Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953.:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bosnian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sarajevo
Inst. za Istoriju
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Historijske monografije
6 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Social and economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1945 - 1953 |
| Beschreibung: | 431 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789958649080 |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Social and economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1945 - 1953 | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1945-1953 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148484154064896 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SADRŽAJ
Predgovor
................................................................................7
Uvod
.......................................................................................9
Mjesto i uloga Bosne i Hercegovine
u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji
.....................................................23
Geopolitički kontekst, prirodni resursi i povijesno naslijeđe
............23
Demografska slika bosanskohercegovačkog društva
......................31
Osnovne strukture stanovništva u Bosni i Hercegovini
....................42
Narodna vlast i proces strukturalne transformacije
u Bosni i Hercegovim
.............................................................78
Bosna i Hercegovina kao federalna jedinica
..................................78
Administrativno-teritorijalna podjela i daljnja
organizacija vlasti u Bosni i Hercegovini
(1945.-1953.)................107
Smjena društvenih elita na
bosanskohercegovačkoj političkoj sceni
......................................161
Uspostavljanje državnog monopola nad gospodarstvom
.........198
Stvaranje državne svojine
..........................................................198
Osnovne karakteristike gospodarstva u prijelaznom periodu
.........226
Siromaštvo kao odrednica gospodarskog razvoja
.........................247
Vera Katz |
DRUŠTVENI I EKONOMSKI RAZVOJ BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
1945. - 1953.
Privredni plan i kapitalna izgradnja po modelu
socijalističke industrijalizacije
(1947.-1952.)....................264
Privredni plan kao instrument promjene gospodarske
strukture zemlje
........................................................................264
Mjesto Bosne i Hercegovine u Petogodišnjem planu FNRJ
............279
Razvitak narodne privrede prema Petogodišnjem planu
NR Bosne i Hercegovine
(1947.-1952.)......................................293
Realizacija Petogodišnjeg plana
u Bosni i Hercegovini
(1947.-1952.)...........................................308
Jačanje mobilizacijskih funkcija
društveno-ekonomskog sustava početkom 50-tih godina
..............349
Putevi tranzicije iz državnog u samoupravni socijalizam
.........368
Ustavni zakon
о
osnovama društvenog i političkog uređenja
.........368
Društveni plan Narodne Republike Bosne i Hercegovine
za
1953.
godinu
.......................................................................379
Traženje novog puta
...................................................................385
Zaključak
............................................................................394
Summary
.............................................................................401
Izvori i literatura
..................................................................407
Popis kratica
.......................................................................419
Indeks osobnih imena
..........................................................421
Indeks geografskih pojmova
.................................................424
Bilješka
о
autorici
.............................................................431
SUMMARY
Social and economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in
the
1945-1953
The post-war order in Bosnia and Herzegovina was based on the same
ideological, political and economic bases as in other parts of Yugoslavia.
People s Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina drew its legitimacy through
revolutionary ideology from the federal centres of the party, state and
economic power. All the forms of transition from the previous, pre-war
socio-political and economic development, the new authorities based
on the organisation and successful leadership of the liberation struggle,
during which the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) had seriously
prepared from the time of summoning the
Anti
Fascist Council of People s
Liberation of Yugoslavia
(AVNOJ)
and the Land s
Anti
Fascist Council of
People s Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ZAVNOBiH). Besides
emphasising their own merits in the anti-fascist struggle, KPJ had the
grounds for it post-war activity also in referring to the decisions made at
these universally represented assemblies that they presented as popular
will. In the first post-war years a state and economic structure that had
been built during he war was further upgraded, particularly on the basis
of the decisions of the 2nd Session of
AVNOJ
and the 2nd Session of
ZAVNOBIH that, in the BH case, only reaffirmed that the path that was
chosen was the right one. It was particularly in the case of this federal unit
that the idea of brotherhood and unity was developed as the example for
the future equal and harmonious relations among Yugoslav peoples. It is
with certainty that we can conclude that the transition of authority had its
roots in the war years.
400
SUMMARY
The political system that was established was a mono-party one, and
outside of its institutions it was not possible to articulate any different
political interests. Special attention of the regime was focused on different
opinion even when they were rational and benevolent. Remnants of
disoriented political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the war,
particularly in terms of membership, were an easy prey when it comes
to preventing their further activity using propaganda means. Everything
that was not initiated in the offices of the party leaders was received with
utmost intolerance. The procedure was very simple and it related to the
disqualification of renowned bourgeois politicians and prevention of their
political activity. For tactical reasons, in the first couple of years after the
war, some if the traditional institutions were kept, since they had to serve
to the people s authority to use their renown in order to achieve social
transformation. However, this did not mean that they made it possible
for any bourgeois democracy option to develop, but rather to leave a brief
impression of civil society. In this period, the Communist Party acted
through mass organisations in which it had decisive influence, while
the efforts were focused on merging all remaining, outdated national,
cultural and charity institutions into one universally popular front . The
government was successful in this and the closing of these institutions was
presented publicly as the consequence of the lack of interest in their work.
The key area of action of the new authorities was education at all
levels; from the efforts to increase literacy to high education. According to
the ideas of KPJ, education as a centralised system based on ideology and
aimed at ensuring its revolutionary transformation. Education and culture
were radically transformed by complete removal of private schools and
institutions, creation of a single curricula and syllabi that were based fully
on the new ideology, control and supervision of teachers and fast-track
education of selected cadres to serve as educators.
With the creation of a people s
state^he
Party tried to create a functional
unity in all paths of life. In the periods of crisis, although the word crisis
was not permitted, organisation changes were introduced, particularly those
administrative and territorial ones, followed by the reorganisation of state
and administrative apparatus. Thus, with these changes of organisational
401
Vera Katz
I DRUŠTVENI I EKONOMSKI RAZVOJ BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
1945. - 1953.
and technical arrangements and with modernisation of regulations
created a false impression of social changes, whereas, actually, the social
basis of the people s state remained unchanged.
The parallel process of creating people s property marked the economic
transition in the country. Although the constitutions (both the federal and
the republican ones) guarantied, inter alia, private property, even private
initiatives in economy, in practice they both disappeared completely. The
state monopoly in the economy of the country was achieved through
confiscation, sequestration, expropriation, nationalisation of property and
agrarian reform. Very few craft and trading firms remained but they did
not have any significance in terms of influencing the realisation of the
concept of socialist industrialisation and electrification , since they were
covered by the economic plan. The transition of ownership from private to
the state ownership was carried out with a strong party, so-called agitprop,
propaganda and support. People s property , as the guarantee of social
power ensured a centralised etatistic concept of planned economy instead
of a free market oriented one. Copying the Soviet model of
5
-year plans ,
the First 5-year Plan of Development of People s Economy of Yugoslavia
and its people s republics was adopted. The case of the First 5-year Plan
for Bosnia and Herzegovina, and great expectations it incited, although
it was over-ambitious and set without any realistic economic indicators,
then their revisions on several occasions, reflect fully the social relations
and controversies and contradictions of Yugoslav and, within it, Bosnian-
Herzegovinian society. By blocking import from the socialist countries
after the Resolution of
Informbiro,
import of goods that had been counted
with in order to realise the first Plan, the Yugoslav party leadership deluded
itself by turning towards internal material and human potentials and
resources. Regardless of significant reduction of the key facilities , the
Plan could not be realised and it marked the beginning of establishment of
financial links with the West through loans, aid and other forms of money
transactions.
Internally, the party state sought the possible solution in additional
motivation of popular masses ^ carry out the Plan. Introduction of workers
self-management
-
an initiative was not a grass-root initiative, but was
402
SUMMARY
imposed by the highest party leadership, was an attempt to recruit as much
labour force as possible in order to replace the acute lack of mechanisation.
Giving the factories to workers to manage them created an impression
of their participation in the management of economy. Decentralisation of
economy was an attempt, on the other hand, to give the constituent republics
the feeling of importance and responsibility for the realisation of the Plan,
but also the way to suppress the so-called republican particularisms. De-
bureaucratisation had the task of reducing administration and related costs.
These reorganisation measures opened up the way for a great administrative
job of establishing workers councils, which slowed down production
processes, since the attention was paid to the abolishment of the existing
and establishment of new state administrative organs that were to take
over the economic management. In essence, no change was introduced in
the method of management, while a false impression was made within a
strong
etatist
structure. The party influence was not reduced either. The
Communist Party of Yugoslavia was still protecting the interest of the
working class, and, as such, felt competent to interfere with all the social
relations, although at the 6th Congress of KPJ/SKJ, in
1952,
a decision was
made to replace it leading role with that of providing ideological direction.
Democratic centralism continue to give to the Party the right to criticise
membership at all the lower committee levels, from the higher fora , to
point at undemocratic developments in the society, diversions from the
party line , etc. Bottom-up criticism was still prohibited. Such the way of
changing things only confirmed the domination of the party ideological
and political monopoly over the planned realisation of production and
public revenues. Therefore, the power of the Party arose from the state
property, i.e. from
etatism
as the key social relationship.
Directing role of the Party in the society determined the policy of
economic development based on the socialist initial accumulation
formula. It was reflected in unrealistic investment, insufficient use of
production capacity, cheap labour, lack of mechanisation, construction of
the key facilities of capital development at the expense of consumer goods,
neglect of investment in agriculture, as well as social and living standard
of the citizens. Together with disrespect for economic logic, trends at the
403
Vera Katz
I DRUŠTVENI I EKONOMSKI RAZVOJ BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
1945. - 1953.
world market and denial of market rules, the planning was considered the
supreme law of socialist economy. Given public criticism of such a concept
of economy that was heard in the world, the political authorities justified
that model of economy before the public at home as the only way of getting
out of agrarian underdevelopment.The indicators of disproportion between
the rates of domestic product, accumulation of capital, public revenue and
depreciation had no impact on the change of the model of
etatist
plan-
oriented economy. What happened, instead, was the pressure of the state to
mobilise resources, although still through propaganda that focused on the
moral, rather than material interests. Mobilisation and ideological factors
celebrated the sacrifice for the higher goals of socialism . All elements of
plan-oriented socialist economy
-
marked by distribution of capital, state-
imposed prices, over-spills of revenue through the Plan, and not through
market, dependency of banking and financial system from the state, etc.
-
meant the orientation of its collectivist character towards public interest,
and not towards the individual one, thus limiting productive use of human
resources, individual initiative and
entrepreneurship.
In order to mitigate
to some extent this collectivist orientation, the Party introduced workers
councils into enterprises, undertook some modernisation measures, but
they were of limited character since they were implemented in an etatistic
concept of social relations, where the trinity of Party-State-Economy
remained very strong. Some market mechanisms were free from the state-
administrative control during the reforms in the beginning of the 50ies,
but the county s economy could not bring about any major change because
the market itself was incapable of performing its function fully, given that
it was not integrated and it linked to the world market yet. Additional
measure, introduced in
1952
in the communal system, could not bring
about any economic recovery in Bosnia and Herzegovina, since, instead
of federal framework, economic processes were now contained din the
municipal ones within the Republi
с
With the strengthening of municipal
party and state structure over enterprises on their territories only restricted
additionally the effect of market mechanisms and competition.
After the liberation, the highest party, state and economic positions were
occupied by young people who followed the socialist plan-oriented model
404
SUMMARY
of economy, and who were ideologically and individually linked to it, as
an idea that they had fought for during WWII. Thus, it was impossible to
expect them to change radically in the time span of ten years the overall
concept of the state they had fought for in the first place. Relying on a
representative collectivity (people, working people, nation, class...), while
keeping their own ideological and political monopoly, they have not given
space for individuality, social freedoms and individual initiatives, without
which society remains both spiritually and materially poor. Comparative
analysis of normative acts and real results of such an activity in practice leads
to the conclusion that there was no discrepancy between them, but rather
that the party project of a monolithic etatistic society in all its segment was
fully achieved. In a brief period of time, that is, in ten years, the society of
Bosnia and Herzegovina underwent a total transition from the pre-war
civil, bourgeois society to a socialist society, based on the Soviet model of
application of an extremely backward agrarian and rural country.
Translated by
Senada
Kreso
405
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Katz, Vera |
| author_facet | Katz, Vera |
| author_role | aut |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039632858 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)844019610 (DE-599)BVBBV039632858 |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1953 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1953 |
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| geographic | Bosnien-Herzegowina (DE-588)4088119-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bosnien-Herzegowina |
| id | DE-604.BV039632858 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:07:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789958649080 |
| language | Bosnian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024482932 |
| oclc_num | 844019610 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | 431 S. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Inst. za Istoriju |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Historijske monografije |
| series2 | Historijske monografije |
| spelling | Katz, Vera Verfasser aut Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. Vera Katz Sarajevo Inst. za Istoriju 2011 431 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Historijske monografije 6 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Social and economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1945 - 1953 Geschichte 1945-1953 gnd rswk-swf Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd rswk-swf Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Bosnien-Herzegowina (DE-588)4088119-2 gnd rswk-swf Bosnien-Herzegowina (DE-588)4088119-2 g Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 s Geschichte 1945-1953 z DE-604 Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 s Historijske monografije 6 (DE-604)BV019344191 6 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024482932&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024482932&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Katz, Vera Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. Historijske monografije Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020588-5 (DE-588)4318539-3 (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4088119-2 |
| title | Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. |
| title_auth | Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. |
| title_exact_search | Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. |
| title_full | Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. Vera Katz |
| title_fullStr | Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. Vera Katz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. Vera Katz |
| title_short | Društveni i ekonomski razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine 1945. - 1953. |
| title_sort | drustveni i ekonomski razvoj bosne i hercegovine 1945 1953 |
| topic | Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gesellschaft Sozioökonomischer Wandel Wirtschaft Bosnien-Herzegowina |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024482932&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024482932&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019344191 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katzvera drustveniiekonomskirazvojbosneihercegovine19451953 |