Antička Makedonija: kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Macedonian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Skopje
Templum
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 145 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789989189890 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | СОДРЖИНА
ПРЕДГОВОР
........................................................................................................................ 7
УВОД
.................................................................................................................................9
КОН НОВИТЕ
ЧИТАЊА
НА МАКЕДОНСКАТА
ИСТОРИЈА
ОД АНТИКАТА
ДО
ДОАЃАЊЕТО
НА СЛОВЕНИТЕ
.....................................................................................13
Прв
дел
АНТИЧКА
МАКЕДОНИЈА
КАКО КЛУЧ ЗА НОВИТЕ ДЕФИНИЦИИ?
..................................15
A. БАСИЛЕУС/
БАСИЛЕЈА;
ИМПЕРАТОР/ИМПЕРИУМ; РЕКС; ЦАР/ЦАРСТВО;
...........18
•
Басилеус/басилеја
(βασιλεύς, βασίλεια)
..........................................................18
•
Император/империум
(imperator/ imperium)
...................................................20
•
Rex
(реке)
..............................................................................................................20
•
Цар/
царство
.........................................................................................................21
Б.
ПОЛИТИКОЛОГИЈА, ЕВРОПЕИЗАЦИЈА, ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЈА
......................................22
B. ХЕЛЕНИЗАМ, АЛЕКСАНДРИЗАМ, МАКЕДОНИЗАМ
................................................24
Г. КОИНЕ
(κοινή)
...........................................................................................................25
Д. ЗА
КЛУЧНИТЕ
ЕЛЕМЕНТИ НА
ДУХОВНИОТ РАЗВОЈ
НА
АНТИЧКИТЕ
МАКЕДОНЦИ
............................................................................................27
Втор дел
ВИЗАНТИСКИ
ИЗВОРИ
:
ПРИФАЌАЊЕ
И
ПРЕНЕБРЕГНУВАЊЕ
.......................................39
•
Македонија
за време на римското
владеење
од
168
г. ст.
e.
до
крајот
на
3
век
.................................................................................................39
•
Македонија помеѓу Истокот
и Западот
4
и
5
век
..............................................39
•
Македонија
и Словените од
средината
на б век до
средината
на
9
век
.........40
КОН РАЗЛИЧНИТЕ
ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ
ЗАЈАЗИКОТ
НА АНТИЧКИТЕ
МАКЕДОНЦИ
........49
УЛОГАТА НА
ЕНЦИКЛОПЕДИЈАТА
ВО
ФОРМИРАЊЕТО
НА ИСТОРИСКИОТ
ДИСКУРС ЗА
МАКЕДОНИЈА
.............................................................................................55
ЗА КОРИСТА И ШТЕТАТА ОД „ИСТОРИСКИОТ РЕВИЗИОНИЗАМ
..................................63
ЦРНА АТЕНА
:
ДЕМИСТФИКАЦИЈА
НА ХЕЛЕНСКАТА
КУЛТУРА
И
ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЈА
.......81
ЗАКЛУЧОК
........................................................................................................................ 89
SUMMARY
........................................................................................................................ 97
ИЛУСТРАЦИИ
................................................................................................................. 107
КРАТЕНКИ
....................................................................................................................... 125
БИБЛИОГРАФИЈА
........................................................................................................... 127
ИЗВОРИ
.......................................................................................................................... 139
ИНДЕКС
...........................................................................................................................143
SUMMARY
The Republic of Macedonia is currently living through a period in which
historical science plays an especially significant role. Historians practise
their professions in dynamic relation to society and the times in which
they live. Some work in dependent conditions and are not immune to
stereotypes and prejudices. Historical science in Macedonia is influenced
by present conditions, politics and ideology, and it often occurs that
historians exploit the past for purposes related to daily politics. Such actions
have resulted in biased historical interpretations focussed on establishing
the ancient origins and continuous existence of peoples in these areas. In
these circumstances, it is essential to foster a genuinely critical historical
discourse on issues of national history and for historians to adopt and
retain a considerable distance from the politics of the moment.
In summarizing and assessing the consequences of the process of
antiquisation , we should be careful to avoid irresponsibility. We thus
approach the study of ancient sources with a critical attitude. For it is
our belief that the study of ancient history should be left to historians.
Interest in the ancient history of Macedonia is not a trend that has
appeared only in recent years. Ever since Macedonia s independence in
1991,
a wave of so-called researchers into antiquity have striven to place
Ancient Macedonia at the centre of all events in our history. Numerous
pseudo-historical works have appeared, as well as pseudo-linguistic studies
relating the Macedonian alphabet and language back to prehistory.
All this interest in research into and orientation towards antiquity may
perhaps be explained as a reaction against previous national studies in
the Republic of Macedonia which started only with the arrival of the Slavs
(e.g. the three-volume History of the Macedonian People, INI, Skopje,
1969;
Documents on the Struggle of the Macedonian People for National
Independence and State UKIM, Skopje
1981;
and other history textbooks).
To this extent, the emergence of a belated national romanticism has some
explanation and logic: in some way it sought Macedonian roots further
back in the past than did the national history established in the period
when Macedonia became part of the Yugoslav federation.
971 <
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
l
München
One reason why interest in ancient history has attained such an important
role in Macedonia in recent decades certainly lies in the fact that national-
romanticism historically affected areas of Macedonia later than other
Balkan nations—in the late 19th century. An almost identical process in
the Balkans happened at the end of the 20th century when a new wave of
national-romanticism appeared in other Balkan countries at least a decade
before it appeared in Macedonia. Neighbouring countries also sought
their roots in early indigenous populations who were not interrelated with
the Slavs. As examples, we might mention various theses about national
origins in Serbia, Croatia and Bulgaria, interpretations which are not
accepted by the wider scientific community and which are today considered
nationalistic and counterproductive to the building of a modern European
identity. The current belated wave of national romanticism in the Republic
of Macedonia is not only fatal for the process of European integration, it
petrifies Macedonia in Europe as a country fixated with its ancient roots.
The origins of modem nations lie in combinations over centuries of
multifarious components. There is no scientific basis for any theory which
proposes that a modern nation can be created only by one component. There
are no such entities as pure nations. Such theories have led to numerous
misconceptions and wars in the past and are absolutely unacceptable to
modern science. We thus intentionally refrain from employing such terms
as ethnogenesis , for the creation of nations can only very conditionally be
called an ethnogenetical process. The term ethnogenesis is complex and
would further lead us into unnecessary explanations that do not comply
with modern theories about the creation of peoples and nations.
Beginning from the 19th century, when the concept Macedonian emerged
to designate the Slav population inhabiting the geographical territory
of Macedonia, Macedonians were faced with vociferous denial of their
nationality and language—denial continuing for decades until, with the
establishment of the People s Republic of Macedonia within the Yugoslav
federation, the Macedonian people for the first time gained statehood,
ethnicity and language in the true sense of the word. The denial of
Macedonia as the Republic of Macedonia started in the
1950s.
Since that
time, a concerted campaign has been underway in Greece to establish
the Greek character of the ancient Macedonian language, a proposition
dependent upon the thesis that ancient Macedonians were Greek.
With the independence of the Republic of Macedonia in
1991,
the issue of
the state s name escalated into a dispute with Greece which has continued
98
for two decades. The name dispute imposed by Greece has inspired certain
elements in the field of Macedonian historiography to direct increasing
attentiontothestudy of ancient Macedonia. Ancienthistory.whichshouldbe
no more nor less than an early chapter in the history of Macedonia, has thus
became a priority in national history and the question of the ancient identity
of modern Macedonians has emerged as a prolific issue in daily politics.
The process of directingthe interests of all strata of the population to ancient
history has especially intensified in recent years. The promotion amongst
the Macedonian people of a sense of identification with the famous line of
Philip and Alexander began with the raising of memorials to these figures
in all major towns and cities throughout Macedonia. It proceeded with
the naming of streets, roads and stadiums and was transferred to the
choreography and set design of numerous demonstrations organized at
every occasion throughout the country. Things went so far that a search
for the Hunza people of Pakistan was organized to establish that these
newly discovered people were the missing link in our direct ties with the
descendants of Alexander s soldiers. A number of articles in Macedonian
daily and weekly newspapers began to appear in response to this process
of antiqusation —or the even more vulgar bucephalisation . These
words referred to a deviation from scientific and historical standards in the
study of the past. The term antiqusation , as defined in the social context
of our country, aims to prove the continuity and cultural familiarity of
ancient Macedonia as a form of political entity with the modern Republic
of Macedonia.
Does antiquisation refer primarily to the positioning of Macedonia as
ancient in its origins or to an exploration into the roots of Macedonians
in antiquity? The exploitation of these concepts in fact reflects the
political reality of our country at the moment. Government decisions
to support projects that promote the thesis of the ancient roots of the
nation have triggered a wave of reactions. Several publications by scientific
institutions for the global promotion of the Republic of Macedonia
support precisely this thesis, which has caused reactions on the part of
sections of the professional and general public. Questions have been
raised in the fields of political science, sociology, international law,
history and anthropology. Numerous answers, opinions and analyses have
likewise been proffered by researchers, columnists, publicists, journalists,
politicians, political scientists, culturologists, sociologists and historians, etc.
In this paper we make reference to several scientific projects carried out
99
and published
¡η
recent years, such as The History of the Macedonian
Nation , Tracing the Alphabet and Language of the Ancient Macedonians
and Macedonian Encyclopaedia . We believe this paper should include
On the Use and Abuse of Historical revisionism referred to by Professor
Stephen G. Miller in addressing the Letter to US President
Barack
Obama,
and by Professor Martin
Bernal in
the promotional debate accompanying
the translation of Black Athena: Afro-Asian roots of Classical Civilization,
Volume
1 .
In the chapter headed New Readings of Macedonian History from
Antiquity to the Arrival of the Slavs , we set down what we believe is
essential to the study of ancient history. We begin by discussing certain
terminological inconsistencies and offering suggestions as to the use of
more appropriate terminology in Macedonian historiography. We believe
the works of ancient authors and archaeological evidence to be crucial to
the reliability of data regarding the attribution of gods and cults to certain
nations . We disagree with simplified and unilateral interpretations of facts
which neither arise from nor fall within the scope of serious research—as,
for example, the mistaken extrapolation that the geographic extent of
a particular territory or particular cult of a deity necessarily indicates a
shared belonging to a particular entity.
When it comes to the great Slavic migrations that transformed the ethnic
map of Europe, we rely on data from Byzantine sources which indicate
large numbers of Slavic settlers.
Constantine
VII Porphyrogenitus
even
says: All Hellas was Slavicised and became barbarian. Slavs significantly
affected the ethnic structure of this region, contrary to assertions that the
settlement of the Slavs was not a mater of mass colonization.
In the chapter entitled Different Interpretations of the Language of the
Ancient Macedonians , we point out the absurdity of interpreting demotic
text as ancient Macedonian. If such a perspective were to be accepted,
everything written in the 19th and 20th centuries based on the research
of demotic writings would need to be re-read and a new history of the
Mediterranean would need to be written.
In the chapter entitled The Role of the Encyclopaedia in the Formation
of the Historical Discourse of Macedonia , we set out our belief that given
determinant comments will be of benefit in making a new version of the
period of prehistory, antiquity and the period before the arrival of the
Slavs.
100
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Historical Revisionism (The Use
and Abuse of historical Revisionism) is the chapter to which our greatest
attention has been given because we feel that history should not be ignored,
much less fabricated. Using the works of ancient authors dating from
more than two millennia ago, as well as modern studies, historians should
remain in their field without entering into political discussions and without
exacerbating the already fierce rhetoric of the Balkans. The public should be
informed that while these interpretations may define historical sources and
instruct
scienti
ficthesestheydo not solve national mattersorpolitical issues.
The chapter entitled Black Athena, or the
Démystification
of Hellenic
Culture and Civilization partially deviates from the original approach of
the study due to the fact that there are no direct points of contact with
Ancient Macedonia. M.
Bernal
deals with the review and destruction of
ancient historical myths and tries to build some new paradigms. Even if
the contradictory Semitic and Egyptian origins of the Hellenes that
Bernal
prefers were proven, it would not have points of contact with black Africa,
and even less would it affect conclusions about ancient Macedonia.
Entering a name and personality like that of Alexander as a key starting
point in linking contemporary with ancient Macedonian identity has led
some Macedonians to identify with the grandiose figure of Alexander built
for centuries around stories of the East and West. Neither the twenty-
three centuries between the death of Alexander to the present day nor
the millennium gap from the time of Alexander to the arrival of the Slavs
in this region have reduced this desire and striving to identify with the
famous line of Argeads.
Alexander has became a national hero of Macedonia to be employed in
nationalistic outbursts in the expression of identity, all of which is quite
contrary to the core idea of Alexander s overall work and life. For in that
brief but rich life he was devoted to the realization of a cosmopolitan idea,
a project evident in his education and his work at later stages of his life.
Alexander s teacher was Aristotle. It was Aristotle who thought most
deeply about the political unification of all the Hellenes and originated
the theoretical concept of the ecumenical state. In accordance w.th h.s
philosophical principles, Aristotle envisaged the entire universe united in
one state with a supreme god as leader. Thus united, the Hellenes could
1Л1
prevail and rise above all other nations. Aristotle saw an opportunity to
realize this idea of the ecumenical state in the education and preparation
of Alexander to unite the Hellenes and thusto achieve their major historical
role. For this purpose, Alexander was raised in a long tradition of Hellenic
spiritual values, Hellenic political life and political theory. The relationship
with old philosophers from the Hellenic School descended from Socrates
through Plato to Aristotle. But this relationship of student and teacher
cannot be explained only by the simple fact that Socrates was the teacher
of Plato, Plato the teacher of Aristotle, and Aristotle the tutor of Alexander.
Although Aristotle was a student of Plato, he challenged him on many
points. Throughout Aristotle s works there runs a critical dialogue with
Plato wherein Aristotle challenges the ontological coherence of Plato s
ideal forms.
Aristotle s connections to the Macedonian royal house date back to before
his tutorship of Alexander. Aristotle s father, born in Stagira in Khalkidhiki,
was a friend and physician to King Amyntas III, the father of Philip II. In
348
ВС,
after the death of Plato, a student of Plato s named Speusippus
became the head of the Academy and this led Aristotle to leave Athens
and live for some time in Asia Minor and Mytilene, where he worked with
Theophrastus. It was not until
343/2
ВС
that he came to Macedonia and
undertook the responsibility of educating Alexander. Aristotle tutored
Alexander in the main features of 4th century
ВС
philosophy: The desire
for a system and synthesis . Alexander was a synthesiser
sui
generis, as he
was a synthesis of the energy of his father and his half-barbarian mother
who followed the cult of Dionysus.
The implementation of the idea of the ecumenical state began with
Alexander s conquest of all the hitherto known states and territories of
the East. However, these conquests were not intended to subordinate
conquered nations but rather, according to Alexander, were meant
to release them from eastern rulers. The subsequent step was the
introduction of Hellenic culture and education in the countries of the East
and the recognition of the religions and customs of conquered nations.
This manifested the long-desired synthesis of East and West-Aristotle s
idea of put into practice by Alexander.
Nevertheless, the differences between teacher and student in their ways
of thinking were seen most evident in Alexander s treatment of conquered
peoples. Aristotle believed that Alexander should be the leader of the
102
Hellenes and the master of the barbarians, while Alexander preferred to
be ruler of all in one great community. Evidence that he succeeded in this
intention is the fact that the Hellenistic states did not fall apart after his
death but continued existing several centuries until the Roman conquest.
Perhaps the correct way of moving towards the way of thinking of the
peoples of the East was achieved through Alexander s respect for their
religions and cults, the sacrifices made in their temples and the rebuilding
of temples that had been destroyed. By accepting the pharaonic tradition
to be the son of God, Alexander became far more than a Macedonian
king and leader of the Corinthian League. In Babylon he again raised the
Marduk temple and became the successor of the Persian kings. With this
gesture, Macedonian strategic and military power, Hellenic Culture and
Education, together with the long tradition of Egyptian pharaohs and the
wealth of the Persian kings all entered into one great community. All of
these components created a new ecumenical state, the first and only of its
kind, a large, multiethnic, multicultural establishment that remained intact
fora long time.
Only a genius like Alexander was able to plan and put into practice such
a great project for an ecumenical world empire with its beginnings
in the small Macedonian kingdom and the ideas of his father Philip
II. Macedonia became the force of the day, during which Alexander
III had spread to the borders of the known world. Besides the rush for
conquest and the state-creating element of Alexander s ecumenical
state, the new historical period that occurred during and after his reign
enabled the development of various scientific and research activities.
After Alexander s death, several kingdomsfounded by hisgeneralssurvived:
THe
Ptolemies in the realm of Egypt, the Kingdom of Seleucids which
stretched throughout the region of Mesopotamia, Syria, Iran and Asia
Minor, and the Antigonid dynasty in the kingdom of Macedonia, Thrace
and Thessaly. Everything that Alexander failed to achieve in his plans of
conquest and ecumenical plans was achieved a few centuries later by the
Romans. The Roman
Orbis Terrarum
(between the 3rd and 1st centuries
ВС),
with the conquest of the western Mediterranean region, Germany
and Britain, is considered a continuation and expansion of Alexander s
ecumenical state
It is impossible that anyone from antiquity and the Middle Ages to today
had not yet heard of the great conquests of the young Macedonian king.
His fame and popularity in ancient Macedonia and Hellas, as well as central
1ҐР
Asia, lasted long after his death. He entered Persian poetry under the name
of Iskender as well as in the toponomastics of many regions in the wake
of his conquests. Of seventy cities that were conquered in his quests and
populated by veterans of his army, twenty bore his name. His fame in the
Islamic and Christian world was heightened further by the medieval novel
The Life of Alexander the Great
( Alexandreis ),
which was translated
into many languages.
How have Alexander s cosmopolitan aspirations and desires to unite
the world become transformed for the purposes of exploiting this great
historical figure who belongs to the civilization of the entire world? The
imprisonment of this historic figure within the narrow framework of
national history is inconsistent with the processes and the strengthening
of modern societies.
Alexander s cosmopolitan ideas can be applied in the conception of a
cosmopolitan nation in the 21st century. This may help answer the question
as to the appropriate role of the nation in the cosmopolitan world. In
developing nation-states in the past, there were no clear boundaries, only
vague terms. Later, boundaries became fixed lines drawn on maps that
marked the territory of each nation. And any disruption to those fixed lines
was considered an attack on the integrity of the nation. Today, states are
again starting to use frames instead of borders. They become frameworks
due to their relations with other regions and because of their involvement
in transnational groupings of various types.
In modern life, two basic concepts collide: nationalism, on the one hand,
and the idea of global citizenship on the other. Nationalism believes the
nation is one and indivisible. But even in such a concept it is clear that all
nations without exception are mixed nations. The nation is not something
natural or default and no matter how distant the links they had with their
former communities, nations are the product of relatively recent history.
All of them were created by a variety of cultural constituents. Cultural
elements further create the cultural identity of nations, which plays a
significant role in their defined recognition.
Historical science in the Republic of Macedonia should thus focus primarily
on culture and the cultural identity of the Macedonian people.
Culture and cultural characteristics are those which define populations
and tribal organizations even in periods prior to their being defined as a
specific nation. Material and spiritual culture together make up the base
/
104
foundation of a group when it comes to defining identity. Specifics such as
funeral customs, weapons and jewellery position tribal characteristics in
prehistory and early antiquity, making each tribal organization separate and
different from the others. The manner of organization of government and
military forces, on the one hand, and philosophy, rhetoric, literature and a
unique material culture on the other hand, distinguished the Macedonians
from the ancient Hellenes. In later centuries, by accepting the cultural
values of the population in these areas, Slavs became culturally closer to
this part of the Balkans after they had ethnically drawn close.
The development of culture in Macedonia took place primarily in the period
of National Romanticism, when the name was chosen for the certification
of a people with a unique language and unique customs differentiating
them from other peoples. Music, modes of dress (costumes), religion and
beliefs, the entire material culture, together with language and customs,
determined the cultural space wherein Macedonians were defined.
Therefore, the study of history should be focused in that direction. Seeking
a percentage of ethnicity is pointless because the time-span of more than
two millennia is a long time to accurately determine affiliations. Thus
culture and cultural substrate alone should be the base of studies. The
territory of Macedonia was a transversal of East ,West, North and South—a
goal for many conquerors who were more or less able to change the ethnic
structure, or at least make a certain impact. Seen from this perspective, it
seems unnecessary to talk about ethnogenesis and
DNA
analysis.
Today, all European nations base their identities on their cultures. Cultural
identity is one of the key points on the agenda for action in all European
countries. If we take into consideration the fact that all countries and
nations give up part of their identity when entering the European Union,
it is particularly important at home, when the specificity of the people is
determined, for that cultural base to be preserved. In contemporaneity, a
crucial component of belonging to a nation is emotional. We are what we
feel. If we feel Macedonian, that is a feeling nobody can take away. There
are many examples of such a sense of identity throughout history, even in
our recent past.
This is why ethnogenetic theories are being abandoned all over the world:
because the feeling of belonging, cultural identity and language as a part
of the identity of each citizen are key determinants of the existence and
survival in the modern state.
105
A feeling of belonging and cultural identity should serve as a model in
creating awareness of the existence of Macedonians. The institutions in
Macedonia should help streamline the study of cultural values in this region,
which should fit into the historical study of the history of Macedonia.
The study of history is a serious scientific task for every society. Through
research into the past, the professional and general public become aware
of the civilizational achievements of former peoples and societies of this
region and start perceiving their values. History by itself, however, despite
its great importance, cannot reach conclusions that would help in the
definition of historically significant segments of the past. Therefore, for
several decades in Europe and throughout the world, an interdisciplinary
approach has been adopted in the process of studying that enables
a treatment of a scientific matter that is more versatile and looked at
from all angles. In the case of historical studies, except for archaeology,
epigraphies, linguistics and numismatics, a unique contribution would
be given by ethnographic and sociological studies that would help create
a comprehensive picture of the society being studied. Different aspects
of these studies have already yielded results worldwide, as complex
multidisciplinary researches cover seemingly insignificant aspects of a
society. Having a complete picture of events from different points of
view, an idea is created of the everyday life of past societies and periods.
A multidisciplinary approach thus contributes to the creation of a more
objective perspective even to researchers themselves.
Seen again in more detail, a historian, especially in the study of antiquity
and Middle Ages, must be able to use both written sources and the results
obtained from studies of the material culture. These elements further
contribute to the
définition
of many social aspects. Focusing on cultural
identity and adopting an interdisciplinary approach in contemporary
aspects of historical research will allow Macedonian science to give an
appropriate contribution to contemporary social trends.
106
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Petrova Mitevska, Eleonora 1952- Popovska, Natalija |
| author_GND | (DE-588)152533443 |
| author_facet | Petrova Mitevska, Eleonora 1952- Popovska, Natalija |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Petrova Mitevska, Eleonora 1952- |
| author_variant | m e p me mep n p np |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039631025 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)0982871 (OCoLC)760128965 (DE-599)BVBBV039631025 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Makedonien Altertum |
| id | DE-604.BV039631025 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:07:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789989189890 |
| language | Macedonian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024481155 |
| oclc_num | 760128965 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 145 S. Ill., Kt. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1111 |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Templum |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Petrova Mitevska, Eleonora 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)152533443 aut Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata [Eleonora Petrova Mitevska ; Natalija Popovska] Skopje Templum 2011 145 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Makedonien Altertum (DE-588)4393305-1 gnd rswk-swf Makedonien [Barrington p. 50] (DE-2581)TH000009887 gbd Makedonien Altertum (DE-588)4393305-1 g DE-604 Popovska, Natalija Verfasser aut Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481155&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481155&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Petrova Mitevska, Eleonora 1952- Popovska, Natalija Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4393305-1 |
| title | Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata |
| title_auth | Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata |
| title_exact_search | Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata |
| title_full | Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata [Eleonora Petrova Mitevska ; Natalija Popovska] |
| title_fullStr | Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata [Eleonora Petrova Mitevska ; Natalija Popovska] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antička Makedonija kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata [Eleonora Petrova Mitevska ; Natalija Popovska] |
| title_short | Antička Makedonija |
| title_sort | anticka makedonija kriticki priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata |
| title_sub | kritički priod kon interpretacijata na istorijata i istoriografijata |
| topic_facet | Makedonien Altertum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481155&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024481155&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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