C R - S P O N S O R ED R E T
U RN OF
DISPLACED PEOPLE: FEAR OF E N D A N G E R I NG A B K H A Z I A 'S S T A
T US 143
3.2 WHEN THE ISSUE OF STATUS, PUT ASIDE, SLIPS IN THE BACK DOOR AGAIN
(JULY 1997 - NOVEMBER 1999) 144
3.2.1 THE REVIVAL OF UN MEDIATION 144
3.2.2 ECONOMIC ISSUES HOSTAGE TO SECURITY AND STATUS 146
3.3 THE RETURN TO POLITICAL STATUS (NOVEMBER 1999 - FEBRUARY 2003) 148
3.3.1 THE BODEN'S PAPER: THE FAILURE OF UN'S IMPOSED APPROACH 148
3.3.2 GEORGIA'S ATTEMPTS TO REGAIN CONTROL OF ABKHAZIA 151
3.4 ALL-IN-ONE APPROACH (FEBRUARY 2003-AUGUST 2006) 151
3.4.1 TIMES OF CHANGE: THE ROSE REVOLUTION AND THE ABKHAZ ELECTIONS 151
3.4.2 NEARING AN AGREEMENT ON THE NON-USE OF FORCE AND RETURN 154
3.4.3 IMPROVING THE LIFE OF THE RETURNEES: DISAGREEMENT OVER
VERIFICATION EXERCISE 156
3.4.4 ATTEMPTS AT DEPOLITICISING RAILWAY REHABILITATION AND JOINT
PROJECTS 157
3.4.5 MOSCOW'S CHANGE OF POSITION VIS-A-VIS ABKHAZIA'S STATUS 158
3.5 THE SECURITY APPROACH: THE END OF NEGOTIATIONS AND MOUNTING TENSION
(AUGUST 2006-AUGUST 2008) 160
3.5.1 THE WIDENING RIFT: ABKHAZIA AND RUSSIA VS GEORGIA AND THE UNITED
STATES 160
10
IMAGE 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.5.2 SUKHUM/I AND TBILISI REBUFFING PROPOSALS FOR CONFIDENCE-BUILDING
MEASURES 162
3.5.3 GEORGIAN AND GERMAN PROPOSALS TO DEFUSE TENSIONS 163
4. THE STRATEGIES AND TACTICS OF SUKHUM/I AND TBILISI 166
4.1 TBILISI'S AND SUKHUM/I'S STRATEGIES FOR ATTAINING THEIR DESIRED
STATUS BY 'PLAYING' ON DE FACTO AND D E J U RE STATUS: EXAMPLES OF
TACTICS 166
4.2 WHAT WAS THE RATIONALE BEHIND SUCH STRATEGIES? 171
4.3 HOW DID THESE STRATEGIES OF ALTERING ABKHAZIA'S DE FACTO AND D E J U
RE STATUS IMPEDE NEGOTIATIONS? 172
C H A P T ER 4
C O N T R I B U T I NG TO C O N F L I CT R E S O L U T I ON V IA I N F O
R M AL
D I A L O G U ES 191
1. QUASI-ABSENCE OF INFORMAL DIALOGUE IN THE PRE-WAR PERIOD: DOMINANCE
OF NATIONALISTS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE INGUR/I (1989-1992) 192
1.1 SEEKING SOLUTIONS THROUGH DISCUSSION: THREE TYPES OF DIALOGUE 192
1.1.1 DIALOGUES BETWEEN ACADEMICS: FINDING A WAY TO OVERCOME THE
UNIVERSITY SPLIT 192
1.1.2 NATIONAL MOVEMENT DIALOGUE: PREVENTING REPETITION OF THE JULY 1989
BLOODSHED 194
1.1.3 PROFESSIONAL DIALOGUE: ALLAYING ABKHAZ CONCERNS ABOUT THE
'GEORGIANISATION' OF ABKHAZIA 195
1.2 INTELLIGENTSIA AS BEARERS OF NATIONALISM: THEIR RADICALISATION AND
INFLUENCE IN GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ SOCIETY 196
1.2.1 EXPLAINING THE PREDOMINANCE OF RADICALS IN GEORGIA: INFLEXIBILITY
OF THE GEORGIAN COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE A P R IL 1989 TRAGEDY 196 1.2.2
THE ABKHAZ INTELLIGENTSIA ORGANISING ITSELF: THE CREATION OF AIDGYLARA
198
1.2.3 THE CLASH OF NATIONALISMS IN THE MEDIA 198
1.3 THE ACTORS' ATTITUDES TO DIALOGUE: A SUMMARY 199
2. DIALOGUE AMIDST VIOLENCE: ROUND TABLE IN MOSCOW (1992-1994) 200
3. ORGANISING INFORMAL DIALOGUE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD: OVERCOMING THE
CONCERNS OF OFFICIALS AND PARTICIPANTS (1994-2008) 201
3.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DIALOGUES CONDUCTED SINCE THE END OF THE
WAR 202 3.1.1 SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL DIALOGUE: THE PROGRAMME OF
INTERNATIONAL ALERT (1998-2005) 202
3.1.2 ACADEMIC DIALOGUE: GEORGIAN-ABKHAZ CONFERENCES OF UCI/B611
FOUNDATION (1998-2008) 204
3.1.3 POLITICAL DIALOGUE: THE SCHLAINING PROCESS (2000-2007) 205
IMAGE 6
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND STATUS
3.1.4 DIVERGENCE AND CONVERGENCE BETWEEN THE THREE PROJECTS IN TERMS OF
DYNAMICS AND PRINCIPLES 207
3.2 VIEWS OF THE ABKHAZ AND GEORGIAN AUTHORITIES WITH REGARD TO INFORMAL
DIALOGUES: FROM ABKHAZ RESISTANCE TO GEORGIAN OPPOSITION 208
3.2.1 ON THE ABKHAZ SIDE: CONCERN THAT THE STATUS DESIRED FOR ABKHAZIA
COULD BE JEOPARDISED 208
3.2.2 ON THE GEORGIAN SIDE: WORRIES ABOUT INCREASING THE DE J U RE
STATUS OF THE ABKHAZ OFFICIALS 210
3.3 REACTIONS OF THE ABKHAZ AND GEORGIAN AUTHORITIES TO THE
PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY MEMBERS, OFFICIALS AND THE
GOVERNMENT-IN-EXILE 212
3.3.1 CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION AS SEEN FROM SUKHUM/I: FROM A THREAT
TO INDEPENDENCE TO AN ASSET 212
3.3.1.1 P A R T I C I P A T I ON BY OFFICIALS AND O P P O S I T I O N: T
B I L I S I 'S H O S T I L I TY TO T HE
R A I S I NG OF T HE DE J U RE S T A T US OF T HE A B K H AZ T H R O U
GH D I A L O G UE . 213
3.3.1.2 THE G R A D U AL I N V O L V E M E NT OF T HE A B K H AZ G O V E
R N M E N T - I N - E X I L E,
DISPLACED PEOPLE AND R E T U R N E ES 214
3.3.1.3 TWO R E M A I N I NG ISSUES R E G A R D I NG I N C L U S I V E N
E SS 216
3.4 FUNDRAISING: ABSENCE OF STATUS-RELATED CONSIDERATIONS AMONG DONORS
217 3.5 THE PARTICIPANTS AND STATUS-RELATED CONSIDERATIONS 217
3.5.1 ORGANISING DIALOGUE IN ABKHAZIA AND GEORGIA: ENDANGERING ONE'S
DESIRED STATUS? 217
3.5.2 ABSENCE OF VALID PASSPORTS: TBILISI'S ASSISTANCE TO THE ABKHAZ
PARTICIPANTS 219
3.5.3 DIALOGUE FORMAT: ABKHAZ FEAR OF SENDING THE WRONG MESSAGE ON
ABKHAZIA'S DESIRED STATUS, AND GEORGIAN FEARS OF A PAN-CAUCASIAN
ALLIANCE 220
3.5.4 FEELING OF EQUALITY BETWEEN THE PARTICIPANTS 221
4. SUMMARISING AND EXPLAINING THE LEEWAY IN INFORMAL DIALOGUES 223
C H A P T ER 5
E M P O W E R I NG T HE G R A S S R O O T S: F R OM I N T E R C O M M U
N AL
P O L A R I S A T I ON TO T HE P O L I T I C I S A T I ON OF A S S I S T
A N CE 235
1. GROWING POLARISATION DURING THE PRE-WAR PERIOD (1989-1992) 236
1.1 LACK OF GRASSROOTS ACTIVITIES TACKLING THE CONFLICT 236
1.2 SOME FACTORS IMPEDING THE ORGANISATION OF GRASSROOTS ACTIVITIES IN
ABKHAZIA 237
1.2.1 NATIONALISM SPREADS THROUGHOUT SOCIETY 237
1.2.2 LACK OF INTERSECTION IN DAILY LIFE: ABKHAZ AND GEORGIAN
COMMUNITIES LIVING APART 238
1.2.3 FAILURE OF TRADITIONAL ABKHAZ CONFLICT RESOLUTION METHODS 239
IMAGE 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND LOCAL PEACE INITIATIVES DURING THE WAR
(1992-1994) 239
2.1 ABSENCE OF STATUS-RELATED CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PART OF DONORS, IGOS
AND INGOS IN THE DELIVERY OF ASSISTANCE 239
2.2 PARTISANSHIP & RUSSIA'S SHADOW IMPEDING LOCAL INITIATIVES 241
3. GRASSROOTS ACTIVITIES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1994-2008): GREEN LIGHT
FOR LOCAL INITIATIVES, RED LIGHT FOR REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT 243
3.1 FEAR OF REINFORCING THE ABKHAZ DE FACTO STATE: CONSEQUENCES FOR
RELIEF, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT 243
3.1.1 THE ROLE OF ASSISTANCE IN THE PARTIES' STRATEGIES: HOW AID CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO THE ATTAINMENT OF DESIRED STATUS 243
3.1.2 INGOS' POSITIONS ON STATUS: NEUTRALITY AND IMPARTIALITY 244
3.1.3 UN AND US POLICY OF WITHHOLDING RELIEF FROM ABKHAZIA 246
3.1.4 LACK OF FUNDS FOR FULL-SCALE REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN
ABKHAZIA: CONDITIONALITY AND INSECURITY 247
3.1.5 POLICY REVERSAL ON REHABILITATION: REMOVING THE LINKAGE BETWEEN
REHABILITATION AND OFFICIAL NEGOTIATIONS 249
3.1.6 AFFORDED MORE LATITUDE: INGOS' ADVANTAGES OVER IGOS 251
3.1.7 SOME REPERCUSSIONS OF THE PARTIES' STRATEGIES ON THE WORK OF
HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATIONS 253
3.2 GRASSROOTS ACTIVITIES BY LOCAL PLAYERS: SELF-RESTRICTION BY N G OS
254
3.2.1 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SIX TYPES OF LOCAL ACTIVITIES 255
3 . 2 . 1 .1 PSYCHOSOCIAL R E H A B I L I T A T I ON 255
3.2.1.2 C I T I Z E N S H IP AND PEACE E D U C A T I ON 255
3.2.1.3 M O N I T O R I NG AND ADVOCACY 256
3 . 2 . 1 .4 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 257
3 . 2 . 1 .5 GRASSROOTS D I A L O G UE 258
3.2.1.6 JUSTICE AND R E C O N C I L I A T I ON PROCESSES 258
3.2.2 THE AUTHORITIES' REACTIONS TO GRASSROOTS PROJECTS: ABKHAZ NGOS
QUESTIONED BY SUKHUM/I AND TBILISI 259
3.2.3 THE ORGANISATION OF PROJECTS: BETWEEN LEEWAY AND SELF-RESTRICTION
. 260 3 . 2 . 3 .1 REACTIONS O F A B K H A Z N G OS AND P A R T I C I
P A N TS TO J O I NT PROJECTS 260
3.2.3.2 F U N DS F OR U N I L A T E R AL P R O J E C T S: S T A T U S -
R E L A T ED C O N S I D E R A T I O NS . 262
3.2.3.3 REPERCUSSIONS OF T HE P A R T I E S' STRATEGIES ON T HE W O RK
OF N G OS . 264
3.3 DISPLACED POPULATION AND RETURNEES: IMPACT OF THE PARTIES'
STRATEGIES ON THEIR PARTICIPATION IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND POLITICAL
LIFE 265
3.3.1 THE ATTITUDES OF TBILISI AND SUKHUM/I TO RETURNEES 265
3.3.2 THE LACK OF INTEGRATION OF DISPLACED PEOPLE: DEFENDING THE
INTERESTS OF TBILISI AND THE ABKHAZ GOVERNMENT-IN-EXILE 267
4. SUMMARISING TRACK 3: THE POLITICISATION OF ASSISTANCE, RETURN AND
DISPLACEMENT TO FREEDOM OF ACTION FOR LOCAL INITIATIVES 269
13
IMAGE 8
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND STATUS
C O N C L U S I O NS ' 28I
B I B L I O G R A P HY 289
M A PS
MAP 1. SOUTHERN CAUCASUS 15
MAP 2. GEORGIA 16
MAP 3. UNITED NATIONS OBSERVATION MISSION IN GEORGIA (UNOMIG) AND
DELINEATION OF THE SECURITY ZONE AND RESTRICTED WEAPONS ZONE 17
MAP 4. ABKHAZIA 18
T A B L ES
TABLE 1 : DE FACTO STATUS 31
TABLE 2 : THE THREE MEANINGS OF STATUS 34
TABLE 3 : TRACKS, ACTORS AND STRATEGIES 46
TABLE 4 : COMPARISON OF CENSUS DATA FROM 1926,1959 AND 1989 67
TABLE 5: UNILATERAL DECISIONS ADOPTED IN TBILISI AND SUKHUM/I 77
TABLE 6: ABKHAZIA'S DE F A C T O, DE J U RE AND DESIRED STATUSES 100
F I G U R ES
FIGURE 1 : GALTUNG'S TRIANGLE 37
FIGURE 2 : DIFFERENT TRACKS 40
FIGURE 3 : GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ STRATEGIES AND TACTICS (1989-1992) 167
FIGURE 4 : GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ STRATEGIES AND TACTICS (1992-1994) 168
FIGURE 5 : GEORGIAN AND ABKHAZ STRATEGIES AND TACTICS (1994-2008) 169
14 |
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| geographic_facet | Georgien Abchasien |
| id | DE-604.BV039806236 |
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| indexdate | 2024-11-21T11:02:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
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| publisher | Vubpress |
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| spelling | Francis, Céline Verfasser aut Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) Céline Francis Brussels Vubpress 2011 320 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Brüssel, Vrije Univ., Diss., 2010 Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 gnd rswk-swf Politischer Konflikt (DE-588)4115589-0 gnd rswk-swf Georgien (DE-588)4022406-5 gnd rswk-swf Abchasien (DE-588)4084629-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Georgien (DE-588)4022406-5 g Politischer Konflikt (DE-588)4115589-0 s Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 s Abchasien (DE-588)4084629-5 g DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024666599&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Francis, Céline Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 gnd Politischer Konflikt (DE-588)4115589-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164958-8 (DE-588)4115589-0 (DE-588)4022406-5 (DE-588)4084629-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) |
| title_auth | Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) |
| title_exact_search | Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) |
| title_full | Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) Céline Francis |
| title_fullStr | Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) Céline Francis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conflict resolution and status the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) Céline Francis |
| title_short | Conflict resolution and status |
| title_sort | conflict resolution and status the case of georgia and abkhazia 1989 2008 |
| title_sub | the case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989 - 2008) |
| topic | Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 gnd Politischer Konflikt (DE-588)4115589-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Konfliktregelung Politischer Konflikt Georgien Abchasien Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024666599&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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