Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment: integration of adsorption and biological treatment
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| Sprache: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2012
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| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 388 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 240 mm x 170 mm |
| ISBN: | 3527324712 9783527324712 9783527639441 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment |b integration of adsorption and biological treatment |c Ferhan Çeçen and Özgür Aktaş |
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IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE XVII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT XXVII
1 WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ACTIVATED
CARBON ADSORPTION AND ITS INTEGRATION WITH BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 1 FERHAN
CECEN 1.1 HISTORICAL APPRAISAL OF ACTIVATED CARBON 1 1.2 GENERAL USE OF
ACTIVATED CARBON 3 1.3 APPLICATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION 4
1.3.1 ACTIVATED CARBON IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 4 1.3.2 ACTIVATED
CARBON IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 5 1.3.2.1 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
6 1.3.2.2 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT 6 1.3.3 APPLICATIONS OF
ACTIVATED CARBON IN OTHER
ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA 7 1.3.3.1 REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER
AND SOIL 7 1.3.3.2 TREATMENT OF FLUE GASES 7 1.3.3.3 WATER PREPARATION
FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES 7 1.3.4 INTEGRATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON
ADSORPTION WITH
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN WASTEWATER AND WATER TREATMENT 7 1.3.4.1
WASTEWATER TREATMENT 7 1.3.4.2 WATER TREATMENT 8
1.3.5 IMPROVED CONTROL OF POLLUTANTS THROUGH INTEGRATED ADSORPTION AND
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 8
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1011200147
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
IMAGE 2
VI I CONTENTS
2 FUNDAMENTALS OF ADSORPTION ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON IN WATER AND
WASTEWATER TREATMENT 13 OEZGUER AKTAF AND FERHAN CECEN 2.1 ACTIVATED
CARBON 13
2.1.1 PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBONS 13 2.1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF
ACTIVATED CARBON 14 2.1.3 ACTIVATED CARBON TYPES 15 2.1.3.1 POWDERED
ACTIVATED CARBON (PAC) 15 2.1.3.2 GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC) 16 2.2
ADSORPTION 16
2.2.1 TYPES OF ADSORPTION 16 2.2.2 FACTORS INFLUENCING ADSORPTION 18
2.2.2.1 SURFACE AREA OF ADSORBENT 18 2.2.2.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ADSORBATE 18 2.2.2.3 PH 19
2.2.2.4 TEMPERATURE 20 2.2.2.5 POROSITY OF THE ADSORBENT 20 2.2.2.6
CHEMICAL SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS 21 2.2.3 KINETICS OF ADSORPTION 22
2.2.3.1 TRANSPORT MECHANISMS 22 2.2.4 ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM AND
ISOTHERMS 24 2.2.5 SINGLE- AND MULTISOLUTE ADSORPTION 27 2.2.5.1 SINGLE
SOLUTE ADSORPTION 27 2.2.5.2 MULTISOLUTE ADSORPTION 28 2.3 ACTIVATED
CARBON REACTORS IN WATER AND WASTEWATER
TREATMENT 30
2.3.1 PAC ADSORBERS 30 2.3.2 GAC ADSORBERS 30 2.3.2.1 PURPOSE OF USE 30
2.3.2.2 TYPES OF GAC ADSORBERS 30
2.3.2.3 OPERATION OF GAC ADSORBERS 31 2.3.2.4 BREAKTHROUGH CURVES 34 2.4
ACTIVATED CARBON REGENERATION AND REACTIVATION 37
3 INTEGRATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT 43 FERHAN CECEN AND OEZGUER AKTAF 3.1 SECONDARY AND
TERTIARY TREATMENT: PROGRESSION FROM
SEPARATE BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL AND ADSORPTION TO INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 43
3.1.1 ACTIVATED CARBON IN SECONDARY TREATMENT 46 3.1.1.1 PAC 46 3.1.1.2
GAC 46 3.1.2 ACTIVATED CARBON IN TERTIARY TREATMENT 46
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS I VII
3.1.2.1 PAC 46
3.1.2.2 GAC 47 3.2 FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS IN INTEGRATED ADSORPTION AND
BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL 47 3.2.1 MAIN REMOVAL MECHANISMS FOR ORGANIC
SUBSTRATES 47 3.2.1.1 BIODEGRADATION/BIOTRANSFORMATION 48 3.2.1.2
SORPTION ONTO SLUDGE 52 3.2.1.3 SORPTION ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON 53
3.2.1.4 ABIOTIC DEGRADATION/REMOVAL 53 3.2.2 MAIN INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
ORGANIC SUBSTRATES, BIOMASS, AND
ACTIVATED CARBON 54 3.2.2.1 RETENTION OF SLOWLY BIODEGRADABLE AND
NONBIODEGRADABLE ORGANICS ON THE SURFACE OF ACTIVATED CARBON 56 3.2.2.2
RETENTION OF TOXIC AND INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES ON THE SURFACE
OF ACTIVATED CARBON 56 3.2.2.3 CONCENTRATION OF SUBSTRATES ON THE
SURFACE OF ACTIVATED CARBON 58 3.2.2.4 RETENTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS (VOCS) ON THE
SURFACE OF ACTIVATED CARBON 58 3.2.2.5 ATTACHMENT AND GROWTH OF
MICROORGANISMS ON THE SURFACE OF ACTIVATED CARBON 59 3.2.2.6 BIOLOGICAL
REGENERATION (BIOREGENERATION) OF ACTIVATED
CARBON 59
3.2.3 BEHAVIOR AND REMOVAL OF SUBSTRATES IN DEPENDENCE OF THEIR
PROPERTIES 59 3.3 INTEGRATION OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC) INTO
BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT 59 3.3.1 POSITIONING OF GAC REACTORS IN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT 59 3.3.2 RECOGNITION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN GAC
REACTORS 63 3.3.3 CONVERSION OF GAC INTO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED CARBON
(BAC) 64 3.3.3.1 REMOVAL MECHANISMS AND BIOFILM FORMATION IN BAC
OPERATION 65
3.3.3.2 ADVANTAGES OF BAC OVER GAC OPERATION 66 3.3.3.3 ADVANTAGES OF
THE BAC PROCESS COMPARED TO OTHER ATTACHED-GROWTH PROCESSES 66 3.3.4
MAIN PROCESSES IN BAC REACTORS 66 3.3.5 TYPES OF GAC REACTORS WITH
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY (BAC
REACTORS) 67
3.3.5.1 FIXED-BED BAC REACTORS 67 3.3.5.2 EXPANDED- AND FLUIDIZED-BED
BAC REACTORS 68 3.4 INTEGRATION OF POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON (PAC) INTO
BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT 69
3.4.1 SINGLE-STAGE CONTINUOUS-FLOW AEROBIC PACT PROCESS 70 3.4.1.1
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACT PROCESS 70 3.4.1.2 BASIC FEATURES OF THE
ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS 70
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
3.4.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACT PROCESS 71
3.4.1.4 PROCESS PARAMETERS IN PACT OPERATION 72 3.4.2 SEQUENCING BATCH
PACT REACTORS 73 3.4.3 ANAEROBIC PACT PROCESS 74 3.5 BIOMEMBRANE
OPERATION ASSISTED BY PAC AND GAC 74
3.5.1 MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS (MBRS) 74 3.5.2 THE PAC-MBR PROCESS 75 3.5.3
MEMBRANE-ASSISTED BIOLOGICAL GAC FILTRATION - THE BIOMAC PROCESS 76
3.6 OBSERVED BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 76 3.6.1 ENHANCEMENT OF
ORGANIC CARBON REMOVAL BY ACTIVATED CARBON 78 3.6.2 ENHANCEMENT OF
NITRIFICATION BY ACTIVATED CARBON 78
3.6.2.1 INHIBITION OF NITRIFICATION 79 3.6.2.2 NITRIFICATION IN THE
PRESENCE OF PAC 79 3.6.3 ENHANCEMENT OF DENITRIFICATION BY ACTIVATED
CARBON 80 3.6.4 EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADDITION ON INORGANIC SPECIES
80 3.6.5 ENHANCING EFFECTS OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN ANAEROBIC
TREATMENT 81
3.6.6 PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL SLUDGE IN THE PRESENCE OF ACTIVATED
CARBON 81 3.6.6.1 IMPROVEMENT OF SLUDGE SETTLING AND THICKENING 81
3.6.6.2 IMPROVEMENT IN THE DEWATERABILITY OF SLUDGE 82 3.6.7 EFFECT OF
PAC ON MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS (MBRS) 82 3.6.7.1 IMPORTANCE OF MICROBIAL
PRODUCTS 82 3.6.7.2 EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CARBON ON MICROBIAL PRODUCTS 83
3.6.7.3 EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CARBON ON MEMBRANE FILTRATION 85
3.7 REGENERATION OF PACT AND BAC SLUDGES 86
4 EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CARBON ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC
POLLUTANTS AND WASTEWATERS: LABORATORY- AND PILOT-SCALE STUDIES 95 OEZGUER
AKTAF AND FERHAN CECEN 4.1 TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS 95
4.1.1 PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATERS 95 4.1.2 PAPER AND PULP WASTEWATERS 97
4.1.3 PETROLEUM REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATERS 98 4.1.4 TEXTILE
WASTEWATERS 99
4.1.5 OTHER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS 100 4.2 REMOVAL OF SPECIFIC CHEMICALS
104 4.2.1 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS) 104 4.2.2 PHENOLS 106
4.2.3 PHARMACEUTICALS AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS (EDCS) 109
4.2.4 PESTICIDES AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS) 109
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS IX
4.2.5 PRIORITY POLLUTANTS 109
4.2.6 DYES 110
4.2.7 ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SECONDARY SEWAGE EFFLUENTS 111 4.2.8 OTHER
CHEMICALS 112 4.3 LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT 113 4.3.1 LEACHATE
TREATMENT IN PAC-ADDED ACTIVATED SLUDGE
SYSTEMS 114
4.3.2 LEACHATE TREATMENT USING THE PAC-MBR PROCESS 118 4.3.3 LEACHATE
TREATMENT IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED CARBON (BAC) MEDIA 118
5 COMBINATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON WITH BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
AT FULL SCALE 127 OEZGUER AFETOJ AND FERHAN CECEN 5.1 FULL-SCALE PACT
SYSTEMS 127 5.1.1 FULL-SCALE PACT FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS 128 5.1.1.1
ORGANIC CHEMICALS PRODUCTION INDUSTRY 128 5.1.1.2 SYNTHETIC FIBER
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 130 5.1.1.3 PROPYLENE OXIDE/STYRENE MONOMER
(PO/SM) PRODUCTION
WASTEWATER 130
5.1.1.4 REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATERS 131 5.1.1.5 TREATMENT OF
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS 134 5.1.1.6 TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATERS
135
5.1.2 PACT FOR CO-TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS 136
5.1.3 PACT FOR LANDFILL LEACHATES 136 5.1.4 PACT FOR CONTAMINATED
GROUNDWATERS 138 5.1.5 PACT FOR REUSE OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATERS 139 5.1.6
PACT FOR CONTAMINATED SURFACE RUNOFF WATERS 139 5.2 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED
CARBON (BAC) FILTRATION AT FULL
SCALE 140
5.2.1 BAC FILTRATION FOR REUSE PURPOSES 140 5.2.1.1 TREATMENT OF SEWAGE
FOR REUSE IN AGRICULTURE 140 5.2.1.2 RECLAMATION OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
FOR DRINKING PURPOSES 140
5.2.1.3 RECLAMATION OF DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS FOR
NONPOTABLE USES 141
6 MODELING THE INTEGRATION OF ADSORPTION WITH BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT 145 FERHAN CECEN 6.1 MODELING OF GAC ADSORBERS WITH
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY 145
6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 145 6.1.2 FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES AROUND A CARBON
PARTICLE SURROUNDED BY A BIOFILM 146
IMAGE 6
X I CONTENTS
6.1.3 BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL:
LINK TO FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES 155 6.1.4 MODELING APPROACHES IN GAC/BAC
REACTORS 158 6.1.4.1 MASS BALANCES IN GAC/BAC REACTORS 158 6.1.4.2
CHARACTERIZATION OF BAC REACTORS BY DIMENSIONLESS
NUMBERS 164
6.1.5 PREVALENT MODELS IN BAC REACTORS INVOLVING ADSORPTION AND
BIODEGRADATION 173 6.1.5.1 INITIAL STEPS IN MODELING: RECOGNIZING THE
BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 173 6.1.5.2 CONSIDERATION OF SUBSTRATE
REMOVAL AND BIOFILM FORMATION 173 6.1.5.3 INTEGRATION OF ADSORPTION INTO
MODELS 174 6.1.5.4 MODELING IN THE CASE OF HIGH SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATIONS
175 6.1.5.5 MODELING THE CASE OF VERY LOW SUBSTRATE (FASTING)
CONDITIONS 176
6.1.5.6 MODELING THE STEP INPUT OF SUBSTRATE IN A THREE-PHASE
FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR 177 6.1.5.7 CONSIDERATION OF CARBON PROPERTIES IN
MODELING 177 6.2 MODELING OF THE PACT PROCESS 178 6.2.1 MASS BALANCES IN
THE PACT PROCESS 178 6.2.2 MASS BALANCE FOR PAC IN THE PACT PROCESS 178
6.2.2.1 DETERMINATION OF BIOMASS OR CARBON CONCENTRATION IN A
PACT SLUDGE 180
6.2.3 MODELS DESCRIBING SUBSTRATE REMOVAL IN THE PACT PROCESS 181
7 BIOREGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 189 OEZGUER
AKTAF AND FERHAN CECEN 7.1 MECHANISMS OF BIOREGENERATION 189
7.1.1 BIOREGENERATION DUE TO CONCENTRATION GRADIENT 189 7.1.2
BIOREGENERATION DUE TO EXOENZYMATIC REACTIONS 191 7.1.3 BIOREGENERATION
DUE TO ACCLIMATION OF BIOMASS 193 7.2 OFFLINE BIOREGENERATION 194 7.3
CONCURRENT (SIMULTANEOUS) BIOREGENERATION IN PACT AND
BAC SYSTEMS 195
7.4 DEPENDENCE OF BIOREGENERATION ON THE REVERSIBILITY OF ADSORPTION 195
7.5 OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING BIOREGENERATION 198 7.5.1 BIODEGRADABILITY
199 7.5.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE 200 7.5.3 CARBON PARTICLE
SIZE 200 7.5.4 CARBON POROSITY 201
7.5.5 CARBON ACTIVATION TYPE 202 7.5.6 PHYSICAL SURFACE PROPERTIES OF
CARBON 202
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS \ XI
7.5.7 DESORPTION KINETICS 203
7.5.8 SUBSTRATE-CARBON CONTACT TIME 203 7.5.9 CONCENTRATION GRADIENT AND
CARBON SATURATION 204 7.5.10 BIOMASS CONCENTRATION 205
7.5.11 DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION 206 7.5.12 MICROORGANISM TYPE 206
7.5.13 SUBSTRATE AND BIOMASS ASSOCIATED PRODUCTS OF BIODEGRADATION 207
7.5.14 PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE SUBSTRATES 208 7.6 DETERMINATION OF
BIOREGENERATION 209 7.6.1 INVESTIGATION OF THE EXTENT OF REVERSIBLE
ADSORPTION 211 7.6.2 USE OF ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS 211 7.6.3 DIRECT
MEASUREMENT BY USING ADSORPTION CAPACITIES 213 7.6.4 DIRECT MEASUREMENT
BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION 213 7.6.5 QUANTIFICATION OF BIOREGENERATION IN
SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION-
BIODEGRADATION 213 7.6.6 MEASUREMENT OF BIODEGRADATION PRODUCTS 214
7.6.7 USE OF RESPIROMETRY IN AEROBIC SYSTEMS 215 7.6.8 INVESTIGATION BY
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) 216 7.7 BIOREGENERATION IN
ANAEROBIC/ANOXIE SYSTEMS 216 7.8 MODELS INVOLVING BIOREGENERATION OF
ACTIVATED
CARBON 217
7.8.1 MODELING OF BIOREGENERATION IN CONCURRENT ADSORPTION AND
BIODEGRADATION 218 7.8.2 MODELING OF BIOREGENERATION IN SINGLE SOLUTE
SYSTEMS 220 7.8.3 MODELING OF BIOREGENERATION IN MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS
225 7.8.4 MODELING OF OFFLINE BIOREGENERATION 228 7.8.5 MODELING THE
KINETICS OF BIOREGENERATION 228
8 COMBINATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN
DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 237 FERHAN CECEN 8.1 INTRODUCTION 237
8.2 RATIONALE FOR INTRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN WATER
TREATMENT 238 8.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER TREATMENT 238
8.3.1 EXPRESSION AND FRACTIONATION OF ORGANIC MATTER 239
8.3.1.1 EXPRESSION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN TERMS OF ORGANIC CARBON 239
8.3.1.2 MEASUREMENT OF THE BIODEGRADABLE FRACTION IN NOM 239 8.3.1.3
NONBIODEGRADABLE DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (NON-BDOC OR NBDOC) 243
8.3.1.4 FRACTIONATION OF NOM IN TERMS OF MOLECULAR SIZE AND CHEMICAL
BEHAVIOR 243 8.4 REMOVAL OF NOM IN CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT 244
IMAGE 8
XII I CONTENTS
8.4.1 RATIONALE FOR NOM REMOVAL 244
8.4.2 EXTENT OF NOM REMOVAL 245 8.5 USE OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN WATER
TREATMENT 246 8.5.1 POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON (PAC) ADDITION 246 8.5.2
GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC) FILTRATION 247 8.6 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED
CARBON (BAC) FILTRATION 247 8.6.1 HISTORY OF BAC FILTRATION IN WATER
TREATMENT 247
8.6.2 COMBINATION OF OZONATION AND BAC FILTRATION 249 8.6.3 CURRENT USE
OF BAC FILTRATION IN WATER TREATMENT 249 8.7 ADSORPTION AND
BIODEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER 250
8.7.1 RAW WATER NOM 250 8.7.2 IMPACT OF OZONATION ON NOM CHARACTERISTICS
250 8.7.2.1 INCREASE IN THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF NOM 251 8.7.2.2 CHANGE
IN THE ADSORBABILITY OF NOM 255 8.7.3 DETERMINATION OF ADSORPTION AND
BIODEGRADATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER 255
9 REMOVAL OF NOM, NUTRIENTS, AND MICROPOLLUTANTS IN BAC FILTRATION 265
FERHAN CECEN 9.1 REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER 265 9.1.1 MAIN MECHANISMS 265
9.1.2 BREAKTHROUGH CURVES 265 9.1.2.1 INITIAL STAGE OF OPERATION:
REMOVAL BY ADSORPTION 265 9.1.2.2 INTERMEDIATE AND LATER STAGES OF
OPERATION 266 9.1.3 BIOREGENERATION OF BAC FILTERS 272 9.2 FACTORS
AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BAC FILTRATION 273 9.2.1 COMPARISON OF GAC
WITH OTHER MEDIA 273 9.2.1.1 BIOMASS ATTACHMENT 273 9.2.1.2 REMOVAL
PERFORMANCE 273 9.2.2 IMPORTANCE OF GAC GRADE 274 9.2.2.1 COAL- AND
WOOD-BASED GAC 274 92.1.1 GAC ACTIVATION 274 9.2.3 EMPTY BED CONTACT
TIME (EBCT) AND HYDRAULIC LOADING RATE
(HLR) 274
9.2.4 FILTER BACKWASHING 276 9.2.5 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE 276 9.2.6
EFFECT OF OXIDANT RESIDUALS 277 9.3 PERFORMANCE OF BAC FILTERS: ORGANICS
REMOVAL 277 9.4 PERFORMANCE OF BAC FILTERS: NUTRIENT REMOVAL 285 9.4.1
NITRIFICATION IN BAC FILTERS 285 9.4.1.1 IMPORTANCE OF AMMONIA REMOVAL
285
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS XIII
9.4.1.2 FACTORS AFFECTING NITRIFICATION IN BAC FILTERS 285
9.4.2 DENITRIFICATION IN BAC FILTERS 286 9.5 REMOVAL OF MICROPOLLUTANTS
FROM DRINKING WATER IN BAC SYSTEMS 288 9.5.1 OCCURRENCE OF ORGANIC
MICROPOLLUTANTS IN WATER 288 9.5.2 COMPETITION BETWEEN BACKGROUND NOM
AND ORGANIC
MICROPOLLUTANTS 288 9.5.3 ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS ONTO
PRELOADED GAC 290 9.5.4 EFFECT OF GAC CHARACTERISTICS ON ADSORPTION 290
9.5.5 ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANT
GROUPS IN BAC FILTRATION 291 9.5.5.1 PESTICIDES 291 9.5.5.2
PHARMACEUTICALS AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS (EDCS) 291 9.5.5.3
GEOSMIN AND MIB 292
9.5.5.4 MICROCYSTINS (TOXIC ALGAL METABOLITES) 293 9.5.5.5 OTHER ORGANIC
MICROPOLLUTANTS 294 9.5.6 REMOVAL OF PRECURSORS AND DISINFECTION
BY-PRODUCTS (DBPS) IN BAC FILTRATION 294 9.5.6.1 REMOVAL OF DBP
PRECURCORS IN BAC FILTERS 295 9.5.6.2 REMOVAL OF TRIHALOMETHANES (THMS)
AND HALOACETIC ACIDS
(HAAS) IN BAC FILTERS 297 9.6 REMOVAL OF IONIC POLLUTANTS IN BAC
FILTRATION 298 9.6.1 NITRATE REMOVAL 298 9.6.2 BROMATE REMOVAL 298 9.6.3
PERCHLORATE REMOVAL 301 9.7 INTEGRATION OF PAC AND GAC INTO BIOLOGICAL
MEMBRANE
OPERATIONS 302
9.7.1 EFFECT OF PAC ON MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS 302 9.7.1 BAC FILTRATION
PRECEDING MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR OPERATION 303 9.8 INTEGRATION OF GAC INTO
GROUNDWATER BIOREMEDIATION 303
9.9 BIOMASS CHARACTERISTICS IN BAC FILTRATION 304 9.9.1 MICROBIAL
ECOLOGY OF BAC FILTERS 304 9.9.2 CONTROL OF BIOFILM GROWTH IN BAC
FILTERS 305 9.9.3 DETERMINATION OF BIOMASS AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN BAC
FILTERS 305
9.9.4 DETERMINATION OF MICROORGANISMS BY CLASSICAL AND MOLECULAR
MICROBIOLOGY METHODS 306 9.9.4.1 HETEROTROPHIC BIOMASS AND ACTIVITY IN
BAC FILTERS 306 9.9.4.2 NITRIFYING BIOMASS AND ACTIVITY IN BAC FILTERS
308 9.9.5 MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF FINISHED WATER 309
IMAGE 10
XIV CONTENTS
10 BAC FILTRATION EXAMPLES IN FULL-SCALE DRINKING WATER
TREATMENT PLANTS 319 FERHAN CECEN 10.1 LIMITS FOR BDOC AND AOC AS
INDICATORS OF RE-GROWTH POTENTIAL IN WATER DISTRIBUTION 319 10.2 BAC
FILTRATION EXPERIENCES IN FULL-SCALE SURFACE WATER
TREATMENT 320
10.2.1 MUELHEIM PLANTS, GERMANY 320 10.2.2 LEIDEN PLANT, AMSTERDAM, THE
NETHERLANDS 320 10.2.3 PLANTS IN THE SUBURBS OF PARIS, FRANCE 322
10.2.4 STE ROSE PLANT IN QUEBEC, CANADA 323 10.2.5 PLANT IN
ZUERICH-LENGG, SWITZERLAND 323 10.2.6 WEESPERKARSPEL PLANT, AMSTERDAM,
THE NETHERLANDS 324 10.2.7 DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS, BENDIGO,
CASTLEMAINE, AND
KYNETON, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA 326 10.3 NEW APPROACHES IN THE EVALUATION
OF OZONATION AND BAC FILTRATION 327 10.4 BAC FILTRATION EXPERIENCES IN
FULL-SCALE GROUNDWATER
TREATMENT 327
11 REVIEW OF BAC FILTRATION MODELING IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 331
FERHAN CECEN
11.1 SUBSTRATE REMOVAL AND BIOFILM FORMATION 331 11.2 MODELING OF BAC
FILTRATION 333 11.2.1 MODELS EMPHASIZING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN
BIOFILTERS 334 11.2.1.1 INITIAL MODELS IN BIOFILTRATION 334 11.2.1.2 THE
CHABROL MODEL 335 11.2.1.3 UHL'S MODEL 335 11.2.1.4 THE MODEL OF WANG
AND SUMMERS 337 11.2.1.5 THE DIMENSIONLESS EMPTY-BED CONTACT TIME
CONCEPT 338
11.2.1.6 THE BIOFILT MODEL 339 11.2.1.7 CONSIDERATION OF MULTIPLE
SPECIES INSIDE DRINKING WATER BIOFILTERS 341 11.2.2 MODELS INTEGRATING
ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 342
11.2.2.1 INITIAL MODELS 342 11.2.2.2 MODELS INVOLVING ADSORPTION,
BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT, AND BIODEGRADATION 343 11.2.3 MODELS DESCRIBING THE
REMOVAL OF MICROPOLLUTANTS 346 11.2.3.1 PESTICIDES/HERBICIDES REMOVAL
346
11.2.3.2 PERCHLORATE REMOVAL 347
IMAGE 11
CONTENTS XV
11.2.3.3 MICROCYSTIN REMOVAL 348
11.2.3.4 THM REMOVAL 348
12 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK 353 FERHAN CECEN AND OEZGUER
AKTAS 12.1 OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS IN WASTEWATER AND WATER TREATMENT:
PACT AND BAC SYSTEMS 353 12.2 FURTHER RESEARCH ON REMOVAL MECHANISMS AND
MICROPOLLUTANT ELIMINATION 355 12.2.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT 355 12.2.2
DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 358 12.3 FURTHER RESEARCH ON REGENERATION OF
ACTIVATED
CARBON 360
12.3.1 IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON GRADE 360 12.3.2 BIOREGENERATION
OF ACTIVATED CARBON 361 12.3.2.1 DISCUSSION OF THE TERM
'BIOREGENERATION' AND HYPOTHESES 361 12.3.2.2 BIOREGENERATION OF
ACTIVATED CARBON IN THE CASE OF
MICROPOLLUTANTS 362 12.3.2.3 BIOREGENERATION CONDITIONS 362 12.3.2.4
BIOREGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 363
12.3.3 PHYSICOCHEMICAL REGENERATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED
CARBON 363
INDEX 365 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
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| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 628 - Sanitary engineering |
| dewey-raw | 628.3 |
| dewey-search | 628.3 |
| dewey-sort | 3628.3 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Allgemeines Bauingenieurwesen |
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| id | DE-604.BV039640941 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-21T00:12:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3527324712 9783527324712 9783527639441 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024490845 |
| oclc_num | 756900594 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-634 DE-83 DE-703 DE-92 |
| owner_facet | DE-634 DE-83 DE-703 DE-92 |
| physical | XXVIII, 388 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 240 mm x 170 mm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment Ferhan Çeçen and Özgür Aktaş Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2012 XXVIII, 388 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 240 mm x 170 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aktivkohle (DE-588)4000977-4 gnd rswk-swf Wasseraufbereitung (DE-588)4064698-1 gnd rswk-swf Abwasserreinigung (DE-588)4000313-9 gnd rswk-swf Aktivkohle (DE-588)4000977-4 s Abwasserreinigung (DE-588)4000313-9 s Wasseraufbereitung (DE-588)4064698-1 s DE-604 Çeçen, Ferhan Sonstige oth Aktaş, Özgür Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-527-63945-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, MOBI 978-3-527-63947-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-527-63946-5 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3718053&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024490845&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment Aktivkohle (DE-588)4000977-4 gnd Wasseraufbereitung (DE-588)4064698-1 gnd Abwasserreinigung (DE-588)4000313-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000977-4 (DE-588)4064698-1 (DE-588)4000313-9 |
| title | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment |
| title_auth | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment |
| title_exact_search | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment |
| title_full | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment Ferhan Çeçen and Özgür Aktaş |
| title_fullStr | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment Ferhan Çeçen and Özgür Aktaş |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment Ferhan Çeçen and Özgür Aktaş |
| title_short | Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment |
| title_sort | activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment integration of adsorption and biological treatment |
| title_sub | integration of adsorption and biological treatment |
| topic | Aktivkohle (DE-588)4000977-4 gnd Wasseraufbereitung (DE-588)4064698-1 gnd Abwasserreinigung (DE-588)4000313-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aktivkohle Wasseraufbereitung Abwasserreinigung |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3718053&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024490845&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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