Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Alphen aan den Rijn
Kluwer Law International
c2011
Frederick, MD Aspen Publishers [distributor] |
| Schriftenreihe: | Energy and environmental law & policy series
18 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. [279]-309) and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 321 S. |
| ISBN: | 9041134077 9789041134073 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law |c Kim Talus |
| 264 | 1 | |a Alphen aan den Rijn |b Kluwer Law International |c c2011 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Frederick, MD |b Aspen Publishers [distributor] | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 321 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Energy and environmental law & policy series |v 18 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. [279]-309) and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural gas |x Law and legislation |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Antitrust law |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Contracts |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural gas |x Transportation |x Law and legislation |z European Union countries | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148492888702976 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table
of
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgements
xi
Foreword
xiii
Introduction
1
1.1. Objective of This Study
1
1.2.
EU
Energy Law: Differences in Natural Gas and Electricity
3
1.3.
Key Definitions
6
1.4.
Structure
7
Chapter
1
EU
Natural Gas Markets and
Long-Term
Contracting:
An Overview of Economic and Political Aspects
9
1.1.
Natural Gas Supply to
EU:
Contractual and Political Factors
9
1.2.
Long-Term
Contracts in Natural Gas Markets
10
1.2.1.
Long-Term
Take-or-Pay Contracts in Europe
11
1.2.2.
Current Market Imperfections
15
1.3.
Legal Relations with Key Natural Gas-Supplying Countries
17
1.3.1.
Russia
18
1.3.1.1.
Bilateral Cooperation
20
1.3.1.2.
The Energy Charter Treaty
23
1.3.2.
Algeria
25
1.3.3.
Norway
27
1.3.4.
Caspian Region
28
1.4.
Concluding Remarks
31
Table
of Contents
Chapter
2
Security of Supply in the European Union
33
2.1.
Introduction
33
2.2.
EU
Energy Security Discussion in the New Millennium
34
2.3.
Energy Security in the Context of
EU
Energy Policy Objectives
36
2.3.1.
Competitiveness and Security of Supply
37
2.3.2.
Sustainability and Security of Supply
40
2.4.
Elements of Security of Supply
41
2.5.
Definitions of Security of Supply
45
2.6.
Security of Supply in the Case Law of the ECJ
51
2.7.
Threats to the
EU
Security of Supply
60
2.7.1.
External Security of Supply: Insecurity of Gas Sources
60
2.7.1.1.
Reserve Depletion
60
2.7.1.2.
Investment in Gas Fields
63
2.7.1.3.
Insufficient Diversification
64
2.7.2.
Internal Security of Supply: Sufficient Investment
65
2.8.
Concluding Remarks
69
Chapter
3
Key
EU Gas
Market Regulation Relating to
Long-Term
Contracting
71
3.1.
Introduction
72
3.2.
Relationship between General Competition Laws and Sector-Specific
Energy Regulation
73
3.2.1.
The Relationship: Possible Approaches
74
3.2.2.
The Case Law
78
3.2.3.
Application of the Two Regimes
81
3.3.
Third-Party Access to Gas Pipelines: The General Regulatory
Regime
83
3.3.1.
Regulatory Framework for
TPA
85
3.3.1.1.
TPA
in the Natural Gas Market Directives: From
Negotiation to Regulation
87
3.3.1.2.
The Access Regulation
90
3.3.1.2.1.
Regulated Tariffs
92
3.3.1.2.2.
Principles of Capacity Allocation
Mechanisms and Congestion
Management Procedures
93
3.3.1.3.
Continuing Relevance of Article
32(1) 95
3.3.2.
Access Regimes and Merchant Infrastructure
102
3.3.2.1.
An Overview of the Conditions
103
3.4.
Unbundling
112
3.4.1.
Introduction
П2
3.4.2.
Status Quo: From Account Unbundling to Legal
Unbundling and Beyond
113
3.4.3.
Unbundling in the Third Legislative Package
115
3.4.4.
The Third Country Clause
П8
VI
Table
of Contents
3.5.
Long-Term
Commodity Contracts and Sector-Specific Regulation
119
3.5.1.
Take-or-Pay Agreements
120
3.6.
Concluding Remarks
123
Chapter
4
The Application of
EU
Competition Law in Natural Gas Markets:
Background and Developments
125
4.1.
Introduction
126
4.2.
An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Vertical Restraints
127
4.2.1.
Why Are Certain Vertical Restraints Prohibited While
Others Are Permitted?
129
4.2.1.1.
Negative Effects of Vertical Agreements
130
4.2.1.2.
Positive Effects of Vertical Agreements
131
4.3.
The Application of
EU
Law to Vertical Agreements
132
4.4.
Article
102
TFEU: Some General Remarks
134
4.4.1.
Establishing Dominance
135
4.4.2.
Abuse of Dominant Position
136
4.5.
Defining
EU
Natural Gas Markets under
EU
Competition Law
140
4.5.1.
Relevant Product Markets
141
4.5.1.1.
Upstream Markets
142
4.5.1.2.
Downstream Markets
143
4.5.1.2.1.
Infrastructure Markets
143
4.5.1.2.2.
Sales
144
4.5.2.
The Relevant Geographical Market
145
4.6.
Previous Competition Law Enforcement in the Energy Sector
146
4.6.1.
Introduction
147
4.6.2.
The Early Case Law
148
4.6.3.
The Case Law of the New Millennium
150
4.6.4.
Long-Term
Supply Contracts and Downstream
Natural Gas Markets
150
4.6.4.1.
The Cases
151
4.6.4.2.
Long-Term
Downstream Contracts: Volume,
Duration and More
153
4.6.5.
Destination Clauses: First Crack at the Upstream Supply
Contracts
159
4.6.5.1.
Commission Practice
160
4.6.5.1.1.
Gazprom/ENI
161
4.6.5.1.2.
GDF/ENI
-
GDF/ENEL
162
4.6.5.1.3.
Sonatrach
163
4.6.5.2.
Approach in Sonatrach v. Approach in
GDF/ENI/ENEL
164
4.6.5.3.
Commission Practice: The Destination
Clause Saga and the E.ON/Ruhrgas Case
166
4.6.6.
Ownership Unbundling through Competition Law
167
4.7.
Concluding Remarks
175
vu
Table
of Contents
Chapter
5
Compatibility of Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity,
Commodity Contracts and
EU
Competition Law
177
5.1.
Long-Term Upstream Natural Gas Commodity Contracts
178
5.1.1.
Introduction
178
5.1.2.
Long-Term Contracts: Views from the Market Players
179
5.1.3.
The Effect of
Long-Term
Contracts on
EU
Energy Markets
184
5.1.4.
The Alternative Solution
189
5.1.5.
The Evolving Nature of
EU
Energy Markets
197
5.2.
Long-Term Natural Gas Transportation Capacity and
EU
Competition Law
199
5.2.1.
Refusal to Deal: An Introduction
201
5.2.2.
The Essential Facility Doctrine: General Considerations
204
5.2.3.
Refusal to Deal: Access to Natural Gas Pipelines
207
5.2.3.1.
An Overview of the Case Law
207
5.2.3.2.
The Essential Facilities Doctrine and Access to
Pipelines
210
5.2.3.3.
Construction under Special Rights and TPA-
Friendly Interpretation of Article
102
TFEU
214
5.2.4.
Concluding Remarks on Article 102(b) TFEU and
Essential Facilities
217
5.3.
Discrimination in the Context of Article
102
TFEU
219
5.3.1.
Case C-
17/03,
VEMW and Others
221
5.3.1.1.
The Facts of the Case
221
5.3.1.2.
Main Arguments Presented to ECJ
223
5.3.1.3.
The Advocate General s Opinion
223
5.3.1.4.
The ECJ
s
Judgment
224
5.3.2.
Interpretation of the Judgment
226
5.3.3.
Concluding Remarks on Article 102(c) TFEU
229
5.4.
Concluding Remarks
229
Chapter
6
Security of Supply as Objective Justification
233
6.1.
Introduction
233
6.2.
Article
101
TFEU and the Rule of Reason Doctrine
234
6.3.
Non-economic Gains in
EU
Competition Law: Articles
101(3)
and
102(3)
TFEU
240
6.4.
The Security of Supply Argument under Article
101(3)
TFEU
245
6.4.1.
Security of Supply as a Quantifiable Economic
Benefit
247
6.4.2.
Security of Supply as a Non-economic
or Non-quantifiable Benefit
250
6.4.2.1.
Non-economic Gains in
EU
Competition Law:
Environmental Benefits as the Example
250
viii
Table
of Contents
6.4.2.2.
Security of Supply: Non-economic Gains and the
Problem of Counterfactual
-
The Case Law
258
6.4.3.
How Should Security of Supply Be Considered under
Article
101(3)
TFEU? What is the Right Policy Choice?
261
6.5.
Brief Remarks on
Long-Term
Capacity Contracts and the Security
of Supply Argument under Article
101(3)
TFEU
263
6.6.
Concluding Remarks
266
Conclusions
269
Bibliography
279
Index
311
IX
|
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| language | English |
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| publisher | Kluwer Law International Aspen Publishers [distributor] |
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| series | Energy and environmental law & policy series |
| series2 | Energy and environmental law & policy series |
| spelling | Talus, Kim Verfasser aut Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law Kim Talus Alphen aan den Rijn Kluwer Law International c2011 Frederick, MD Aspen Publishers [distributor] XIV, 321 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Energy and environmental law & policy series 18 Includes bibliographical references (p. [279]-309) and index Recht Natural gas Law and legislation European Union countries Antitrust law European Union countries Contracts European Union countries Natural gas Transportation Law and legislation European Union countries Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Energy and environmental law & policy series 18 (DE-604)BV035320833 18 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024488991&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Talus, Kim Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law Energy and environmental law & policy series Recht Natural gas Law and legislation European Union countries Antitrust law European Union countries Contracts European Union countries Natural gas Transportation Law and legislation European Union countries |
| title | Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law |
| title_auth | Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law |
| title_exact_search | Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law |
| title_full | Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law Kim Talus |
| title_fullStr | Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law Kim Talus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law Kim Talus |
| title_short | Vertical natural gas transportation capacity, upstream commodity contracts, and EU competition law |
| title_sort | vertical natural gas transportation capacity upstream commodity contracts and eu competition law |
| topic | Recht Natural gas Law and legislation European Union countries Antitrust law European Union countries Contracts European Union countries Natural gas Transportation Law and legislation European Union countries |
| topic_facet | Recht Natural gas Law and legislation European Union countries Antitrust law European Union countries Contracts European Union countries Natural gas Transportation Law and legislation European Union countries Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
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