Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage: a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Alphen aan den Rijn
Kluwer Law Law & Business
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Energy and environmental law & policy series
19 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 411 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789041136725 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage |b a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime |c by Wang Hui |
| 264 | 1 | |a Alphen aan den Rijn |b Kluwer Law Law & Business |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 411 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Energy and environmental law & policy series |v 19 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR V
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XIX
LIST OF TABLES XXIII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1 REASONS FOR RESEARCH 1
2 PROBLEM DEFINITION 6
3 LIMITS OF THE RESEARCH 7
4 METHODOLOGY 8
5 SPECIAL TERMS IN MARITIME LAW 9
5.1 PARTIES INVOLVED IN SHIPPING 9
5.2 CHARTERPARTY AND BILL OF LADING 10
5.3 INSURANCE 11
6 MAIN PLAYERS AT INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATIVE LEVEL 13
6.1 THE IMO AND ITS LEGAL COMMITTEE 13
6.2 THE CMI 15
6.3 INDUSTRY ORGANIZATIONS 15
7 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 16
CHAPTER 2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR VESSEL SOURCE MARINE POLLUTION 19
1 OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK 19
1.1 GENERAL FRAMEWORK 19
1.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 21
IMAGE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PORT STATE CONTROL 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 FLAG STATE JURISDICTION 2.2.1
PRESCRIPTIVE JURISDICTION
2.2.2 ENFORCEMENT JURISDICTION 2.2.3 FLAG OF CONVENIENCE 2.2.4
EVALUATION 2.3 COASTAL STATE JURISDICTION
2.3.1 OVERVIEW 2.3.2 INTERNAL WATERS AND PORTS 2.3.3 TERRITORIAL SEA
2.3.4 EEZ
2.3.5 HIGH SEAS 2.3.6 EVALUATION 2.4 PORT STATE JURISDICTION 2.4.1
UNCLOS PROVISION
2.4.2 MOUS 2.4.3 EVALUATION 2.4.4 SUMMARY LEGAL REGIMES CONCERNING
PREVENTION AND RESPONSE 3.1 MARPOL 73/78 3.2 SOLAS CONVENTION 3.3 STCW
CONVENTION 3.4 OPRC CONVENTION LEGAL REGIME ON CIVIL LIABILITY AND
COMPENSATION 4.1 CLC/FUND CONVENTION 4.2 HNS CONVENTION 4.3 BUNKER
CONVENTION LEGAL REGIME CONCERNING CRIMINAL LIABILITY 5.1 GENERAL
OVERVIEW 5.2 EU ACTIONS
5.2.1 BACKGROUND 5.2.2 COMMUNITY LAW ON CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR MARINE
OIL POLLUTION 5.2.3 DIRECTIVE 2005/35/EC V. MARPOL ANNEX I 5.3 US
ACTIONS REGIONAL INITIATIVES
6.1 ROLE OF REGIONAL INITIATIVES 6.2 EU 6.2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE EU
APPROACH 6.2.2 EXAMPLES OF EU MEASURES AND ITS IMPACT
ON THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME 6.3 THE US CONCLUDING REMARKS
23 23 23 23
24 25 25 26
26 27 28 29
30 30 31 31
33 33 34 35 35
36 36 37 38
38 38 39 39
39 40 40
41 44 45 46
46 46 46
49 50 51
VM
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME 53
1 BACKGROUND 53
1.1 TORREY CANYON INCIDENT 53
1.2 TOVALOP 55
1.2.1 COMING INTO BEING 55
1.2.2 INFLUENCE OF TOVALOP 57
1.3 CLC 58
1.4 CRISTAL 58
1.4.1 COMING INTO BEING 58
1.4.2 INFLUENCE OF CRISTAL 59
1.5 FUND CONVENTION 59
1.6 EVALUATION 60
2 THE CIVIL LIABILITY CONVENTION 1969 61
2.1 INTRODUCTION 61
2.1.1 PRE-1969 SITUATION 61
2.1.2 PREPARATORY WORK BY CMI 61
2.1.3 CONVENING OF THE CONFERENCE 62
2.2 PRINCIPLE OF STRICT LIABILITY 63
2.2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 63
2.2.2 MAIN ARGUMENTS FOR DIFFERENT SCHEMES 63
2.2.2.1 STRICT LIABILITY ON THE CARGO 63
2.2.2.2 STRICT LIABILITY ON THE SHIP 66
2.2.2.3 FAULT LIABILITY ON THE SHIPOWNER 68
2.2.2.4 JOINT LIABILITY 69
2.2.3 DECISION ON STRICT LIABILITY OF THE SHIPOWNER 69
2.2.3.1 FIRST ROUND VOTE 69
2.2.3.2 SECOND ROUND VOTE 70
2.2.3.3 FINAL VOTE 71
2.2.4 COMPROMISE DECISION 72
2.2.5 EVALUATION 73
2.3 THE PRINCIPLE OF LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 75
2.3.1 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN MARITIME LAW 75
2.3.2 THE DEBATE ON THE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AT THE 1969 CONFERENCE
77
2.3.2.1 GENERAL DEBATE ON THE PRINCIPLE OF LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 77
2.3.2.2 THE AMOUNT OF LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 79 2.3.3 EVALUATION 80
2.4 PRINCIPLE OF CHANNELLING OF LIABILITY 82
2.4.1 CHANNELLING IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY 82
2.4.2 CHANNELLING IN CASE OF OIL POLLUTION 83
2.4.2.1 CMI DRAFT 83
2.4.2.2 DEBATE AT THE 1969 CONFERENCE 84
2.4.3 EVALUATION 87
IX
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.5 PRINCIPLE OF COMPULSORY INSURANCE 88 2.5.1 GENERAL DEBATE ON THE
NECESSITY OF
COMPULSORY INSURANCE *
2.5.2 THE DIRECT ACTION AGAINST THE INSURER 92
2.5.3 MINIMUM TONNAGE REQUIREMENT FOR TANKERS TO TAKE INSURANCE COVER 93
2.5.4 SANCTIONS 94
2.5.5 EVALUATION 95
2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 96
3 FUND CONVENTION 98
3.1 INTRODUCTION 98
3.2 SCOPE OF COMPENSATION 98
3.2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION 99
3.2.2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES 100
3.3 WHEN THE FUND INTERVENES 101
3.4 EXONERATION OF THE FUND 103
3.4.1 GENERAL DEBATES ON THE EXEMPTIONS OF THE FUND 103
3.4.2 ACT OF WAR, NATURAL PHENOMENON AN UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE OF POLLUTION
104
3.4.2.1 ACT OF WAR 104
3.4.2.2 NATURAL PHENOMENON 105
3.4.2.3 UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE OF POLLUTION 106
3.4.2.4 GOVERNMENT S FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE 108
3.5 AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION 108
3.5.1 DISCUSSION ON COMPENSATION AMOUNT AND AMENDMENT PROCEDURE 108
3.5.2 EVALUATION 111
3.6 RELIEF OF THE SHIPOWNER 112
3.6.1 RELIEF AS A PRINCIPLE 112
3.6.2 RELIEF CONDITIONAL ON SAFETY STANDARDS 114
3.6.3 AMOUNT OF RELIEF 116
3.6.4 EVALUATION 118
3.7 STATE RESPONSIBILITY 119
3.8 CONTRIBUTION TO THE FUND 120
3.8.1 DEBATE ON THE MINIMUM AMOUNT AND CALCULATION OF CONTRIBUTION 120
3.8.2 EVALUATION 122
3.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 123
4 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE VOLUNTARY AND INTERNATIONAL REGIME 125 4.1
TOVALOP V. CLC 1969 125
4.2 CRISTAL V. FUND CONVENTION 1971 126
4.3 EVALUATION ] 26
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 127
IMAGE 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME 131
1 INTRODUCTION 131
2 THE 1984 PROTOCOLS 132
2.1 MAIN REASONS FOR REVISION AND CRITIQUES 132
2.1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 132
2.1.2 AMOCO CADIZ INCIDENT 134
2.2 INCREASED COMPENSATION 136
2.2.1 GENERAL ARGUMENTS FOR INCREASING COMPENSATION 136
2.2.2 SPECIFIC AMOUNT 137
2.2.2.1 INCREASE OF THE AMOUNT 137
2.2.2.2 EVALUATION 140
2.2.3 AMENDMENT PROCEDURE 142
2.2.4 LOSS OF LIMITATION RIGHT 145
2.2.4.1 BACKGROUND 145
2.2.4.2 REVISION 146
2.2.4.3 EVALUATION 146
2.3 CHANNELLING OF LIABILITY 147
2.3.1 AMOCO CADIZ JUDGMENT 147
2.3.2 REVISION OF CHANNELLING 148
2.3.3 EVALUATION 151
2.4 EXTENSION OF SCOPE OF APPLICATION 152
2.4.1 INCIDENT AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES 152
2.4.1.1 INCIDENT 152
2.4.1.2 SPECIAL TREATMENT FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURES 153 2.4.1.3 EVALUATION
154
2.4.2 DEFINITION OF POLLUTION DAMAGE 154
2.4.2.1 DEBATE ON THE NEW DEFINITION 154
2.4.2.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE NEW DEFINITION 158
2.5 RELIEF TO THE SHIPOWNER (ROLL-BACK OR INDEMNIFICATION FUNCTION) 159
2.5.1 DELETION OF THE FUND S SECONDARY FUNCTION 159
2.5.2 ROLE OF THE STATE 160
2.5.3 EVALUATION 161
2.6 INFLUENCE OF THE 1984 PROTOCOLS 162
2.7 FAILURES OF THE 1984 PROTOCOLS 163
3 THE 1992 CONVENTIONS 165
3.1 ADOPTION OF THE 1992 CONVENTIONS 165
3.2 EVALUATION 168
4 DISAPPEARANCE OF THE VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS 168
4.1 INTERACTION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 168
4.1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 168
4.1.2 AMENDMENTS OF THE VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS 169
4.2 DISAPPEARANCE OF TOVALOP AND CRISTAL 170
5 WINDING UP OF THE 1971 FUND 170
XI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.1 1969/1971 REGIME V. 1992 REGIME 170
5.2 CURRENT SITUATION OF THE TWO CLC 171
5.3 WINDING UP OF THE 1971 FUND 171
6 THE 2000 RESOLUTIONS 173
7 2003 SUPPLEMENTARY FUND PROTOCOL AND FURTHER STUDY 176 7.1 BACKGROUND
I 76
7.1.1 ERIKA II PROPOSALS 176
7.1.1.1 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 176
7.1.1.2 DEFINITION OF POLLUTION DAMAGE 178
7.1.1.3 RESPONSIBILITIES AND LIABILITIES 178
7.1.1.4 PRESTIGE INCIDENT AND EU ACTIVISM 178
7.2 IMO REACTION AND THE ADOPTION OF THE 2003 SUPPLEMENTARY FUND 179
7.2.1 ADOPTION OF THE 2003 SUPPLEMENTARY FUND PROTOCOL 179
7.2.2 EU REACTION 180
7.2.3 EVALUATION OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY FUND 181
7.3 INDUSTRY REACTION: STOPIA AND TOPIA 182
8 CONCLUDING REMARKS 185
CHAPTER 5 US REGIME ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR MARINE OIL POLLUTION 189 1
INTRODUCTION 189
2 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF US LAWS ON OIL POLLUTION 191
2.1 PRIOR TO 1967 191
2.1.1 THE OIL POLLUTION ACT 1924 191
2.1.2 FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT OF 1948 191 2.1.3 THE CLEAN
WATER RESTORATION ACT OF 1966 191
2.2 TORREY CANYON: MID-1970S 192
2.2.1 ACTIONS OF THE US GOVERNMENT 192
2.2.2 DOMESTIC LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS: WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF
1970 193
2.2.3 ACTIONS AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL 195
2.3 MID-1970S: PRIOR TO EXXON VALDEZ (1989) 197
2.3.1 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY 197
2.3.2 MAJOR DOMESTIC LEGISLATIONS 198
2.3.3 ACTIVITY AT THE 1984 DIPLOMATIC CONFERENCE 200 2.4 ENACTMENT OF
OPA 201
2.4.1 EXXON VALDEZ INCIDENT 201
2.4.2 REACTION OF THE US CONGRESS 202
2.4.3 MAIN DEBATES 202
2.4.3.1 RATIFICATION OF 1984 PROTOCOLS 202
2.4.3.2 PREEMPTION OF STATE LAWS 204
2.4.4 REACHING AGREEMENT AND ADOPTION OF OPA 205 2.5 EVALUATION OF THE
LEGAL HISTORY 205
3 MAIN PROVISIONS OF OPA 207
XII
IMAGE 7
3.1 NATURE OF LIABILITY
3.1.1 RESPONSIBLE PARTIES 3.1.2 STRICT LIABILITY 3.1.3 EXONERATION FROM
LIABILITY 3.1.4 IMPLICATION 3.2 SCOPE OF DAMAGES COVERED
3.3 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 3.3.1 PROVISION IN OPA 3.3.1.1 AMOUNT OF
LIMITATION 3.3.1.2 LOSS OF LIMITATION RIGHT 3.3.2 EVALUATION 3.4
FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
3.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT 3.4.2 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INDUSTRY 3.5 THE
OIL POLLUTION LIABILITY TRUST FUND 3.5.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OSLTF
3.5.2 COVERAGE OF THE OSLTF 3.5.3 FINANCING OF THE OSLTF 3.5.4 AMOUNT OF
THE OSLTF 3.5.5 IMPLICATIONS
3.5.6 IMPACT OF OPA 90 4 RECENT CHANGES 4.1 POST-OPA DEVELOPMENTS 4.2
INCREASE OF OSLTF
4.3 INCREASE OF LIABILITY LIMITS 4.4 EVALUATION 5 CONCLUDING REMARKS
CHAPTER 6 CHINESE MARINE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION REGIME 1
INTRODUCTION
2 RELEVANT LEGISLATION IN CHINA 2.1 DOMESTIC LEGISLATION 2.1.1 GENERAL
RULES 2.1.2 MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW
2.1.3 CHINA MARITIME CODE 2.1.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW
2.1.5 REGULATIONS 2.1.6 MARITIME COURTS 2.2 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
RATIFIED BY CHINA
2.2.1 CLC 2.2.2 FUND CONVENTION 2.2.3 APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS 2.3 EVALUATION 3 EXISTINE PROBLEMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
207 207 208
209 209 210 210 210 210 211 212 213 213 213 214 214 214 215 217 217 218
220 220 220 221 222 223
225 225 227 227 227 227 229
232 232 234 235 235 235
IN CHINA 235
237 237
X L LL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.1 CONFLICTS OF LAW IN CHINA 237
3.2 COMPULSORY INSURANCE 240
3.3 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 241
3.4 NO COMPENSATION FUND IN CHINA 241
3.5 SUMMARY 242
4 RESEARCH CARRIED OUT BY THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT 243
4.1 RESEARCH ON THE CHINESE COMPENSATION MECHANISM 243 4.2 COLLECTION
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE DOMESTIC FUND 245 5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 245
CHAPTER 7 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 247
1 INTRODUCTION 247
2 BASIS OF LIABILITY 248
2.1 GENERAL COMPARISON 248
2.2 LIABLE PARTIES 248
2.2.1 DEFINITION OF LIABLE PARTIES 248
2.2.2 CHANNELLING IN THE CLC 251
2.3 DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF SOME MAJOR PLAYERS 253
2.3.1 SUMMARY 253
2.3.2 SERVANTS OR AGENTS OF THE OWNER 253
2.3.3 PILOTS 253
2.3.4 BAREBOAT CHARTERER 253
2.3.5 TIME CHARTERER AND VOYAGE CHARTERER 254
2.3.6 MANAGER AND OPERATOR 255
2.3.7 SALVORS 256
2.4 COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE 257
2.5 DEFENCES TO LIABILITY 257
2.6 TANKER OWNERSHIP 258
3 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 259
3.1 AMOUNT OF LIMITATION 259
3.2 LOSS OF THE LIMITATION RIGHT 259
3.2.1 CLC PROVISION 259
3.2.2 OPA PROVISION 261
3.3 EVALUATION 262
3.4 DEBATE ON LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN MARITIME LAW 263 3.4.1 LEGAL
JUSTIFICATIONS 263
3.4.2 CRITIQUES 264
3.4.3 FURTHER EXPLORATION 265
4 COMPENSABLE DAMAGES 266
4.1 POLLUTION DAMAGE 266
4.1.1 CLC DEFINITION 266
4.1.2 THE OPA DEFINITION 268
4.1.3 COMPARISON 268
4.2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES 270
XIV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.2.1 COMPARISON BETWEEN CLC AND OPA DEFINITIONS 270 4.2.2 SALVAGE
OPERATIONS 271
4.3 PURE ECONOMIC LOSS 272
4.3.1 INTERNATIONAL REGIME 272
4.3.2 THE US REGIME 274
4.3.3 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 275
4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE 275
4.4.1 CLC PROVISION 275
4.4.2 NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE DEFINED IN OPA 278
4.4.3 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 278
4.5 EVALUATION 281
5 COMPULSORY INSURANCE 281
5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF COMPULSORY INSURANCE 281
5.2 FORMS OF FINANCIAL GUARANTEE 282
5.3 SANCTIONS 282
5.4 SUMMARY 283
6 COMPENSATION FUND 283
6.1 CHANGE FROM 1971 FUND TO 1992 FUND 283
6.1.1 DELETION OF ROLL-BACK FUNCTION 283
6.1.2 CONTRIBUTION TO THE FUND 284
6.1.3 INFLUENCE OF THE CHANGE 285
6.2 AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION 285
6.2.1 IOPC FUND 285
6.2.2 OSLTF 286
6.3 COVERAGE 286
6.3.1 IOPC FUND 286
6.3.2 OSLTF 287
6.4 FINANCING OF THE FUND 287
6.4.1 IOPC FUND 287
6.4.2 OSLTF 288
6.5 OPERATION OF THE FUND (AS FIRST RESORT OR ONLY RESIDUAL) 288 6.5.1
IOPC FUND 288
6.5.2 OSLTF 289
7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 290
CHAPTER 8 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 299
1 INTRODUCTION 299
2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 300
2.1 COASE THEOREM 300
2.2 PROHIBITIVE TRANSACTION COSTS 301
2.2.1 CONCEPT OF TRANSACTION COSTS 301
2.2.2 RELEVANCE TO THE COASE THEOREM 302
3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE LIABILITY SYSTEM 302
3.1 ECONOMIC THEORY OF THE LIABILITY SYSTEM 302
XV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.1.1 BASIC THEORY 302
3.1.2 ACTIVITY LEVEL 304
3.1.3 UNILATERAL V. BILATERAL ACCIDENT 305
3.1.3.1 UNILATERAL ACCIDENT 305
3.1.3.2 BILATERAL ACCIDENT 306
3.1.4 TEST FOR STRICT LIABILITY 308
3.1.5 LEGAL JUSTIFICATION FOR STRICT LIABILITY: IMPROVING THE SITUATION
OF THE VICTIM? 308
3.2 APPLICATION TO THE MARINE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION REGIME 309
3.2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 309
3.2.2 ANALYSIS OF THE CLC 309
3.2.3 OPA AND CHINA 310
3.4 INSOLVENCY PROBLEM 310
4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CAPS 311
4.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 311
4.1.1 CONTRACT SITUATION 311
4.1.2 THIRD-PARTY LOSSES 312
4.1.2.1 UNILATERAL ACCIDENT 312
4.1.2.2 BILATERAL ACCIDENT 313
4.2 APPLICATION TO OIL POLLUTION 314
4.2.1 ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CAPS 314
4.2.1.1 UNDER-COMPENSATION 314
4.2.1.2 UNDERDETERRENCE 315
4.2.1.3 SUBSIDY 316
4.2.2 ANALYSIS OF UNLIMITED LIABILITY 317
4.2.3 FINANCIAL CAPS IN THE CLC 319
4.2.4 ANALYSIS OF THE US REGIME 322
4.2.5 ANALYSIS OF CHINESE LAW 323
5 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CHANNELLING 323
5.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 323
5.1.1 CHANNELLING 323
5.1.2 JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY 325
5.2 APPLICATION TO OIL POLLUTION 326
5.2.1 ANALYSIS OF THE CHANNELLING IN THE CLC AND CHINESE LAW 326
5.3 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 329
5.4 LENDER LIABILITY 330
5.4.1 ECONOMIC THEORY 330
5.4.2 APPLICATION OF OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION REGIME 331
6 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE COMPULSORY INSURANCE 333
6.1 ECONOMIC THEORY OF INSURANCE 333
6.1.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND THE INSURANCE CAPACITY 333 6.1.2 PROBLEMS
WITH INSURANCE 333
XVI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.1.2.1 MORAL HAZARD 333
6.1.2.2 ADVERSE SELECTION 334
6.2 APPLICATION TO OIL POLLUTION 335
6.2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 335
6.2.2 APPLICATION TO THE MARINE OIL POLLUTION REGIME 336 6.2.3 ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS OF P&I CLUBS 337
7 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATION FUND 338
7.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 338
7.2 APPLICATION TO OIL POLLUTION 340
7.2.1 IOPC FUND 340
7.2.2 OSLTF 342
7.2.3 CHINA 343
7.3 SUGGESTIONS FROM LITERATURE 343
8 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REGULATION 343
8.1 ECONOMIC THEORY ON REGULATION 343
8.2 APPLICATION TO OIL POLLUTION 346
9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 348
CHAPTER 9 LAW AND PRACTICE: MARINE POLLUTION IN MOTION 351
1 INTRODUCTION 351
2 THE US REGIME ON OFFSHORE OIL SPILL 352
2.1 DEEPWATER HORIZON INCIDENT 352
2.2 THE US LEGAL REGIME ON OFFSHORE FACILITY LIABILITY 352 2.2.1 STRICT
LIABILITY 352
2.2.2 LIMITED LIABILITY 353
2.2.3 FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 353
2.2.4 COMPENSATION FUND 354
2.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN VESSEL SOURCE AND OFFSHORE FACILITY REGIMES 354
2.4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE FACILITY LIABILITY REGIME 355 2.4.1
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE STRICT LIABILITY 355
2.4.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIMITED LIABILITY 356
2.4.3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL GUARANTEE 357
2.4.4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATION FUND 358
2.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 359
3 CASE STUDY: ERIKA 361
CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 367
1 LEGAL HISTORY 367
1.1 SHIFTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT 367
1.2 HISTORICAL REASONS FOR SHIFTS 369
1.3 OBSERVATIONS FROM LEGAL HISTORY 370
2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 371
XVN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 373
3.1 ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL, THE US AND THE CHINESE REGIME 373
3.2 ECONOMIC RATIONALE FOR THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 374 3.3 REGULATION
V. LIABILITY 374
3.4 STATISTICS 375
4 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 376
4.1 NORMATIVE CONCLUSIONS 376
4.2 INTERNATIONAL 376
4.3 THE US 377
4.4 CHINA 378
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND OUTLOOK 379
TABLE OF CASES 383
TABLE OF LEGISLATIONS 385
BIBLIOGRAPHY 389
INDEX 403
XVM
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wang, Hui 1977- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1017914397 |
| author_facet | Wang, Hui 1977- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wang, Hui 1977- |
| author_variant | h w hw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039733167 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)767799993 (DE-599)GBV668439750 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV039733167 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:09:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789041136725 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024581012 |
| oclc_num | 767799993 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XXII, 411 S. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Kluwer Law Law & Business |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Energy and environmental law & policy series |
| series2 | Energy and environmental law & policy series |
| spelling | Wang, Hui 1977- Verfasser (DE-588)1017914397 aut Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime by Wang Hui Alphen aan den Rijn Kluwer Law Law & Business 2011 XXII, 411 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Energy and environmental law & policy series 19 Meeresverschmutzung (DE-588)4038331-3 gnd rswk-swf Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd rswk-swf Umwelthaftung (DE-588)4236015-8 gnd rswk-swf Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 gnd rswk-swf Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 s Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 s Meeresverschmutzung (DE-588)4038331-3 s Umwelthaftung (DE-588)4236015-8 s DE-604 Energy and environmental law & policy series 19 (DE-604)BV035320833 19 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024581012&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wang, Hui 1977- Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime Energy and environmental law & policy series Meeresverschmutzung (DE-588)4038331-3 gnd Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd Umwelthaftung (DE-588)4236015-8 gnd Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038331-3 (DE-588)4054184-8 (DE-588)4236015-8 (DE-588)4139780-0 |
| title | Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime |
| title_auth | Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime |
| title_exact_search | Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime |
| title_full | Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime by Wang Hui |
| title_fullStr | Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime by Wang Hui |
| title_full_unstemmed | Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime by Wang Hui |
| title_short | Civil liability for marine oil pollution damage |
| title_sort | civil liability for marine oil pollution damage a comparative and economic study of the international us and chinese compensation regime |
| title_sub | a comparative and economic study of the international, US and Chinese compensation regime |
| topic | Meeresverschmutzung (DE-588)4038331-3 gnd Seeschifffahrt (DE-588)4054184-8 gnd Umwelthaftung (DE-588)4236015-8 gnd Ölunfall (DE-588)4139780-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Meeresverschmutzung Seeschifffahrt Umwelthaftung Ölunfall |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024581012&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035320833 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wanghui civilliabilityformarineoilpollutiondamageacomparativeandeconomicstudyoftheinternationalusandchinesecompensationregime |