Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej: = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bydgoszcz
Przemysław Drzewiecki
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 160 s. il. (w tym kolor.). - Ill., Kt. 25 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788392912415 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej |b = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bydgoszcz |b Przemysław Drzewiecki |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a 160 s. |b il. (w tym kolor.). - Ill., Kt. |c 25 cm. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148553150365696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR
1941-1942
w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej
Spis treści
Wstęp
.............................................................................................................................................. 6
Wprowadzenie
............................................................................................................................... 8
Część pierwsza. Polscy jeńcy i więźniowie w ZSRR, w latach
1939-1941............................... 21
1.
Jeńcy polscy w niewoli sowieckiej
......................................................................................... 22
2.
Aresztowania i deportacje
....................................................................................................... 51
Część druga. Polsko-sowieckie umowy wojskowe i ich realizacja w
1941
roku
..................... 57
1.
Nawiązanie stosunków dyplomatycznych i wojskowych z ZSRR
......................................... 58
2.
Realizacja pierwszych umów wojskowych
............................................................................ 63
Część trzecia. Armia gen. Andersa w ZSRR, w latach
1941-1942 ........................................... 69
1.
Pierwszy etap tworzenia Armii Polskiej
- 1941
rok
............................................................... 70
a. Rejony koncentracji jednostek
Annii
Polskiej
.................................................................... 70
b. Poczta Armii Polskiej w Nadwołżańskim Okręgu Wojskowym Armii Czerwonej
-„PriWO
............................................................................................................................ 83
2.
Drugi etap tworzenia Armii Polskiej
- 1942
rok
..................................................................... 87
a. Rejony koncentracji jednostek Armii Polskiej
.................................................................... 87
b. Poczta Armii Polskiej w Środkówoazjatyckim Okręgu Wojskowym Armii
Czerwonej
-
„SAWO
......................................................................................................... 103
Część czwarta. Ewakuacja Armii gen. Andersa z ZSRR w
1942
roku
................................... 121
1.
Pierwsza ewakuacja jednostek Armii Polskiej
-
wiosna,
1942
rok
........................................ 122
2.
Druga ewakuacja jednostek Armii Polskiej
-
lato,
1942
rok
.................................................. 126
3.
Znaczek poczty wojskowej
-
„Dojdziemy
............................................................................ 135
Część piąta. Ambasada Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w ZSRR, w latach
1941-1943.................. 139
Zakończenie
................................................................................................................................... 149
Summary
........................................................................................................................................ 152
Bibliografia
.................................................................................................................................... 158
Wykaz map
.................................................................................................................................... 160
The Polish Army of General Anders in the USSR
¡941-1942
in historical postal documentation
Table of contents
Preface
........................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction
.................................................................................................................................... 8
Part
1.
Polish prisoners of war and prisoners in the USSR
1939-1941...................................... 21
L
Polish prisoners of war in Soviet captivity
............................................................................ 22
2.
Arrest and deportation
............................................................................................................ 51
Part
2.
Polish-Soviet military agreements and their implementation in
1941............................ 57
1.
Establishing diplomatic and military relations with the USSR
............................................... 58
2.
Implementation of the first militaiy agreements
..................................................................... 63
Part3. The army of General Anders in the USSR
1941-1942 .................................................... 69
1.
The first phase of establishment of the Polish Army
- 1941 .................................................. 70
a. Concentration areas of the Polish Army units
.................................................................... 70
b. Post of the Polish Army in the Red Army Volga Military District
-
PriVO
...................... 83
2.
The second phase of establishment of the Polish Army
- 1942.............................................. 87
a. Concentration areas of the Polish Army units
.................................................................... 87
b. Post of the Polish Army in the Red Army Central-Asian Military District
SA VO
............ 103
Part
4.
The evacuation of the army of General Anders from the USSR in
1942 ....................... 121
1.
First evacuation of Polish Army units -Spring
1942............................................................. 122
2.
Second evacuation of Polish Army units
—
Summer
1942....................................................... 126
3.
The
Dojdziemy
(We will arrive) postage stamp for the Military Post
.................................. 135
Part
5.
The Embassy of the Polish Republic in the USSR
1941-1943........................................ 139
Conclusion
..................................................................................................................................... 149
Summary
........................................................................................................................................ 152
Bibliography
.................................................................................................................................. /55
List of maps
.................................................................................................................................... 160
The Polish Army of General Anders in the USSR
1941-1942
in historical postal documentation
Summary
On
1
September
1939
Germany attacked Poland without any declaration of war. For Poland the Sec¬
ond World War had begun. The war period was the most tragic chapter in the history of Poland. On
17
September
1939,
violating the bilateral pacts of non-aggression of
1932
and
1934,
the Soviet Army
crossed the Polish eastern border. By the end of the month, on
28
September, Hitler and Stalin had
agreed in Moscow upon the new German-Soviet border
-
effectively the fourth partition of Poland
in her long history. The USSR s share included more than half of Poland s occupied territory with
historic centres of Polish culture and a population of
5.5
million Poles and few million Ukrainians,
White-Russians and Jews. A tragic fate awaited the Polish soldiers and civilian population in the oc¬
cupied territories.
The number of Polish soldiers captured by the Red Army in September
1939
and arrested in the au¬
tumn of
1939
by the Soviet NKVD (Secret Police) amounted to approximately
250,000.
In October
1939
an order was issued by the chief of NKVD Lavrentiy Beria for the organization of prisoner of
war camps and the treatment of prisoners of war. Polish prisoners of war were finally placed in special
prison camps and labour camps. Officers, military reservists, police officers and public servants were
deployed in three camps: at Kozielsk,
Ostaszków
and Starobielsk
-
in total approximately
15,500
people (shortly thereafter that number fell slightly for various reasons). In addition
25,000
privates
and non-commissioned officers were sent to Soviet NKVD labour camps.
In April and May
1940,
officers of the NKVD executed nearly
14,500
prisoners from the camps
in Kozielsk,
Ostaszków
and Starobielsk. Only
395
people survived. The NKVD operation became
known as the
Katyń
crimes
-
from the village of
Katyń,
where the first mass graves of the executed
were discovered in April
1943.
The
Katyń
massacre was a war crime, first concealed and after that
for a long time lied about.
Repressions were conducted against all Poles in Eastern Poland. Based on an administrative deci¬
sion of the Soviet authorities, ethnic Poles were transported deep into the Soviet Union (in the Arctic
area, Siberia and Kazakhstan) during four large-scale deportation actions in February, April and June
1940
and in June
1941.
During these four deportations about
325,000
citizens were displaced, includ¬
ing
210,000
Polish
(63.6%),
more than
70,000
Jews
(21.2%), 25,000
Ukrainians
(7.6%)
and
20,000
White-Russians
(6%).
The liquidation of the Polish administration in eastern Poland and the deportation of the civilian
population led to the plunder on a massive scale of national and private wealth. Industrial plant in its
entirety was transported to the depths of the Soviet Union. Polish museums, libraries and archives
were ransacked. Churches were turned into stores and warehouses. All these activities were directed
against the Polish population to eradicate all traces of Polish culture in the territory occupied by the
Soviet Union.
***
The situation of Polish people radically changed when German troops attacked the Soviet Union
on
22
June
1941.
The same day the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill, of¬
fered Joseph Stalin full assistance in the fight against the common German enemy. The Soviet Union
also had to recognize the Polish government in exiie as allies. On
30
July
1941
Prime Minister and
Commander-in-Chief General
Władysław Sikorski,
urged by Churchill, signed the Polish-Soviet pact
152
Summary
of mutual assistance in the war against Germany and restored diplomatic relations between the two
countries. Due to the names of its signatories the agreement is known as the Sikorski-Maiski pact. The
signing of the pact took place at the Foreign Office in London.
With the restoration of diplomatic relations the Soviet Government had to grant an amnesty to all
Polish prisoners of war, prisoners and the individual civilians, whom had been deported to the Soviet
Union after
1939.
The Soviet Union also agreed to establish a Polish Army on its own territory. Gen¬
eral
Władysław
Anders, released from the prison in the Lubyanka on
4
August
1941,
was appointed
commander of the Polish Armed Forces in the Soviet Union. He was just
49
years old.
The method of formation of the Polish Army of General Anders was also agreed upon. Firstly in
September
1941
the Polish Army Command was established in Buzuluk and two divisions were or¬
ganised: the 5th Infantry Division in Tatiszczewo and the 6th Infantry Division in Tockoje
-
all in the
European territory of the USSR, in the Red Army Volga Military District
-
PriVO . Correspondence
was sent through the Soviet civilian post or Polish military couriers. Only local datestamps were used
in PriVO . Each division and command had a P.O. Box number and code letter for the unit. In the
Soviet civilian post offices Polish soldiers had to pay the normal postal fees.
No censorship cancels were applied.
In February
1942
the Polish Army was moved to southern USSR
-
to the Red Army Central Asian
Military District
-
SAVO . The Headquarters of the Polish Army was established in Jangi-Jul near
Tashkent (Uzbekistan), the 5th Infantry Division in
Dżałał-Abad (Kyrgyzstan),
the 6th Infantry Divi¬
sion in Szachriziabs (Uzbekistan), the 7th infantry Division in Kermine (Uzbekistan), the 8th Infan¬
try Division in Czok-Pak (Kazakhstan), the 9th Infantry Division in
Margelan
(Uzbekistan) and the
10th Infantry Division in
Ługowaja
(Kazakhstan). In addition, among other things, an Army Training
Centre was established in Wrewskaja (Uzbekistan) and the Army Organizational Centre in Guzar
(Uzbekistan). Soviet Field Post numbers were assigned to mail as follows:
3000
(Headquarters),
3001
(5th Infantry Division),
3002
(6th Infantry Division),
3003
(7th Infantry Division),
3004
(Army Or¬
ganizational Centre) and
3005
(Army Training Centre).
Field Post
3000
(Jangi-Jul)
Field Post
3001
(Dżałał-Abad)
Field Post
3002
(Szachriziabs)
FieldPost
3003
(Kermine)
Field Post
3005
(Wrewskaja)
Corresponding datestamps were used from the end of May until the end of August
1942.
Adatestamp
for the number
3004
was not used because the military unit in Guzar had been transferred to Iran by
that time.
153
The Polish Army of General Anders in the USSR
1941-1942
in historical postal documentation
From February
1942
the Organizational Centre of the Polish Army in Guzar used locally an official
octagonal postmark Field
К
Post
(Poczta
К
Polowa).
Letter sent by courier from the Polish Army Organizational Centre in Guzar with an octagonal
handstamp
Poczta
К
Polowa
and a triangular censorship
handstamp B
CK .
The letter was sent to the 6th Infantry
Division in Szachriziabs where it was censored again and a triangular censorship
handstamp
with the
character M
-
after the first name of the division commander brigadier general
Michal
Tokarzewski-
Karaszewicz
-
was applied. The letter was then redirected to the hospital of the 6th Infantry Division near
Kitab. In April
1942
it was sent to the addressee in the Middle East with one of the evacuation transports
(from the collection ofZ. Mikulski).
On
15
May
1942
a Main Field Post Office was opened for the Polish Army Command in Jangi-Jul.
The Office used a circular datestamp for marking departing and arriving letters.
Dowód nadania przekazu
Adresal
__
Poczta
podpis
Kwota
Opłata
rub I k
rub
Кк
-
!
. < ■-
Proof of delivery for a money? trans¬
fer sent on
6
August
1942
through the
Main Field Post Office in Jangi-Jul
(from the collection of Z. Gniewo-
szewski).
Proof of delivery for a telegram sent
on
29
June
1942
through the Main
Field Post Office in Jangi-Jul (from
the collection ofS. Ryndak).
154
Summary
In the Central-Asian Military District
-
SAVO
boxed rectangular and triangular censorship hands-
tamps were applied (known examples of the
handstamps
are very rare and sometimes unique):12
•
B.C.W.
(Biuro Cenzury Wojskowej
Military Censorship Office),
•
REJ.
B.C.W.
(Rejonowe Biuro Cenzury Wojskowej
-
District Military Censorship Office),
•
B.C.
(Biuro Cenzury
-
Censorship Office).
CENZURA WOJSKOWA
Guzar
Jangi-Jul
Jangi-Jul
Jangi-Jul
Dżalal-Abad
Guzar
Dżaial-Abad
Szachriziabs
Jangi-Jul
(type
1)
Jangi-Jul
(type II)
Szachriziabs
Kerm
ine
Kermìne
Wrewskaja
Ялтсхйск,
џџ
kpa
і
/■ *
л
/
■aja
С
і
-
j
™^ l·
¿-ír-
;,-.:
Letter
sent on
25
June
1942
through Soviet Field Post Office
3003,
which was responsible for
the Field Post of the 7th Infantry
Division in Kermin. There the let¬
ter was censored and a triangular
censorship
handstamp
Z
-
after
the first name of the division com¬
mander general
Zygmunt Bohusz-
Szyszko
-
was applied (from the
collection of the author).
Original historical postal documentation from those years is now rarely encountered and are now
historical rarities. Some of the documents presented in the book are indeed unique values.
28
pp.
103-110.
128
155
The Polish Army of General Anders in the USSR
1941-1942
in historical postal documentation
i
etifi
os
Tio
ty
РЅИ.
W
TTSRR
і
»
)
p.1
OCENZUROWANO
- -*
f
OPENED. BY CENSOR
лі
vavsvawv
Letter from the embassy secretary
Wiesław
Arlet sent by courier from the Polish embassy in Kujbyszew
through Jangi-Jul to the 5th Polish Infantry Division in
Dżałał-Abad.
In Jangi-Jul the letter was censored
and a triangular censorship
handstamp
with character C (type I) was applied together with
a handstamp
of the Main Polish Field Post Office with manuscript date
5
June
1942.
The letter was forwarded to Iraq,
because the addressee had been evacuated earlier (from the collection ofj. Niebrzydowski).
156
Summary
ss
ł
ι
:
·*«■♦:
Postage stamp
Dojdziemy
(We will arrive) with
a handstamp
of the
Main Polish Field Post Office (from the collection of the author).
On
18
and
19
August
1942
the Polish Army in Jangi-Jul distributed the
Dojdziemy
(We will arrive)
postage stamp. Only
3017
stamps were printed. In total
263
stamps were sold, a considerable number
of them were cancelled with the datestamps of the Main Field Post Office or Soviet Field Post Office
number
3000.
l29
Based on an order of the Chief of Staff General Bohusz-Szyszko the army postage stamp was with¬
drawn. The unsold stamps were stored. Overnight from
19
to
20
August
1942
the Main Field Post
Office left Jangi-Jul and was transferred to JCrasnowodsk.
***
Conflicts concerning the organization and the use of an insufficiently equipped Polish Army on the
Russian front, as well as the dramatic situation of the Polish Army and civilian populations in the
USSR (their catastrophic food and health situation) lay at the foundation of the decision to evacuate
the military units, their families and civilians out of the Soviet Union, by boat to Pahlewi in Iran in
the Middle East. During two large-scale operations in March/April and in August
1942
about
115,000
people were evacuated, including
78,000
soldiers and
37,000
civilians
-
mainly women and chil¬
dren.
The story of the military and civilians who left the Soviet Union, has special significance in the his¬
tory of the fate of the Polish people during the war. General Anders was well aware of the fact that the
evacuation was the only way to protect his soldiers and the Polish population from extinction, and in
all consciousness took upon himself the burden of carrying out this task. He made the decision even
though it conflicted with certain orders of the Polish government in exile in London. He was confi¬
dent, however, that those orders resulted from a lack of up to date information and understanding of
the situation in which the Poles found themselves.
The army of General
Władysław
Anders was called the most remarkable army the world. In fact it
consisted almost entirely of prisoners of war, civilian prisoners and exiles, under the leadership also
of prisoners of war and civilian prisoners. In
1942,
after completing the evacuation from the territories
of the Soviet Union, the soldiers of the Anders army began a difficult march through three continents
—
from Europe through Asia and Africa to Europe.
pp.
135-138.
157
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Drzewiecki, Przemysław |
| author_facet | Drzewiecki, Przemysław |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Drzewiecki, Przemysław |
| author_variant | p d pd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039686309 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)767764586 (DE-599)BVBBV039686309 |
| era | Geschichte 1941-1942 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1941-1942 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV039686309 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:08:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788392912415 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024535210 |
| oclc_num | 767764586 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 160 s. il. (w tym kolor.). - Ill., Kt. 25 cm. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Przemysław Drzewiecki |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Drzewiecki, Przemysław Verfasser aut Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation Bydgoszcz Przemysław Drzewiecki 2011 160 s. il. (w tym kolor.). - Ill., Kt. 25 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Polnisches Korps 2 (DE-588)4264049-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1941-1942 gnd rswk-swf Postkarte (DE-588)4046902-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Polnisches Korps 2 (DE-588)4264049-0 b Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Postkarte (DE-588)4046902-5 s Geschichte 1941-1942 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024535210&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024535210&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Drzewiecki, Przemysław Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation Polnisches Korps 2 (DE-588)4264049-0 gnd Postkarte (DE-588)4046902-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4264049-0 (DE-588)4046902-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_alt | The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_auth | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_exact_search | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_full | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_fullStr | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_short | Armia Polska generała Andersa w ZSRR 1941 - 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno-pocztowej |
| title_sort | armia polska generala andersa w zsrr 1941 1942 w dokumentacji historyczno pocztowej the polish army of general anders in the ussr 1941 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| title_sub | = The Polish Army of general Anders in the USSR 1941 - 1942 in historical postal documentation |
| topic | Polnisches Korps 2 (DE-588)4264049-0 gnd Postkarte (DE-588)4046902-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polnisches Korps 2 Postkarte Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024535210&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024535210&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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