The Neurologic Diagnosis: a practical bedside approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Yok [u.a.]
Springer Science + Business Media
2012
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 297 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 035 | |a (OCoLC)779577197 | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Neurologic Diagnosis |b a practical bedside approach |
| 264 | 1 | |a New Yok [u.a.] |b Springer Science + Business Media |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 297 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148552027340800 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The neurologic diagnosis
Autor: Alpert, Jack N.
Jahr: 2012
Contents
1 Introduction.................................................................................. 1
2 The Ten Neuroanatomic Diagnoses............................................ 3
Common Neurologic Signs: Localizing Value.............................. 4
Central Nervous System Disease (CNS),
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS),
and Muscle Disease (M)............................................................ 4
Cerebral.......................................................................................... 4
Extrapyramidal............................................................................... 7
Brainstem/Cerebellum................................................................... 8
Spinal Cord Lesions (Myelopathies)............................................. 11
Radiculopathy................................................................................ 14
Plexopathy...................................................................................... 16
Neuropathy..................................................................................... 17
Neuromuscular Junction................................................................ 19
Myopathy....................................................................................... 20
Meningeal Disease......................................................................... 21
Synopsis......................................................................................... 23
Multiple Choice Questions............................................................ 24
Answers.......................................................................................... 25
Bibliography.................................................................................. 26
3 The Neurologic History Holds the Diagnostic Keys.................. 27
Neurologic Symptoms in Psychiatric Disease............................... 33
Bibliography.................................................................................. 35
4 Neurologic Examination.............................................................. 37
Vital Signs...................................................................................... 37
Mental Status Examination............................................................ 38
Visual Observations................................................................... 38
Auditory Observations............................................................... 39
Cranial Nerve Examination............................................................ 45
Olfactory Nerve (I)..................................................................... 45
Optic Nerve (II).......................................................................... 45
Optic Nerve: Evaluation of Central Vision (See Fig. 4.2)......... 46
Visual Field Examination (See Fig. 4.3).................................... 47
3rd, 4th, and 6th Cranial Nerves................................................ 51
Trigeminal Nerve....................................................................... 66
7th Cranial Nerve (Facial).......................................................... 68
8th Cranial Nerve (Vestibulocochlear)....................................... 70
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (9th Cranial Nerve)............................ 75
Vagus Nerve (10th Cranial Nerve)............................................. 76
Spinal Accessory Nerve (11th Cranial Nerve)........................... 76
Hypoglossal Nerve (12th Cranial Nerve)................................... 77
Motor Examination........................................................................ 77
General Observations................................................................. 78
Close Inspection......................................................................... 81
Coordination.............................................................................. 81
Strength...................................................................................... 82
Tone............................................................................................ 83
Gait and Station Examination........................................................ 85
Common Gait Disorders............................................................ 85
Uncommon Gait Disorders........................................................ 86
Reflex Examination........................................................................ 88
Method of Examination............................................................. 88
Enhancement Technique............................................................ 90
Reflex Aberrations..................................................................... 90
Superficial Reflexes.................................................................... 90
Abnormal Reflexes..................................................................... 90
Reflexes of Questionable Significance....................................... 92
Synopsis..................................................................................... 92
Sensory Examination..................................................................... 93
Sensory Abnormalities According to Lesion Site...................... 94
Nonorganic Sensory Loss.......................................................... 96
Sensory Terminology................................................................. 97
Dermatome Patterns (Fig. 4.18)..................................................... 97
Mechanical Signs........................................................................... 98
Meningeal Disease..................................................................... 98
Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy......................................... 98
Questions (True or False)............................................................... 99
Answers.......................................................................................... 100
Bibliography.................................................................................. 100
Evaluation of the Poorly Responsive Patient............................. 101
Clouding of Consciousness (Lethargy).......................................... 101
Delirium......................................................................................... 101
Obtundation.................................................................................... 102
Stupor............................................................................................. 102
Coma.............................................................................................. 102
Neurologic Examination................................................................ 102
Inspection................................................................................... 102
Respiration (see Fig. 5.1)........................................................... 102
Mental Status Examination........................................................ 103
Cranial Nerves........................................................................... 104
Utility of Caloric Testing........................................................... 106
Spontaneous Eye Movements in a Poorly
Responsive Patient..................................................................... 106
Eye Deviations........................................................................... 107
Pupils.......................................................................................... 107
Corneal Reflexes........................................................................ 107
Eyelids........................................................................................ 108
Palate.......................................................................................... 108
Motor Function.......................................................................... 108
Reflexes...................................................................................... 108
Sensory....................................................................................... 109
Meningeal Signs......................................................................... 109
Metabolic and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathies..................... 109
Metabolic Encephalopathy......................................................... 109
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy........................................... 114
Prognostic Factors in Comatose Survivors After CPR.................. 114
Herniation Syndromes................................................................... 116
Chronic Disorders of Consciousness............................................. 119
Brain Death.................................................................................... 121
Questions (True or False)............................................................... 124
Answers.......................................................................................... 125
References...................................................................................... 125
6 The Six Major Anatomic Decussations
with Clinical Correlation............................................................. 127
The Corticospinal Tract (Fig. 6.1)................................................. 127
The Corticobulbar Pathways (Fig. 6.2).......................................... 129
The Oculomotor Decussation and Associated Pathways
(Fig. 6.3)......................................................................................... 131
The Visual Pathways (Fig. 6.4)...................................................... 134
The Sensory Systems..................................................................... 136
Questions (True or False)............................................................... 139
Answers.......................................................................................... 139
Bibliography.................................................................................. 139
7 Cerebrovascular Anatomy with Clinical Correlation............... 141
Ischemic Stroke (Cerebral Infarction) and Transient
Ischemic Attack............................................................................. 141
Summary.................................................................................... 148
Venous Sinus Disease.................................................................... 155
Intracerebral Hemorrhage.............................................................. 156
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage............................................................. 159
Questions (True or False)............................................................... 163
Answers.......................................................................................... 163
References...................................................................................... 164
8 Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy
with Clinical Correlation............................................................. 165
Pupil............................................................................................... 165
Case Reports.................................................................................. 169
Blood Pressure............................................................................... 172
Genitourinary System.................................................................... 174
Anatomic and Physiologic Overview......................................... 174
Sexual Function......................................................................... 175
Bowel Function.......................................................................... 176
Questions (True or False)............................................................... 176
Answers.......................................................................................... 177
References...................................................................................... 177
9 Neuromuscular Diseases: Neuroanatomic
and Differential Diagnoses.......................................................... 179
Cases.............................................................................................. 180
Appendix........................................................................................ 204
Bibliography.................................................................................. 204
10 Common Symptoms in the Neurology Clinic............................ 207
Headache........................................................................................ 207
Migraine..................................................................................... 216
Trigeminal Neuralgia................................................................. 217
Temporal Arteritis...................................................................... 217
Cluster Headache....................................................................... 217
Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania............................................... 217
Hypnic Headache....................................................................... 217
Short-Lasting, Unilateral Neuralgiform Headaches
with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT)................... 217
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia...................................................... 218
Vertigo............................................................................................ 219
Near-Syncope, Syncope, and Seizure............................................ 227
ILAE Classification of Epileptic Seizures (Modified)............... 230
Classification According to Etiology......................................... 231
Sleep Disorders.............................................................................. 235
Sleep Apnea............................................................................... 236
Parasomnias............................................................................... 238
Chronic Primary Insomnia......................................................... 241
Narcolepsy and Cataplexy......................................................... 242
Diagnostic Criteria for Narcolepsy............................................ 242
Idiopathic Hypersomnia............................................................. 243
Other Transient Neurologic Symptoms......................................... 243
Drop Attack (The Sudden Inexplicable Fall)......................... 243
Confusion/Amnesia.................................................................... 245
Transient Visual Impairment...................................................... 246
Transient Visual Illusions and Hallucinations........................... 247
Transient Motor and Sensory Disturbances............................... 248
Paroxysmal Motor Phenomena.................................................. 250
References...................................................................................... 251
Headache.................................................................................... 251
Vertigo........................................................................................ 251
Near-Syncope, Syncope and Seizure......................................... 251
Sleep Disorders.......................................................................... 251
Transient Neurologic Symptoms............................................... 251
11 Diagnostic Dilemmas................................................................... 253
References...................................................................................... 280
12 Neurologie Terminology.............................................................. 283
Acronyms....................................................................................... 283
Signs............................................................................................... 284
Syndromes...................................................................................... 289
Index...................................................................................................... 295
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