Gračanica: crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beograd
Istorijski Inst.
2010
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Edicija Studije / Istorijski Institut
5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | PST in engl. Sprache. - In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 130 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788677430863 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gračanica |b crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva |c Igor Stojić |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148482020212736 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | САДРЖАЈ
Увод
Ірагови у
историЈСким
изворима
II
Истраживања
цркве
и некрополе
15
Архитектура цркве
25
Некропола
39
Антрополошка анализа
41
Начин
сахрањивања
и гробне
конструкције
45
Надгробни споменици
65
Археолошки
налази
-
гробни прилози
71
Каталог
гробова
79
Завршна
разматрања
113
Summary
119
Регистар
125
SUMMARY
Summing up the already proposed results, conclusions
regarding construction time of St. Michael s temple of
Gračanica,
as well as its centuries-long existence, have been
reached. The significant defect represents the unknown fact
what lies hidden beneath the church floor, which might be of
crucial importance to this case. Its simplicity and unordinary
aspect might be attributed to the limited construction skills
and complex situation in which it had probably been erected.
Information from Turkish documents dating from the mid-
XVIth century confirm that it was a monastery indeed.
Construction time of the temple might correspond to that
period, or slightly earlier.
In the Middle Ages, the Western Serbia was differentiated
regarding its historical destiny. Its Northern part was mainly
dependant upon relations between Serbia and Hungary, as well
as Serbia and Bosnia, while its Southern part entered in the
,
composition of the Serbian state since its very beginnings.!;
Regions stretching between Danube and
Sava,
but also those of ff
Kolubara and
Mačva,
were called Srem at the time.
During XHIth century, this territory represented a
perpetual conflictual line between Serbia and Hungary, that
led to foundation of the regional unit of
Mačva
by thepk,
Hungarians in the mid- Xlllth century. Valjevo is absent fromnj
Hungarian sources, since no fortress existed in it,even though
ƒ*
the town itself represented a marketplace lying on the
roadít
stretching from Bosnia, towards
Rudnik
and Belgrade. King|
120
Uroš
I made an incursion in
Mačva
in
1268
and suffered defeat.
Dragutin
began administrating the regional unit of
Mačva
by
the end of
1384,
and was governing it until his death.
Conflicts over
Mačva
continued throughout XlVth
century.
Milutin
has, with partial success, led wars with Hungarians
from
1316.
Duke
Lazar
has been in possession of some
regiones,
we do not precisely know since when. Nevertheless,
he remained Sigmund s vassal. The regional unit of
Mačva
came under Serbian rule only after
1402
and battle of Angora,
when Despot Stefan
Lazarević
became Hungarian vassal. In
spite of the fact that it was agreed, upon the agreement in Tata
in
1426,
that the mentioned regions got restituted to Hungary
upon despot s death, only Belgrade came under its rule.
Valjevo, including the neighbouring town of
Bela
Stena,
and mines of Krupanj and
Zajaca,
were under Despot
Đurađ s
rule.
The church of
Grecanica
was probably erected in the
mid- XVth century. Necropolis including its oldest burial layer
originated at the same time. This layer has been documented by
a group of graves, inearthed in a free disposition, without
findings, situated along South side of the wall. A number of
pits, containing the XVth century material, would correspond
to this layer.
Upon the fall of the despot rule in
1459,
the Turkish
domain spread until
Sava,
where a border-fortress for incursions
in Hungary was built. Soon after, Matija
Korvin
took over this
fortification and made it a center of the regional district of
Šabac,
that represented a barrier to Turkish progression, together with
regional districts of Belgrade, Srebrenica and Jajac.
Belgrade,
Šabac
and Valjevo fell under Turkish rule in
1521.
Only occasional reference to villages that were later to
__________________________________________________________121
enter in the composition of the district of Valjevo existed upon
that time, leading us to conclude that Turkish rule got
established in this area during 1590 s.
Borders of the district of Valjevo that entered in the
composition of the Sanjak of Smederevo, were limited by
Sava
on the North, Kolubara and Ljig on the East, mountain
chain from
Sokol
to
Rudnik
on the South and water ways of
Jadar and Kolubara on the West. Those borders have been
mostly maintained from XVIth to XlXth centuries. Unsignificant
islamization process marked this area, mainly due to the
existence of a form of self-administration with national leaders,
dukes and
primućuri
at its head.
Reflections of this state were visible on the necropolis
that acquired its largest scope during the reconstruction of the
Patriarchate of
Peć.
This burial layer is characterized by
tombstones, representing a cross and one with stick engraving,
which most probably indicated the existence of the village
authorities, duke or a village mayor. This entire layer was
dated by XVIth century coins.
The crisis befell Turkey during the second half of
XVIth century. Corruption and anarchy spread throughout the
Osmanic Empire, particularly upon killing of
Mehmed-paša
Sokolović
in
1579.
Taxes on peasants became five to* eight
times higher, which provoked haiduk movement. First
rebellions and uprisings occurred during the Austro-Turkish
war
(1593-1606).
Predominantly monasteries suffered from Turkish
oppression in the mid-XVIIth century. 5#
;■ 3
Serbian population joined Austria inthe war against
Turkey,
1683-1699,
as has always been the case before; It was
in order to realize their dream on liberation from the foreign
oppression, but, they also suffered losses, as
тапуд
times
122 _________________________________________
before, for foreign interests. In a fierce attack, Austrians took
over Petrovaradin,
Slankamen
and Belgrade in
1688.
Rebels
of
Uzice
got attacked the same year. Until the peace treaty of
Karlovac,
Valjevo has exchangeably fallen into the hands of
Turks, rebels and Austrians.
Military operations of the
Habsburg
Monarchy and
Osmanic Empire in the North-Western Serbia got reactivated
in May
1717.
Battles around
Šabac
and Loznica were recorded
in December
1717.
Serbian rebels took Valjevo in June
1718,
together with the Austrians. Serbia got devided into
11
districts
of civilian administration. The district of Valjevo was one of
these, for which we know was densely inhabited.
The building number
3
witnesses to the period of
Austrian occupation of the
Gračanica
graveyard. This building
might have represented
a monasterial
palace. This burial layer
contains relatively small number of graves; undecorated
tombstones, at the North-East of the church apse would
correspond to this layer as well. Judging by all this, we might
classify graves from sector I, of irregular orientation (North-
South), into this grave group.
Hostilities got renewed in summer
1737.
Valjevo got
devastated already in December. Destiny of Valjevo got sealed
upon the fall of
Uzice,
that occurred some time later.
Valjevo stayed under Turkish rule from the peace
treaty of Belgrade, until the newly-emerged conflicts at the
end of 1780 s, when high taxes got apportioned and the
population displaced.
On the eve of the Entrance of the Most Holy Mother of
God into the Temple in
1787,
the attempt of Austria to take
Belgrade with Serbian help failed. Next year already, Austria
declared war to Turkey. Serbian voluntary formations called
_____________________________________________________123
„frajkori made great success and suppressed Turkish forces
further South.
Duke Aleksa Nenadović
cleared the region of
Valjevo of the Turks by chasing them away to
Čačak.
Church of
Gračanica
suffered destruction most probably at the same time.
The church got renewed at the beginning of XVIIIth
century, most probably in
1817.
Graves with tombstones bearing
inscriptions from that period correspond to this burial layer. As it
has already been mentioned, the church got renewed once again
in
1930,
and has been in function until this very day.
As we can see from previous facts, the church of
Gračanica
suffered numerous devastations throughout its
centuries-long difficult existence. It has been established
according to previous research that this church was classified
into cultural heritage monuments that would, however, not be
submerged and take precious information down with it.
Nevertheless, it is still possible to even supplement information
on this complex further more, as well as to bring into the light
*
conclusions that will elucidate facts regarding this unordinary
¿
temple.
4
To conclude with, our construction heritage is not so?
rich after all, that destruction of monuments of the kind should
f
easily be permitted.
t
|
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| author | Stojić, Igor |
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| id | DE-604.BV039631317 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:07:50Z |
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| spelling | Stojić, Igor Verfasser aut Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva Igor Stojić Beograd Istorijski Inst. 2010 130 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Edicija Studije / Istorijski Institut 5 PST in engl. Sprache. - In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1300-1600 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Tubravić (DE-588)7841963-3 gnd rswk-swf Tubravić (DE-588)7841963-3 g Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 1300-1600 z DE-604 Istorijski Institut Edicija Studije 5 (DE-604)BV021308112 5 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481444&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481444&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Stojić, Igor Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)7841963-3 |
| title | Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva |
| title_auth | Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva |
| title_exact_search | Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva |
| title_full | Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva Igor Stojić |
| title_fullStr | Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva Igor Stojić |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gračanica crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva Igor Stojić |
| title_short | Gračanica |
| title_sort | gracanica crkva i nekropola kod valjeva |
| title_sub | crkva i nekropola kod Valjeva |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Tubravić |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481444&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481444&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021308112 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stojicigor gracanicacrkvainekropolakodvaljeva |