Habitat management for conservation: a handbook of techniques
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | Reprinted |
| Schriftenreihe: | Techniques in ecology and conservation series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 411 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780198568735 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Habitat management for conservation |b a handbook of techniques |c Malcolm Ausden |
| 250 | |a Reprinted | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a X, 411 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148575162073088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgements
vii
1.
Introduction
1
1.1
What is
habitat management
and why
¡s ¡t
necessary?
1
1.2
Principles of habitat management
5
1.3
The aims and scope of this book
8
1.4
Outline of the book
10
2.
Philosophical approaches to habitat management
13
2.
t
Preserving cultural habitats or managing change?
13
2.2
Recreating former cultural habitats or creating new ones?
16
2.3
The level of intervention: focusing on individual species or
encouraging natural processes?
16
2.4
Integrating habitat management with other interests and values
22
2.5
Conclusions
22
3.
Setting objectives and monitoring
27
3.1
Management planning
27
3.1.1
The format of the management plan
28
3.2
Monitoring and surveillance
44
3.2.1
Recording management actions
45
3.2.2
Making the most of existing information
45
3.2.3
Reverse planning and deciding what level of evidence
is required
45
3.2.4
Using indices and sampling
47
3.2.5
Use of controls
49
3.2.6
Frequency of monitoring
50
3.2.7
Maintaining consistency of methods
50
3.2.8
Quick and dirty site audits
52
3.3
Achieving conservation objectives in the wider countryside:
agri-environment schemes and conservation programmes
53
3.3.1
Prescription-led
53
3.3.2
Outcome-led
53
3.3.3
Auctioning conservation contracts
55
vi
I Contents
4.
General techniques and considerations
57
4.1
Management for different
taxa
57
4.1.1
Plants
57
4.1.2
Fungi
58
4.1.3
Lichens
59
4.1.4
Vertebrates
59
4.1.5
Invertebrates
60
4.2
Landscape factors
63
4.2.1
Area of habitat
64
4.2.2
Connect/Wty
64
4.2.3
Edge effects
67
4.2.4
Surrounding habitats
68
4.3
Disturbance
68
4.4
Crazing
69
4.4.1
Levels of control over grazing
69
4.4.2
Breed type
74
4.4.3
Use of anti-parasitic drugs
75
4.5
Controlling unwanted plants
77
4.6
Eradicating introduced cats and rats on islands
79
4.7
Taking account of climate change
82
4.7.1
Impacts
82
4.7.2
Mitigation and compensation
83
5. Dry grasslands
87
5.1
General principles of managing grasslands
88
5.1.1
Effects of management on vegetation
88
5.1.2
Effects of management on fungi
90
5.1.3
Effects of management on the grassland fauna
90
5.2
Non-intervention
92
5.3
Differences between grazing, cutting, and burning
94
5.3.1
Sward composition and structure
94
5.3.2
Scrub
96
5.3.3
Soil nutrients
96
5.3.4
Dung and carrion
97
5.4
Management by grazing
97
5.4.1
Effects of different grazing animals
97
5.4.2
Using mixtures of grazing animals
103
5.4.3
Crazing pressure
105
5.4.4
Timing and duration of grazing
109
5.5
Management by cutting with or without grazing
113
5.5.1
Meadows, and silage and haylage fields
113
5.5.2
Other grasslands
115
5.5.3
Topping
116
Contents
I
vii
5.5.4
Minimizing losses of birds nests and chicks during cutting
117
5.6
Managing by burning with or without grazing
117
5.7
Rotational management and the size of areas managed at
any one time
120
5.8
Soil disturbance
121
5.9
Use of fertilizers, lime, slurry, and farmyard manure
124
5.10
Diversifying botanically dull grasslands
125
5.10.1
Obtaining suitable seed
128
5.10.2
Oversowing and addition of green hay
128
5.10.3
Slot seeding
129
5.10.4
Plantingyoung pot-grown plants or seedling plugs
129
5.10.5
Providing suitable aftercare
129
6.
Dwarf-shrub habitats and shrublands
131
6.1
Key factors influencing the suitability of dwarf-shrub habitats
for plants and animals
132
6.2
General principles of managing dwarf-shrub vegetation and
shrublands
132
6.3
Burning
135
6.4
Crazing and browsing
140
6.5
European Atlantic lowland heathlands
141
6.5.1
Key factors influencing the suitability of Atlantic
lowland heathlands for plants and animals
142
6.5.2
Overview of management
145
6.5.3
Cutting and burning lowland heathland vegetation
148
6.5.4
Crazing and browsing
152
6.5.5
Removing individual trees and patches of scrub
158
6.5.6
Controlling bracken
160
6.5.7
Sod cutting/turf stripping to reduce nutrient levels and
other methods of creating bare and disturbed ground
160
6.6
Atlantic upland heaths and moorlands
164
6.6.1
Overview of management
166
6.6.2
Burning and cutting
167
6.6.3
Crazing
169
6.6.4
Controlling bracken
171
7.
Forests, woodlands, and scrub
173
7.1
Important features of forests and woodlands for wildlife
173
7.1.1
Tree-species composition
174
7.1.2
Growth stage and structure of stands
174
7.1.3
Theory of woodland regeneration
174
v¡¡¡ I
Contents
7.1.4
Cyclical succession of woodland, scrub, and grassland
mediated through grazing X77
7.1.5
Changes in biodiversity in relation to growth stage and
structure
179
7.1.6
Quantities and types of dead wood
180
7.1.7
Presence of gaps, glades, forest edge, and associated
habitats
181
7.1.8
Variation in soils, topography, and drainage
182
7.2
Types of forest and woodland
182
7.2.1
Old-growth
183
7.2.2
Recent secondary woodland and scrub
185
7.2.3
Managed high forest
185
7.2.4
Coppice
185
7.2.5
Managed open woodland systems
186
7.3
Managing scrub
187
7.3.1
Scrub removal
189
7.3.2
Diversifying the structure of closed-canopy scrub and
preventing scrub from succeeding to woodland
191
7.3.3
Increasing the extent of scrub
191
7.4
Managing woodlands and forests for conservation
191
7.4.1
Enhancing formerly managed high forest and recent
secondary woodland
193
7.4.2
Managing coppice woodland
197
7.4.3
Managing short-rotation coppice
205
7.4.4
Managing open woodland systems
207
7.4.5
Grazing and browsing
209
7.4.6
Burning
211
7.4.7
Integrating conservation management with commercial
forestry
215
Freshwater wetlands and water bodies
229
8.1
Principles of manipulating water levels
230
8.2
Water quality
232
8.3
Large, deep water bodies
234
8.3.1
Islands and rafts
234
8.4
Large, shallow water bodies
237
8.4.1
Increasing food supply for waterbirds: moist-soil
management
238
8.4.2
Providing shallow-water, mud, and open marginal habitat
241
8.5
Temporary pools
242
8.6
Permanent ponds and water-filled ditches
242
8.6.1
Clearing out vegetation to set back succession
244
8.6.2
Re-profiling to provide suitable water depths
246
Contents
I
ix
8.6.3 Management
of marginal vegetation
248
8.6.4
Management of water levels
249
5.6.
S
Creating new water bodies within existing networks of ditches
249
8.7
Rivers
249
8.8
Swamps and fens
252
8.8.1
Manipulating the annual water regime
253
8.8.2
Manipulating the proportions of open water and swamp
using periodic drawdowns and year-to-year fluctuations
in water levels
254
8.8.3
Preventing or reversing succession by long-term raising
of water levels
257
8.8.4
Lowering the substrate to set back succession and provide
open water
257
8.8.5
Long-term maintenance of open water
262
8.8.6
Vegetation management: differences between mowing,
burning, grazing, and non-intervention
262
8.9
Bogs
279
8.10
Wet scrub
281
8.11
Wet woodland
283
8.12
Wet grasslands
283
8.12.1
Maintaining existing botanically rich swards
288
8.12.2
Providing suitable conditions for wintering wildfowl and
other waterbirds
289
8.12.3
Providing suitable conditions for breeding waders/
meadow birds
290
9.
Coastal habitats
301
9.1
Sea cliffs
301
9.2
Intertidal mudflats, saltmarsh, and other tidal marsh vegetation
302
9.2.1
Grazing
305
9.2.2
Burning
309
9.2.3
Reducing erosion and increasing sediment supply
310
9.3
Management of intertidal habitat-creation sites
311
9.3.1
Tidal regime
311
9.3.2
Re-introducing topographic variation
313
9.4
Restoration of impounded saltmarsh
315
9.5
Saline water bodies
318
9.5.1
Manipulating salinities
321
9.5.2
Manipulating water levels
323
9.5.3
Controlling marginal vegetation
325
9.5.4
Creating and managing islands
325
9.6
Beaches and shingle
326
9.7
Dunes
327
Contents
9.7.1
Crazing
328
9.7.2
Bare ground and erosion
329
9.73
Management of dune slacks
330
10.
Arable land
331
10.1
Farming systems and crop types
334
10.1.1
Low-input, mixed, and organic farming
334
10.1.2
Spring-sown crops and winter stubbles
336
10.1.3
Fallow, set-aside, and grassland creation
338
10.1.4
Undersowing cereal crops
340
10.1.5
Non-inversion tillage
340
10.2
Minimizing pesticide and fertilizer use on field margins
341
10.3
Providing cultivated but unsown areas within fields
344
10.4
Minimizing destruction of birds nests during mechanical
operations
344
10.5
Providing unharvested crops for birds to eat
345
10.6
Manipulating flooding regimes
347
10.7
Uncropped habitats
349
10.7.1
Hedgerows, shelterbelts, shrubby fencerows, and other
scattered trees and scrub
351
10.7.2
Grassy field edges (grass margins/field borders, grass
filter strips, and beetle banks)
352
10.7.3
Water-filled ditches/dykes
353
10.7.4
Nectarstrips
354
11.
Gardens, backyards, and urban areas
355
11.1
Managing urban areas, gardens, and backyards for wildlife
357
11.1.1
Minimizing or avoiding harmful gardening practices
360
11.1.2
Planting flowers, shrubs, and trees that provide good
wildlife habitat
360
11.1.3
Creating specific features for wildlife
362
11.1.4
Artificial nest and hibernation sites
366
11.1.5
Minimizing
prédation
on wildlife by domestic cats
368
11.2
Brownfield and mineral-extraction sites
369
References
371
Index
399
|
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| id | DE-604.BV039701625 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:09:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198568735 |
| language | English |
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| physical | X, 411 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
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| series2 | Techniques in ecology and conservation series |
| spelling | Ausden, Malcolm Verfasser aut Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques Malcolm Ausden Reprinted Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2010 X, 411 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Techniques in ecology and conservation series Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd rswk-swf Habitat (DE-588)4239536-7 gnd rswk-swf Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 gnd rswk-swf Landschaftspflege (DE-588)4034353-4 gnd rswk-swf Habitat (DE-588)4239536-7 s Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 s DE-604 Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 s Landschaftspflege (DE-588)4034353-4 s Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024550162&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ausden, Malcolm Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd Habitat (DE-588)4239536-7 gnd Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 gnd Landschaftspflege (DE-588)4034353-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4601495-0 (DE-588)4239536-7 (DE-588)4115348-0 (DE-588)4034353-4 |
| title | Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques |
| title_auth | Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques |
| title_exact_search | Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques |
| title_full | Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques Malcolm Ausden |
| title_fullStr | Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques Malcolm Ausden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques Malcolm Ausden |
| title_short | Habitat management for conservation |
| title_sort | habitat management for conservation a handbook of techniques |
| title_sub | a handbook of techniques |
| topic | Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd Habitat (DE-588)4239536-7 gnd Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 gnd Landschaftspflege (DE-588)4034353-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biodiversität Habitat Naturschutz Landschaftspflege |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024550162&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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