Patents in Germany and Europe: procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Alphen aan den Rijn [u.a.]
Kluwer Law International
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 376 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789041131645 9041131647 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Harguth, Alexander |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1038742099 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Patents in Germany and Europe |b procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook |c Alexander Harguth with Steven Carlson |
| 264 | 1 | |a Alphen aan den Rijn [u.a.] |b Kluwer Law International |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XXIV, 376 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Europäische Union |0 (DE-588)5098525-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 4 | |a Patent laws and legislation / Germany | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Patent laws and legislation / Europe | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Deutschland | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Europa | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Carlson, Steven |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820136904592457728 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Table
of
Contents
List of Tables
xvii
List of Figures
xix
Preface
xxi
List of Abbreviations
xxiii
Chapter
1
Why Germany?
1
1.
Introduction
1
2.
The German "Split System"
1
3.
Expertise and Reputation of German Patent Infringement Courts
2
4.
Speed and Costs of Proceedings in Germany
2
5.
Customs Actions
3
Chapter
2
Sources of Law
5
1.
Introduction
5
2.
European Laws
5
2.1.
European Patent Convention
6
2.2.
London Agreement
6
2.3.
Directives and Regulations of the
EU
7
2.3.1.
European Enforcement Directive
7
2.3.2.
Border Measures Regulations
8
3.
Other International Treaties
8
3.1.
Paris Convention
8
3.2.
PCT
9
3.3.
TRIPS
9
4.
German
Acts
10
4.1.
German Patent
Act
("Patentgesetz"·. PatG) 10
4.2.
German
Code of Civil Procedure
("Zivilprozessordnung": ZPO) 10
4.3.
Utility Model Act
("Gebrauchsmustergesetz": GebrMG) 11
4.4.
Act on Employees' Inventions
("Arbeitnehmererfindergesetz":
ArbEG)
11
Chapter
3
Structure of Legal System
13
1.
Introduction
13
2.
General Outline of Patent Disputes
14
2.1.
Disputes Focused on the Invalidation of the Patent
14
2.1.1.
Oppositions
14
2.1.2.
Nullity Actions
15
2.2.
Infringement Disputes
16
2.2.1.
Infringement Courts
17
2.2.1.1.
First Instance
17
2.2.1.2.
Second Instance
18
2.2.1.3.
Third Instance
18
3.
Court of Justice of the European Union
19
4.
Role of Judicial Precedent
20
5.
European Patent Court
20
Chapter
4
Forms of Patent Protection: Background on Prosecution
23
1.
European Patent
25
1.1.
Granting Procedure
25
1.1.1.
The
ЕРО'
s
Initial Formality Review and Search Report
26
1.1.1.1.
General Remarks
26
1.1.1.2.
Possible Events during the Search Phase
27
1.1.1.3.
Mandatory Reaction on Search Opinion
27
1.1.2.
Unity of the Invention
28
1.1.3.
Publication of the European Patent Application
29
1.1.4.
Examination Proceedings
30
1.2.
Divisional Applications (Article
76
EPC)
31
1.3.
Right of Priority (Articles
87, 88
EPC)
32
1.4.
Duty to Disclose
33
1.5.
Opposition, Revocation, and Limitation Proceedings
34
1.5.1.
Nature of Limitation Proceedings
34
1.5.2.
Strategic Use of Limitation Proceedings
35
1.6.
Observations by Third Parties
36
2.
European Patents with Unitary Effect
36
2.1.
Unitary Character
37
2.2.
Coexistence with European and National Patents
37
2.3.
Application of the EPC
38
2.4.
Language System
38
2.5.
Enforcement
39
3.
German Patents
39
3.1.
Procedure in General
39
3.2.
Amendments
40
3.3.
Divisional Applications
41
3.4.
Opposition Proceedings
41
4.
German Utility Models
(Gebrauchsmuster) 42
4.1.
Main Characteristics of German Utility Models
42
4.2.
Different Novelty Standards
42
4.3.
Registration of a German Utility Model
43
4.4.
Protectable Subject Matter
43
4.5.
Reasons for Filing a Utility Model
44
4.5.1.
Low Fees and Prosecution Costs
44
4.5.2.
Early Publication of the Invention
44
4.5.3.
Earlier Enforceability
46
4.5.4.
Damages
46
4.5.5.
Strategic "Branching Off"
46
4.5.5.1.
General Remarks
46
4.5.5.2.
Tailoring Claims in View of the Infringing
Embodiment
47
4.5.5.3.
Claim Sets for German Utility Models in
Case of an Infringement
47
5.
Design Protection (Design Patent)
48
5.1.
General Information
48
5.2.
Requirements for Design Protection
49
5.3.
European Community Design
50
5.3.1.
Registered Community Design (RCD)
50
5.3.2.
Unregistered Community Design
51
5.4.
German Industrial Design
{Geschmacksmuster) 51
5.5.
International Design (Hague System)
52
Chapter
5
Patentability Standards
53
1.
Patentable
Subject Matter
53
1.1.
Classes of Non-Inventions
53
1.2.
Programs for Computers and Computer Implemented
Inventions
56
1.2.1.
Technical Character
56
1.2.2.
Other Patentability Requirements
58
1.3.
Biotechnological Inventions
61
2.
Novelty
62
2.1.
The Absolute Novelty Rule and the First-to-File Principle
62
2.2.
Non-Prejudicial Disclosure
63
2.3.
Availability to the Public
64
2.4.
Determination of What is "Public"
65
2.5.
Novelty Assessment
66
2.5.1.
Introduction
66
2.5.2.
Combination of Features
67
2.5.3.
Meaning of Terms
67
2.5.4.
Incorporations by Reference
67
2.6.
So-called "Article
54(3)
Documents" and
§3(2)
of the German
Patent Act
68
2.7.
First Medical Use/Second Medical Use
70
3.
Patentability Standards Applicable to German Utility Models
71
4.
Standards on Inventive Step
72
4.1.
Introduction
72
4.2.
Problem and Solution Approach
73
4.2.1.
Step
1:
Determination of the "Closest Prior Art"
73
4.2.2.
Step
2:
Determination of the "Objective Technical
Problem"
74
4.2.3.
Step
3:
Obviousness Test
75
4.3.
German National Particularities
76
5.
Standards on Original Disclosure
76
5.1.
Removing a Feature from an Independent Claim
as Originally Filed
77
5.2.
The So-called "Inescapable Trap of Article 123(2)/(3)"
78
Chapter
6
Opposition Proceedings
81
1.
Introduction
81
2.
Patent Monitoring Programs
81
3.
Grounds for Opposition
82
4.
Any Person may Oppose
83
5.
Main Steps of Oppositions Proceedings
84
5.1.
Notice of Opposition
84
5.2.
Observations and Amendments during the Proceedings
85
5.3.
Summons
86
5.4.
Late-Filed Requests by the Patentee
86
5.5.
Late-Filed Facts or Evidence by the Challenger
87
5.6.
The Hearing
88
5.7.
Decision of the Opposition Division
88
5.8.
Appeal of Decisions of the Opposition Division
89
6.
Withdrawal of Opposition
89
7.
Intervention after the Nine-Month Opposition Period
90
8.
Statistics
90
9.
Interaction of
ЕРО
Opposition and National Invalidation Proceedings
90
Chapter
7
Nullity Actions
93
1.
Split System
93
2.
Court Structure
94
2.1.
Federal Patent Court
94
2.2.
Federal Supreme Court
95
3.
Main Procedural Aspects of Nullity Actions
96
3.1.
Priority of Opposition Proceedings over Nullity Actions
96
3.2.
Parties to the Nullity Action
96
3.3.
Timing of a Nullity Action
98
3.3.1.
Chronology of First Instance (Federal Patent Court)
98
3.3.2.
Appeal to the Federal Supreme Court
100
3.4.
Object of Nullity Actions
101
3.5.
Grounds for Revocation
102
3.6.
Special Procedural Aspects
104
3.6.1.
Scope of Nullity Actions
104
3.6.2.
Withdrawal of Nullity Actions
105
3.6.3.
Amendment of the Nullity Actions during the
Proceedings
106
3.6.4.
Admissibility of Claim Amendments filed during
the Proceedings
107
4.
Inspection of the Files
107
5.
Interplay with Infringement Proceedings
108
5.1.
Stays of Infringement Proceedings Pending the
Resolution of Validity
108
5.2.
Effects of the Nullity Decisions
108
5.3.
Inconsistent Statements
109
6.
Financial Aspects of Nullity Action
110
6.1.
Court Fees
110
6.1.1.
Court Fees: First Instance (Federal Patent Court)
110
6.1.2.
Court Fees: Second Instance (Federal Supreme Court)
110
6.1.3.
Costs for Court Expert
111
6.2.
Security for Defendant's Costs of the Proceedings 111
Chapter
8
Pre-Suit Considerations and Infringement Trial
113
1.
Jurisdiction and its International Aspects
113
1.1.
Venue
113
1.2.
Trans-Border Jurisdiction
115
1.3.
"Torpedo"
П7
2.
Contacting the Accused Infringer
118
2.1.
Warning Letter
(Abmahnung) 119
2.1.1.
Content of Warning Letter
119
2.1.2.
Unjustified Warning Letter
120
2.2.
Inquiry Letter
(Berechtigungsanfrage) 120
3.
Lawsuit on the Merits (First Instance)
121
3.1.
Overall Timeline
121
3.2.
Contents of the Complaint
123
3.2.1.
Rights and Requests
124
3.2.1.1.
Right to Prevent the Use of the Patent
124
3.2.1.2.
Right to Claim Damages
128
3.2.1.3.
Right to be Informed and Rendering of
Accounts
129
3.2.1.4.
Other Rights
130
3.2.2.
Information about the Subject Matter of the Case
131
3.3.
Defendant's Defense
133
3.3.1.
Factual Submissions
134
3.3.2.
Legal and Procedural Defenses
134
3.3.3.
Requests of the Defendant
138
3.4.
Further Briefs until the Main Hearing
138
3.5.
Hearing
139
3.6.
Outcome of the First Instance Proceedings
140
3.6.1.
Grant of the Action or Complete/Partial Dismissal
(Decision on the Merits)
140
3.6.2.
Suspension of the Proceedings
141
3.6.3.
Further Evidence Taking: Appointment of
a Court Expert
145
4.
Relief
147
4.1.
Appeal of First Instance Decisions
147
4.2.
Appeal of Appellate Decisions: Federal Supreme Court
148
5.
Enforcement Proceedings
149
5.1.
Provision of Security
149
5.2.
Motion for Temporary Suspension of Enforcement
149
5.3.
Compliance with Injunctive Relief
151
5.4.
Rendering of Accounts and Lawsuit Concerning the
Amount of Damages
151
5.5.
Reimbursement of Costs
153
6.
Particular Issues
153
6.1.
Declaratory Judgment Action
153
6.2.
Special Defense resulting from Antitrust Law
154
7.
Financial Aspects of Infringement Proceedings
156
7.1.
Litigation Value
156
7.2.
Court Fees
157
7.2.1.
Court Fees for the First Instance
157
7.2.2.
Court Fees for the Second Instance
158
7.2.3.
Costs for the Third Instance
158
7.3.
Provision of a Security for Defendant's Legal Costs
158
7.3.1.
Principle
158
7.3.2.
Amount of the Security
158
Chapter
9
Preliminary Injunction Proceedings
161
1.
Introduction
161
2.
Proper Court
161
5.
Basis for a Preliminary Injunction
3.1.
Claim on which the Injunction is Based
Verfügungsanspruch
3.2.
Particular Reasons for a Preliminary Injunction
Verfügungsgrund
3.2.1.
Urgency
3.2.2.
Other Interests Weighed
3.3.
Particular Situation: Trade Shows
Normal Course of Preliminary Injunction Proceedings
4.1.
Ex Parte
Proceedings
4.2.
Inter
Partes
Proceedings
Possible Reactions of the Accused Infringer
5.1.
Protective Brief
5.2.
Acceptance and Final Warning Notice
Chapter
10
Claim Construction and Infringement
1.
Claim Construction Procedure
2.
Claim Construction
2.1.
Aim of the Claim Construction
2.2.
Significance of the Claims
2.2.1.
Semantic Content
{Sinngehalt)
2.2.2.
Main Sources for the Claim Construction
2.2.2.1.
Definitions in the Description
2.2.2.2.
Examples and Preferred Embodiments
2.2.2.3.
Dependent Claims
2.2.2.4.
Indications of Purpose
2.2.2.5.
Numerical Indications
2.2.2.6.
Reference to the Prior Art
2.2.3.
Evidence Outside of the Patent Document
2.2.3.1.
General Expertise of the Skilled Person
2.2.3.2.
Inadmissibility of Prosecution File Estoppel
2.2.3.3.
Effects of Invalidation Proceedings on the
Claim Construction
3.
Identical And Equivalent Infringement
3.1.
Identical Infringement
3.2.
Doctrine of Equivalents
4.
Infringing Acts
4.1.
Direct infringement
4.1.1.
Products
4.1.2.
Processes
4.1.3.
Product-by-Process Claims
4.2.
Contributory infringement
5.
Exhaustion
5.1.
Putting onto the
EU
/ЕЕ
A Market
5.2.
Assertion of a Patent with Device Claim
162
162
164
164
164
166
167
167
169
170
170
171
173
173
175
175
176
176
177
178
178
179
179
179
180
180
180
181
181
182
182
183
185
185
186
188
189
190
192
192
193
5.3.
Assertion
of
a Patent
with a Method Claim
193
5.4.
Assertion
of
a Patent
Containing Apparatus and
Method Claims
194
5.5.
Limits to the Concept of Exhaustion of flights
(Maintenance versus Rebuilding)
194
Chapter
11
Discovery and Evidence Taking
197
1.
General Framework
197
1.1.
Introduction
197
1.2.
Burden of Proof and Duty of Presentation
198
2.
Historical Development
199
3.
Discovery Before Filing a Complaint
200
3.1.
Requirements
200
3.1.1.
"Sufficient Probability" of Patent Infringement
200
3.1.2.
Necessity and Principle of Proportionality
200
3.2.
Procedural Implementation of the Request
201
3.2.1.
General Outline
201
3.2.2.
Protection of the Defendant's Secrecy Interests
201
3.2.3.
Scope and Aim of the Request
203
4.
Discovery After Filing the Complaint
204
4.1.
Discovery according to §140c Patent Act
204
4.2.
Procedural Means
(§§142, 144
Code of Civil Procedure)
204
4.3.
Reports of Court-Appointed Experts
206
4.4.
Witnesses
207
5.
Privileges and Data Protection
207
5.1.
Attorney-Client-Privileges
207
5.2.
U.S. Disclosure Requests Implemented in Germany
208
5.2.1.
The Hague Convention on Evidence Taking
208
5.2.2.
Voluntary Depositions in Germany
210
5.2.3.
German Data Protection in the Light of US Discovery
210
5.2.4.
Protection of Communications with German
Representatives
212
Chapter
12
Damages
213
1.
General Remarks
213
2.
Reasonable Royalty
214
2.1.
Royalty Base
(Bezugsgröße) 214
2.2.
Royalty Rate
215
3.
Lost Profits of the Right Holder
216
4.
Profits Made by the Infringer
217
4.1.
Infringer'
s
Revenue
218
4.2.
Deductible Costs
218
4.3.
Share Factor
(Anteilsfaktor) 219
5.
Period for Which Damages are to be Paid
5.1.
Starting Point
5.1.1.
General
5.1.2.
Published Patent Applications
5.1.2.1.
Requirements
5.1.2.2.
"Compensation appropriate to the
circumstance"
5.2.
End of the Damages Calculation Period
Chapter
13
Inventorship and Ownership
1.
Inventorship
2.
Assignment of the Right to the Invention
3.
Co-Ownership of the Invention
4.
Correct Entitlement to the Invention
4.1.
Legal Fiction in Favor of the Applicant
4.2.
Legal Function of the Register
5.
Employee Inventions and the Act on Employees' Inventions
(ARBEG)
5.1.
Scope of Application of the ArbEG
5.1.1.
Material Scope of Application
5.1.2.
Personal Scope of Application
5.1.3.
Territorial Application
5.2.
Service Inventions and Free Inventions
5.3.
Duty to Report
5.4.
Acquisition of the Ownership of Service Inventions
5.5.
Obligations of Employer after Acquisition of the
Service Invention
5.5.1.
Protection of the Service Invention
5.5.2.
Agreements between Employer and Employee
5.6.
Employee's compensation
5.6.1.
Individual Agreements on the Compensation
5.6.2.
Calculation Methods
5.6.2.1.
Contribution factor (Directive,
№ 30)
5.6.2.2.
License Analogy
5.6.2.3.
Other Two Methods: Benefit to the
Employer Or the Invention's Value
5.7.
Resolution of Disputes
Chapter
14
Customs Actions
1.
Introduction
2.
Legal Framework
2.1. EU
Rules
2.2.
National Rules
220
220
220
221
222
223
223
227
227
228
229
230
230
231
231
232
232
232
233
233
235
236
238
238
240
240
240
241
242
242
243
244
245
245
247
247
248
3.
Application
Proceedings
249
3.1.
Content
of the Application
250
3.2.
Security
251
4.
Grant of the Application
252
5.
Ongoing Updates to Customs
252
6.
Detention Procedure
253
6.1.
Customs'Detection and Assessment of Goods
253
6.2.
Notification of Detention
254
6.3.
Measures after Notification of the Parties
255
6.3.1.
EU
Rules
255
6.3.1.1.
Simplified Destruction Procedure
255
6.3.1.2.
Regular Proceedings (Article
13
EC
Regulation)
256
6.3.1.3.
Possibility of Release of Detained Goods
(Article
14
EC Regulation)
256
6.3.2.
German Rules (§142a of the German Patent Act)
257
7.
Possible Liabilities
258
8.
Costs of the Proceedings
258
Chapter
15
Budgeting a Patent Enforcement Case
259
1.
Financial Aspects of German Patent Litigation
259
2.
Infringement Proceedings
260
2.1.
Costs of the Party's own Legal Representative
260
2.1.1.
Billing on an Hourly Basis
260
2.1.2.
Billing According to the Statutory Fee Act
(First Instance)
261
2.1.3.
Billing According to the Statutory Fee Act
(2nd
Instance)
261
2.1.4.
Costs for the
3rd
Instance
262
2.2.
Cost Increasing Factors
262
3.
Costs for Nullity Proceedings
262
3.1.
Average Costs for Legal Representatives
262
3.2.
Cost Increasing Factors
263
3.3.
Opposition Proceedings before
ЕРО
263
4.
Reimbursement
264
4.1.
Proceedings before the Infringement Courts
264
4.2.
Invalidation Proceedings
264
4.2.1.
ЕРО
Opposition
264
4.2.2.
German Invalidation Proceedings
(1st
and
2nd
Instance)
264
5.
Risk Assessment: Infringement Plus Invalidation
Proceedings
264
Chapter
16
Samples
1.
Warning Letter
1.1.
Body of the Warning Letter
1.2.
Undertaking of Cease and Desist
2.
Inquiry Letter
3.
Complaint Brief (Infringement Action)
4.
Settlement Agreement
5.
Request for a Preliminary Injunction
6.
Protective Brief
7.
Bank Guarantee
Chapter
17
Legal Texts
1.
Excerpts of the EPC
2.
Chapter V
—
Biotechnological Inventions
3.
Excerpts of the German Patent Act
4.
Utility Model Act
5.
Act on Employee's Inventions
6.
Council Regulation (EC) No
1383/2003
of
22
July
2003
Concerning Customs Action Against Goods Suspected
of Infringing Certain Intellectual Property Rights and the
Measures to be Taken Against Goods Found to have
Infringed Such Rights
Chapter
18
Key Differences between U.S. and European Patent Laws
1.
First-to-File Versus First-to-Invent
2.
Grace Period
3.
Confidential Sales as Prior Art (The "On-Sale Bar")
4.
Best Mode Requirement
5.
Patent Term
6.
Duty to Disclose
7.
Inequitable Conduct Defenses
8.
Prosecution File Estoppel
9.
Reissue Versus Limitation Proceedings
10.
Opposition Versus Reexamination
11.
Jury Trial Versus Bench Trial
12.
Infringement and Validity Proceedings
13.
Discovery
14.
Enhanced/Multiple Damages
15.
Patent Marking
16.
Injunctions
267
267
268
271
273
275
281
284
289
292
293
293
306
308
329
342
348
361
361
361
362
362
362
363
363
363
363
364
364
364
364
365
365
365
Index
367 |
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| id | DE-604.BV039655054 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:36:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789041131645 9041131647 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Harguth, Alexander Verfasser (DE-588)1038742099 aut Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook Alexander Harguth with Steven Carlson Alphen aan den Rijn [u.a.] Kluwer Law International 2011 XXIV, 376 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Patent laws and legislation / Germany Patent laws and legislation / Europe Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland Europa Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 s DE-604 Carlson, Steven Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Augsburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024504626&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Harguth, Alexander Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Patent laws and legislation / Germany Patent laws and legislation / Europe Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4044884-8 (DE-588)4011882-4 |
| title | Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook |
| title_auth | Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook |
| title_exact_search | Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook |
| title_full | Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook Alexander Harguth with Steven Carlson |
| title_fullStr | Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook Alexander Harguth with Steven Carlson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patents in Germany and Europe procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook Alexander Harguth with Steven Carlson |
| title_short | Patents in Germany and Europe |
| title_sort | patents in germany and europe procurement enforcement and defense an international handbook |
| title_sub | procurement, enforcement and defense ; an international handbook |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Patent laws and legislation / Germany Patent laws and legislation / Europe Patentrecht (DE-588)4044884-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Patent laws and legislation / Germany Patent laws and legislation / Europe Patentrecht Deutschland Europa |
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