Water requirements for irrigation and the environment:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 174 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 235 mm x 155 mm |
| ISBN: | 9781402089473 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Water requirements for irrigation and the environment
Autor: Bos, Marinus Gijsberthus
Jahr: 2009
Contents
1 Introduction................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Growth of Vegetation.......................................................................... 1
1.2 Crop Growth and Evapotranspiration................................................. 4
1.3 The Water Balance of an Area............................................................ 5
1.4 The Water Balance of an Irrigated Field............................................. 7
1.5 Calculating the Crop Irrigation Water Requirements......................... 8
1.6 ETp - Pe in the Field Water Balance.................................................... 10
1.7 The Irrigation Ratios........................................................................... 11
1.8 Structure of the Handbook.................................................................. 11
2 Evapotranspiration.................................................................................... 13
2.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 13
2.2 Developments in Theory..................................................................... 14
2.2.1 Evaporation from Open Water: The Penman Method............ 17
2.2.2 The FAO Modified Penman Method...................................... 21
2.3 The Penman-Monteith Approach....................................................... 23
2.3.1 The Equation........................................................................... 23
2.3.2 Effect of Time Step Size on Calculations............................... 26
2.3.3 Computation of Parameters for the
Penman-Monteith Reference Equation................................... 26
2.3.4 Limited Data Availability and Weather Data Integrity........... 35
2.4 The Hargreaves-Samani Method........................................................ 36
2.5 Discussion........................................................................................... 37
2.6 The Potential ET................................................................................. 39
2.6.1 The Crop Coefficient Curve.................................................... 41
2.6.2 The Climatic Basis of Table 2.5.............................................. 43
2.6.3 Lengths of Crop Growth Stages.............................................. 43
2.6.4 Single Kc for the Initial Stage (Annual Crops)....................... 55
2.6.5 Kc Curves for Forage Crops.................................................... 63
2.7 The Dual Kc Method: Incorporating Specific Wet Soil Effects.......... 64
2.7.1 Theory..................................................................................... 64
2.7.2 Water Balance of the Soil Surface Layer................................ 68
x Contents
2.7.3 Application of the Basal Kch Procedure
over a Growing Season....................................................... 70
2.8 ET During the Non-growing Season................................................ 73
2.9 Evapotranspiration from Landscapes............................................... 73
2.10 Estimating Kc from the Fraction of Ground Cover........................... 76
2.11 Effects of Surface Mulching on Kc................................................... 78
2.11.1 Plastic Mulches..............1................................................... 79
2.11.2 Organic Mulches................................................................. 80
3 Effective Precipitation............................................................................... 81
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 81
3.2 Major Factors Affecting Effective Precipitation................................. 83
3.2.1 Amount and Frequency of Precipitation................................. 83
3.2.2 Time of Occurrence of Precipitation...................................... 85
3.2.3 Rainfall Intensity.................................................................... 85
3.2.4 Dry and Wet Spell Analysis.................................................... 85
3.2.5 Irrigated Crops........................................................................ 85
3.2.6 Infiltration Rate....................................................................... 86
3.2.7 Water-Holding Capacity......................................................... 86
3.2.8 Soil Water Movement............................................................. 86
3.2.9 Field Slope.............................................................................. 87
3.2.10 Land Surface Condition........................................................ 87
3.2.11 Depth to Groundwater.......................................................... 87
3.2.12 Irrigation Water Supply Method........................................... 87
3.2.13 Frequency of Water Application........................................... 88
3.2.14 Scale Effect........................................................................... 88
3.3 The USDA Method............................................................................. 88
3.3.1 The Three Major Factors Used............................................... 88
3.3.2 Calculation Method................................................................ 89
3.4 The Curve Number Method................................................................ 91
3.4.1 Background of the Method..................................................... 91
3.4.2 Factors Determining the Curve Number Value....................... 94
3.4.3 Estimating the Curve Number Value...................................... 97
4 Capillary Rise............................................................................................. 103
4.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 103
4.2 The Driving Force of Capillary Water................................................ 103
4.3 Steady-State Capillary Rise................................................................ 106
4.4 Fluctuation of Groundwater Depth and Soil Moisture....................... 108
4.5 Rooting Depth.................................................................................... 112
4.6 How To Correct for Capillary Rise?................................................... 113
Contents xi
5 Irrigation Water Requirements................................................................ 119
5.1 The Concept........................................................................................ 119
5.2 The Field............................................................................................. 120
5.2.1 Dry-Foot Crops....................................................................... 122
5.2.2 Paddy Rice.............................................................................. 124
5.2.3 Water Application Methods.................................................... 125
5.3 The Distribution System..................................................................... 128
Example.............................................................................................. 132
5.4 The Conveyance System..................................................................... 137
5.5 Calculating Irrigation Water Requirements........................................ 141
6 Using the CRIWAR Software.................................................................... 143
6.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 143
6.2 Computer System Requirements........................................................ 143
6.3 Obtaining the Software....................................................................... 143
6.3.1 Installation.............................................................................. 144
6.3.2 Starting the Program............................................................... 144
6.4 Software Overview............................................................................. 144
6.5 Input Data Requirements.................................................................... 145
6.5.1 Entering General Data............................................................ 146
6.5.2 Entering Meteorological Data................................................. 149
6.5.3 Entering Cropping Pattern Data.............................................. 150
6.5.4 Entering Crop File Data.......................................................... 153
6.6 Developing a Water Management Strategy........................................ 154
6.6.1 Strategy fora Sustainable Water Balance............................... 154
6.6.2 Strategy on Water Requirement of the Irrigated Crop............ 158
6.6.3 Analyzing Alternative Water Management Strategies............ 160
6.7 Producing Output................................................................................ 162
6.7.1 Tables Graphs..................................................................... 162
6.8 Program Options................................................................................. 162
6.8.1 User Name.............................................................................. 163
6.8.2 Choose Units System.............................................................. 164
6.9 Warnings and Error Messages............................................................ 164
6.9.1 Additional Warnings............................................................... 164
References......................................................................................................... 167
Index................................................................................................................. 173
|
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| discipline | Agrarwissenschaft Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Umwelt Pflanzenbau Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| physical | XVI, 174 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 235 mm x 155 mm |
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| spelling | Bos, Marinus Gijsberthus 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)128612266 aut Water requirements for irrigation and the environment Marinus G. Bos Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2009 XVI, 174 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 235 mm x 155 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd rswk-swf Bewässerungswirtschaft (DE-588)4145124-7 gnd rswk-swf Wassermenge (DE-588)4513593-9 gnd rswk-swf Wasserwirtschaft (DE-588)4064821-7 gnd rswk-swf Wassermenge (DE-588)4513593-9 s Wasserwirtschaft (DE-588)4064821-7 s Bewässerungswirtschaft (DE-588)4145124-7 s Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 s b DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024660815&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bos, Marinus Gijsberthus 1943- Water requirements for irrigation and the environment Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd Bewässerungswirtschaft (DE-588)4145124-7 gnd Wassermenge (DE-588)4513593-9 gnd Wasserwirtschaft (DE-588)4064821-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4189218-5 (DE-588)4145124-7 (DE-588)4513593-9 (DE-588)4064821-7 |
| title | Water requirements for irrigation and the environment |
| title_auth | Water requirements for irrigation and the environment |
| title_exact_search | Water requirements for irrigation and the environment |
| title_full | Water requirements for irrigation and the environment Marinus G. Bos |
| title_fullStr | Water requirements for irrigation and the environment Marinus G. Bos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water requirements for irrigation and the environment Marinus G. Bos |
| title_short | Water requirements for irrigation and the environment |
| title_sort | water requirements for irrigation and the environment |
| topic | Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd Bewässerungswirtschaft (DE-588)4145124-7 gnd Wassermenge (DE-588)4513593-9 gnd Wasserwirtschaft (DE-588)4064821-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wasserkreislauf Bewässerungswirtschaft Wassermenge Wasserwirtschaft |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024660815&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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