Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą: nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Lithuanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
Tvermė
2007
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 479 S. Ill. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9986476410 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148479084199936 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Virgilijus Čepaitis
Su SĄJŪDŽIU
už LIETUVĄ
Nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11
TVERM Ė
TURINYS
PRATARMĖ 7
TURINYS 9
VIETOJE ĮŽANGOS 13
Namas Tilto gatvėje 14 • Troškimas keistis 17
I DALIS PERSITVARKYMO SĄJŪDIS
1 ATSIRADIMAS 25
Susirinkimas Mokslų Akademijos salėje 25 • 1988-ųjų pavasaris 27 • Asmeninis
apsisprendimas 29 • Pirmieji Iniciatyvinės grupės posėdžiai 31 • Susitikimas su
LKP CK sekretoriumi 34 • Kas valdo Lietuvą? 38 • Problemų virtinė 40 • Susitikimas
su LKP CK biuru 42 • Pirmasis iš didžiųjų mitingų 45
i
2 DAINUOJANTI REVOLIUCIJA? , 49
Informacijos blokada 49 • Valdžios galia ir žmonių argumentų jėga 51 • Trispalvė
virš Vingio parko 53 • Lietuvos Laisvės Lyga 57 • Mitingai eina per Lietuvą 59
• Kylantys skaudūs klausimai 62 • Kariuomenės apsuptyje 63
3 SLAPTIEJI PROTOKOLAI 67
Viešumo proveržis 67 • A Jakovlevo vizitas 70 • Rusai ir lenkai šalia mūsų 73
• Kaip vis dėlto paminėti Molotovo-Ribbentropo paktą? 77 • Vingio parke mūsų
- 250 000 81
4 PIRMOJI PRIEŠPRIEŠA 85
Badautojai Gedimino aikštėje 85 • Susitikimas su KGB vadovu 87 • Neteršk
Lietuvos! 89 • „Gyvybės žiedas ir „bananų balius 93 • Sąjūdis gina Lietuvos
Laisvės Lygą 99 • Valdžios nuolaidos Sąjūdžiui 101
5 POLITIKOS PRADŽIAMOKSLIS 107
„Laisvės sala 107 • Sąjūdis auga 109 • Iniciatyvinės grupės viduje 113 •
Pasirengimas Steigiamajam suvažiavimui 115 • Kertinis Sąjūdžio programos
klausimas 118 • Bendraujant su Rahvarinne ir Tautas fronte 121 • Paskutinės
Iniciatyvinės grupės dienos 124
6 STEIGIAMASIS SUVAŽIAVIMAS 127
Pirmoji diena 127 • Programiniai pranešimai 130 • Drugelio skrydis 133 •
Ypatingas vakaras 136 • Istorija kartojasi? 137 • Antroji diena 139 • Už kulisų
142 • Išrinktas Sąjūdžio Seimas ir Seimo taryba 144
L
TURINYS
7 VILTYS IR REALYBĖ J47
Santarvės iliuzija 147 • Baltijos judėjimai vienijasi 149 • Bendradarbiavimas su
LKP CK biuru 153 • Bandymas patraukti rusakalbius 155 • Baltarusiai ir Baltarusija
158 • Milijonas parašų prieš centrinės valdžios stiprinimą 160 • Pirmasis Sąjūdžio
ir LKP santykių etapas 164
II DALIS BALTIJOS KELIAS
8 POSTŪMIS Į DEŠINĘ 169
Sesija, paskatinusi Sąjūdį apsispręsti 169 • Moralinės nepriklausomybės pareiškimas
171 • Seimo tarybos vienybės deklaracija 276 • Sąjūdžio Seimas vertina padėtį 182
• „Politinis adventas 185 • Sąjūdis - naujas pilnavertis politinis subjektas 187
9 PRIESAIKA PRIE LAISVĖS ANGELO 191
Baltijos vienybė? 191 • Pirmas dalyvavimas rinkimuose 193 • Politinis pasirinkimas
-TSRS parlamentas 195 • Ir kompromisų mokykla 197 • Pirmieji Sąjūdžio užsienio
politikos žingsniai 201 • Vasario 16-osios priesaika 203 • Nuo „suvereniteto iki
„nepriklausomybės 207 • Reakcijos puolimas 209 • Žemdirbiai remia Sąjūdį 211
10 PIRMIEJI RINKIMAI TARYBŲ SĄJUNGOJE 217
Pasiūlymai tobulinti Tarybų Sąjungą 217 • Dviem frontais 220 • Rinkiminės
kampanijos ypatumai 222 • A Juozaitis prieš A Brazauską? 225 • Žvilgsnis iš
Vakarų 226 • Asmeninė patirtis 228 • Sąjūdžio pergalė! 231
11 JUDĖJIMAI TELKIA JĖGAS 237
Kelionė į Taliną 237 • „Gyvosios sienos idėja 239 • Dvi Baltijos Asamblėjos
dienos 241 • Po Asamblėjos 246 • Bendri veiksmai TSRS liaudies deputatų
suvažiavime 248 • „Lietuviškas maras 251 • Svarstant tolimesnius veiksmus 253
12 SĄJŪDIS KAIP ORGANIZACIJA 257
Programa 257 • Įstatai 259 • Sąjūdžio dalyviai 261 • Sąjūdžio grupė 262 • Seimas
263 • Seimo taryba 267 • Būstinė 269 • Spauda 273 • Lėšos 276
13 „BUNDA JAU BALTIJA 281
LKP ruošiasi valdyti nepriklausomą Lietuvą 281 • Tremtinių sugrįžimas 285 •
Karšta 1989-ųjų vasara 287 • Baltijos tarybos posėdis 289 • Dvi akcijos rugpjūčio
23-ajai paminėti 292 • „Jedinstva ruošiasi streikams 295 • „Baltijos kelias 298
• Baltijos kelio politinė reikšmė 301
III DALIS NEPRIKLAUSOMYBĖS SĄJŪDIS
14 PO „BALTIJOS KELIO 307
Kremlius grasina „katastrofiškais padariniais 307 • „Atgimimo bangos atsakymas
310 Baltijos taryba grėsmės metu 323 • Į pogrindį? 315 • Pasaulio parama 318
• Kova dėl rinkimų į LTSR Aukščiausiąją Tarybą datos 322
15 DARBŲ GRIŪTIS 325
„Naudojimasis laisve 325 • Estai planuoja ateities veiksmus 328 • Sąjūdžio
TURINYS
erozija? 330 • Ginčai dėl Lietuvos TSR pilietybės 332 • Vilnius-Kaunas-Cėsis-
Kretinga-Ryga-Minskas-Rokiškis 336 • Bandymai įteisinti Bažnyčios padėtį 343
16 1990-JŲ IŠVAKARĖSE 347
Sąjūdis ir Sąjūdžio žurnalistai 347 • 1989-ųjų gruodžio „atšilimas Maskvoje?
348 • Kandidatai į LTSR Aukščiausiąją Tarybą 351 • LKP atsiskyrimas 353 •
Sąjūdžio kaip „amžinosios opozicijos idėja 357 • Derybos su Solidarnošč 358 •
Lietuva, žvelgiant iš Vienos 361
17 SĄJŪDŽIO POLITIKA 367
Požiūris į ekonominį savarankiškumą 367 • Nepriklausomybė neišvengiama 369
• Ir „nepriklausomybės sąvokos išgryninimas 370 • Teisinis ir demokratinis kelias
373 • Tautinis klausimas 374 • Strateginiai tikslai 376 • Taktika 378 • Sąjūdis ir
Tarybų Sąjunga 381 • Sąjūdis ir užsienis 383 • Visų lietuvių vienybė 385
18 RINKIMAI, NULĖMĘ LIETUVOS ATEITĮ 389
Sąjūdis ir LKP dar kartą 389 • Dvi Sąjūdžio rinkiminės programos 391 • Ar reikia
LTSR prezidento? 393 • Lietuvos kelias 394 • Sąjūdžio partijos idėja 397 • Laikinoji
politinė-konsultacinė taryba ir paskutinė LTSR AT sesija 399 • LKP pretenzijos likti
valdžioje 402 • Aštri rinkiminė kampanija 404 • Pergalė jau pirmajame rate 407
19 LENKTYNĖS SU LAIKU 411
Kremlius bando stabdyti Lietuvą 411 • Sąjūdžio deputatai tariasi 413 • Svarstant
klubo reglamentą 426 • Kovo 11-osios darbotvarkė 418 • Ar Sąjūdis palaikys
savąją valdžią? 420 • Paskutiniai pasirengimai 422 • Pirmasis Aukščiausiosios
Tarybos posėdis 426 • Naktis prieš Kovo 11-ąją 428
20 KOVO 11-OJI 432
Aukščiausiosios Tarybos pirmininko rinkimai 432 • Trispalvė Aukščiausiosios Tarybos
salėje 436 • Svarstant Valstybės atstatymo Aktą ir jį lydinčius dokumentus 440 •
Vienas žodis, pakeitęs ateitį 443 • Balsavimas už Lietuvos nepriklausomybę 444
POST SCRIPTUM 452
PRIEDAI 453
SANTRUMPOS 455
SVARBIAUSIŲ ĮVYKIŲ CHRONOLOGIJA 457
SUMMARY 462
PADĖKOS 469
PAVARDŽIŲ RODYKLĖ 472
TURINYS
PRATARMÉ............................................... 7
TURINYS................................................ 9
VIETOJE J2ANGOS..................................... 13
Ñamas Tilto gatvéje 14 • Troskimas keistis 17
I DAUS. PERSITVARKYMO S4JÜDIS
1. ATSIRADIMAS................................................... 25
Susirinkimas Moksiq Akademijos saléje 25 • 1988-ijjq pavasaris 27 • Asmeninis apsisprendimas 29 • Pirmieji Iniciatyvinés grupés posédziai 31 • Susitikimas su LKP CK sekretoriumi 34 • Kas valdo Lietuv^P 38 • Problemq virtiné 40 • Susitikimas su LKP CK biuru 42 • Pirmasis is didziqjii mitingi* 45
2. DAINUOJANTI REVOLIUCIJA?...................................... 49
Informacijos blokada 49 • Valdzios galia ir zmoniq argumentq jéga 51 • Trispalvé virs Vingio parko 53 • Lietuvos Laisvés Lyga 57 • Mitingai eina per Lietuv^ 59
• Kylantys skaudüs klausimai 62 • Kariuomenés apsuptyje 63
3. SLAPTIEJI PROTOKOLAI.......................................... 67
Viesumo proverzis 67 • A. Jakovlevo vizitas 70 • Rusai ir lenkai salia müsq 73
• Kaip vis délto paminéti Molotovo-Ribbentropo pakt^P 77 • Vingio parke müsq - 250 000 81
4. PIRMOJI PRIE$PRIESA........................................... 85
Badautojai Gedimino aikstéje 85 • Susitikimas su KGB vadovu 87 • Netersk Lietuvos! 89 • „Gyvybés ziedas“ ir „bananq balius“ 93 * S^jüdis gina Lietuvos Laisvés Lyg4 99 • Valdzios nuolaidos S^jüdziui 101
5. POLITIKOS PRAD2IAMOKSLIS..................................... 107
„Laisvés sala“ 107 • S^jüdis auga 109 • Iniciatyvinés grupés viduje 113 • Pasirengimas Steigiamajam suvaziavimui 115 • Kertinis S^jüdzio programos klausimas 118 • Bendraujant su Rahvarinne ir Tautas fronte 121 • Paskutinés Iniciatyvinés grupés dienos 124
6. STEIGIAMASIS SUVA^IAVIMAS.................................... 127
Pirmoji diena 127 • Programiniai pranesimai 130 • Drugelio skrydis 133 • Ypatingas vakaras 136 • Istorija kartojasi? 137 • Antroji diena 139 • Uz kulistj 142 • Isrinktas S^jüdzio Seimas ir Seimo taryba 144
9
TURINYS
7. VILTYS IR REALYBÉ ........................................... 147
Santarvés iliuzija 147 • Baltijos judéjimai vienijasi 149 • Bendradarbiavimas su LKP CK biuru 153 • Bandymas patraukti rusakalbius 155 • Baltarusiai ir Baltarusija 158 • Milijonas parasq pries centrinés valdzios stiprinim^ 160 • Pirmasis S^jüdzio ir LKP santykin etapas 164
II DALIS. BALTIJOS KELIAS
8. POSTÜMIS l DESlNL............................................ 169
Sesija, paskatinusi S^jüdj apsispr^sti 169 • Moralinés nepriklausomybés pareiskimas 171 • Seimo tarybos vienybés deklaracija 176 • S^jüdzio Seimas vertina padétj 182
• „Politinis adventas“ 185 • S^jüdis — naujas pilnavertis politinis subjektas 187
9. PRIES AIKA PRIE L AIS VES ANGELO ............................ 191
Baltijos vienybé? 191 • Pirmas dalyvavimas rinkimuose 193 • Politinis pasirinkimas — TSRS parlamentas 195 • Ir kompromisq mokykla 197 • Pirmieji S^jüdzio uzsienio politikos zingsniai 201 • Vasario 16-osios priesaika 203 • Nuo „suvereniteto“ iki „nepriklausomybés“ 207 • Reakcijos puolimas 209 • ¿emdirbiai remia S^jüdj 211
10. PIRMIEJI RINKIMAI TARYBIJ SAJUNGOJE.......................... 217
Pasiülymai tobulinti Tarybq S^jung^ 217 • Dviem frontais 220 • Rinkiminés kampanijos ypatumai 222 • A. Juozaitis pries A. Brazauskq? 225 • Zvilgsnis is Vakarq 226 • Asmeniné patirtis 228 • S^jüdzio pergalé! 231
11. JUDÉJIMAI TELKIA JÉGAS....................................... 237
Kelioné j Talin^ 237 * „Gyvosios sienos“ idéja 239 • Dvi Baltijos Asambléjos dienos 241 • Po Asambléjos 246 • Bendri veiksmai TSRS liaudies deputatq suvaziavime 248 • „Lietuviskas maras“ 251 • Svarstant tolimesnius veiksmus 253
12. SAJÜDIS KAIP ORGANIZACIJA.................................... 257
Programa 257 • Jstatai 259 • S^jüdzio dalyviai 261 • Sqjüdzio grupé 262 • Seimas 263 • Seimo taryba 267 • Büstiné 269 • Spauda 273 • Lésos 276
13. „BUNDA JAU BALTIJA“.......................................... 281
LKP ruosiasi valdyti nepriklausom^ Lietuv^ 281 * Tremtinin sugrjzimas 285 • Karsta 1989-qji4 vasara 287 • Baltijos tarybos posédis 289 • Dvi akcijos rugpjücio 23-ajai paminéti 292 • „Jedinstva“ ruosiasi streikams 295 • „Baltijos kelias“ 298
• Baltijos kelio politiné reiksmé 301
III DALIS. NEPRIKLAUSOMYBÉS S4JÜDIS
14. PO „BALTIJOS KELIO“.......................................... 307
Kremlius grasina „katastrofiskais padariniais“ 307 • „Atgimimo bangos“ atsakymas 310 * Baltijos taryba grésmés metu 313 • J pogrindj? 315 * Pasaulio parama 318
• Kova dél rinkimij j LTSR Auksciausi^j^ Taryb^ datos 322
15. DARBIJ GRIÜTIS............................................... 325
„Naudojimasis laisve“ 325 • Estai planuoja ateities veiksmus 328 • S^jüdzio
10
TURINYS
erozija? 330 • Gincai del Lietuvos TSR pilietybes 332 * Vilnius-Kaunas-Cesis-Kretinga-Ryga-Minskas-Rokiskis 336 • Bandymai ¿teisinti Baznycios padetj 343
16, 1990-JU 1$ VAK ARES E............................................. 347
S^jüdis ir Sqjüdzio zurnalistai 347 • 1989-qjij gruodzio „atsilimas“ Maskvoje? 343 • Kandidatai j LTSR Auksciausi^j^ Taryb^ 352 • LKP atsiskyrimas 353 • S^jüdzio kaip „amzinosios opozicijos“ ideja 357 * Derybos su Solidarnosc 358 • Lietuva, zvelgiant is Vienos 361
17. S4JOD2IO POLITIKA................................................. 367
Poziüris i ekonominj savarankiskum^ 367 • Nepriklausomybe neisvengiama 369 * Ir „nepriklausomybes“ s^vokos isgryninimas 370 • Teisinis ir demokratinis kelias 373 • Tautinis klausimas 374 • Strateginiai tikslai 376 • Taktika 378 • S^jüdis ir Tarybn S^junga 381 • S^jüdis ir uzsienis 383 • Visit lietuviit vienybe 385
IS. RINKIM AI, NULEM^ LIETUVOS ATEITJ................................. 389
S^jüdis ir LKP dar kart^ 389 • Dvi S^jüdzio rinkimines programos 391 • Ar reikia LTSR prezidento? 393 * Lietuvos kelias 394 • S^jüdzio partijos ideja 397 • Laikinoji politine-konsultacine taryba ir paskutine LTSR AT sesija 399 • LKP pretenzijos likti valdzioje 402 • Astri rinkimine kampanija 404 * Pergale jau pirmajame rate 407
19. LENKTYNES SU LAIKU................................................ 411
Kremlius bando stabdyti Lietuv^. 421 • S^jüdzio deputatai tariasi 423 * Svarstant klubo reglament^ 416 • Kovo 11-osios darbotvarke 418 • Ar S^jüdis palaikys savqj4 valdzi^P 420 • Paskutiniai pasirengimai 422 • Pirmasis Auksciausiosios
Tarybos posedis 426 • Naktis pries Kovo ll-qj^ 428
20. KOVO 11-OJI........................................... 431
Auksciausiosios Tarybos pirmininko rinkimai 432 • Trispalve Auksciausiosios Tarybos sale je 436 • Svarstant Valstybes atstatymo Akt^ ir jj lydincius dokumentus 440 • Vienas zodis, pakeit^s ateitj 443 • Balsavimas uz Lietuvos nepriklausomybe 444
POST SCRIPTUM............................................. 452
PRIED AI...................................................453
SANTRUMPOS................................................ 455
SVARBIAUSiy JVYKiy CHRONOLOGIJA........................... 457
SUMMARY................................................... 461
PADEKOS................................................... 469
PAVARDXiy RODYKLE......................................... 471
11
SUMMARY
,Witb Sqjudis for Lithuania9 presents the history of the Lithuanian Reform Movement — Sqjudis. It begins with the emergence of this movement on June 3, 1988 and ends with the 11th of March, 1990, when the Supreme Council of Lithuania adopted the Declaration on the Re-Establishment of the Independent State of Lithuania.
I myself joined Sqjudis at the very beginning, as a member of the Initiative Group. But my main contribution and experience in Sqjudis was as an acting member of the Sqjudis Seimas’ Council, and as the executive secretary of the Sqjudis movement. Thus the story here is based to a large extent on my personal reminiscences and notes. But it is also supported by other sources: reports and articles in mass media, various information from Saudis’ newsletters and documented records, as well as the memoirs of the participants of those events.
The book consists of three parts. The first part, ,The Movement for Perestroika deals with the emergence of the Saudis movement and its activity during the first four months. Sqjudis was born as a movement for the democratization of Lithuanian society with its goals for ’glasnost* and autonomy in economics, political, national and other fields. On June 3, 1988, an Initiative Group of 35 members was elected during a public discussion about the perspectives of Perestroika in the Main Hall of the Academy of Science. The group consisted of scientists, philosophers, economists, writers, artists, and those who had previously joined the movements of the Greens, the Protection of Cultural Heritage, and the Philosophers’ and Young Economists’ Clubs.
Within a few days, Sqjudis’ support groups were organized at first in Vilnius, then in Kaunas. Gradually such groups emerged almost in all regions of Lithuania. The impulse for the establishment of such groups was the dissemination of Sqjudis’ ideas, mainly during the first large rally attended by 30,000 people, which was organized on June 24, 1988, in the Cathedral Square in Vilnius. The national tricolor, forbidden by the Soviets, was unfolded at that time. Despite the Perestroika slogans used in the official speeches of the Initiative Group members, before long, people understood and felt that the main goal of the
461
SUMMARY
S^judis movement was the re-establishment of the Lithuanian State. The Tricolor, the State Emblem and the Anthem, which were manifest during all the Sqjudis rallies as well as the historical openness, were symbolic messages which each Lithuanian living under Soviet control understood as a way toward freedom. A politically significant rally was held on 23 August, 1988, commemorating the anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. According to the secret protocols of this Pact, Lithuania fell into the hands of Soviet Union in 1940. More than 200,000 people gathered in Vilnius to celebrate the official disclosure of the Soviet-Nazi pact, and to commemorate the mass deportations, massacres, and destruction of the Lithuanian State that arose from it.
Although the leaders of the Lithuanian Communist Party (LCP) were hostile to the emergence of S^judis at the beginning of October; 1988, the relations between S^judis and the LCP eventually reached a balance. The Central Committee of the LCP allowed S^judis to hold a Founding Congress on October 22-23, 1988. The S^judis movement at that time already had more than 200,000 enlisted members. The Founding Congress elected the S^judis Parliament, called the S^judis Seimas (220 members), which in turn elected the S^judis Seimas Council (35 members). The Council guided the political strategy of the Movement, and was the main decision-maker. Half of the members or the Sqjudis Seimas Council were Communist Party members; the other half did not belong to the Party. Every decision was first discussed during the meetings of the Council and voted on. The voting results of the Council were to be treated as a political consensus. The most important decisions were usually confirmed at the meetings of the Sqjudis Seimas. Those were the main guidelines of S^judis’ politics. The members of the Sajudis Seimas also formed commissions to deal with political matters, ethnic issues, ecology, economy, culture, and foreign affairs. I would emphasize that, in my opinion, the Sajudis Seimas grew to be an excellent school of parliamentarism.
The Founding Congress was significant not only in the establishing of Sqjudis as a political movement, but also in clarifying its policy. Initially, its goal was seeking a wider autonomy from Moscow within the framework of Perestroika. However, gradually Sqjudis’ rhetoric began to change, and this change was reflected even in its official documents. Already at the Founding Congress several delegates openly demanded independence and were loudly applauded by the delegates, though in the Sqjudis Program, which was adopted by the Congress, the term sovereignty’ was used instead of independence’. This term was identical to the one used in the Constitution of the Soviet Union. At that time even the Sajudis leaders were cautious when using the word independence’. But a year later - in the summer of 1989 — the term became official.
The second part of the book, ,The Baltic Way describes the coordination of politics and activities between the Sajudis movement and the Popular Fronts of Estonia and Latvia. The activities of Sajudis during the period of November 1988 — August 1989 are presented here.
462
SUMMARY
On November 8, 1988, the first meeting of leaders of the three Baltic movements took place. The decision to hold the Baltic Assembly — the joint meeting of the elected bodies of all three Baltic movements- was reached here. At the Baltic Assembly in Tallinn on May 13-14, 1989, the representatives of the Baltic movements adopted an appeal to the Heads of States, who were the members of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. This appeal stated that the representatives of the Popular Fronts of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are ,in full confidence that the government of the USSR will, during this current year, renounce and declare null and void from the very moment of signing (ex tunc) the Agreements of August 23d and September 28th, 1939, together with the secret protocols, concluded between the Stalinist regime of the USSR and the German Reich, concerning political transformations in Eastern Europe, and will not prevent the restoration of state sovereignty and with the participation of plenipotentiary representatives of three peoples, appeal [...] to heed the aspiration of our nations to self-determination and independence’ (Lithuanian Way, VoL 1, Vilnius, 1990, p. 91).
The political activities of the three Baltic movements were focused mainly on the denunciation of the Soviet-Nazi Pact. The culmination of this activity was reached on August 23, 1989, at the demonstration on the 50th anniversary of the Soviet-Nazi Pact. The Baltic Council - joint leadership of Sqjudis and the Popular Fronts of Estonia and Latvia - organized the ,Baltic Way’, a 650 kilometer-long human chain extending from Tallinn to Vilnius, in which over 2,000,000 people participated. This event was supported by signatures collected for an appeal to the governments of the Soviet Union, the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, and the Secretary General of the United Nations (a total of 1,576,569 signatures were collected in Lithuania alone ). The demands, that the governments of the USSR, FRG, and GDR should proclaim the secret protocols of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact to be invalid from the very date of their signing’ and ,the Soviet Union should eliminate the consequences of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and withdraw its occupying army from the Baltic States’ (Atgimimas, 1989 07 28) were presented in it.
Structurally, Sqjudis was as an umbrella organization for various political parties and NGO’s. Some of them, such as the political parties of Christian Democrats and Social Democrats, organizations such as the Scouts, Ateitininkai, Sauliai, and others, which had been active during the period of independence 1918-1940, were re-established. Others appeared as new political and NGO movements: the Union of Deportees and various organizations, such as youth, workers, women, farmers, computer operators, associations of ethnic minorities, and others of the kind. In the atmosphere of Sqjudis’ politics the Soviet organizations, such as Writers, Artists, Composers’ Unions, separated from the centralized Moscow structures.
463
SUMMARY
But Sqjudis was not the only political organization in Lithuania. Although the dominant body was the Lithuanian Communist Party, the Lithuanian Freedom league, which emerged from the underground, was no less influential. In opposition to Sqjudis there was the Interfront movement Jedinstvo’.
All of Sqjudis’ activities were carried out by people who devoted their time and services voluntarily. An administrative staff was established on April 1st, 1989, when the movement was officially registered. The Secretariat never exceeded 10 persons in Vilnius and 1 person in each district. This was the paid staff of Sqjudis. At the very beginning Sqjudis had no financial resources, and a bank account was opened under the name of one member of the Initiative Group. Its number was announced during the first rally in June, 1988, and 3,010 rubles were collected for the initial deposit. It was raining at that time, and people simply put money into the umbrellas which were being passed around. By the end of August, 1988, the bank account had grown to 57,588 rubles and by March 11, 1990, it reached 2,514,900 rubles. Two main sources of funds were donations by individuals and by State enterprises, including collective farms. More than three fifths of Saudis’ income (1,559,600 rubles) was contributed by various individuals. Many former deportees donated the compensation received from the Soviet government for incurred loses. Donations from State enterprises were received during a short period from October until the end of December, 1988. Later, the LCP leaders cut all the donations from State organizations. Substantial help was also received from organizations and individuals of the Lithuanian communities abroad. Their support came in the form of equipment, books, and funds for the election campaigns. They also financed the travels of Sqjudis’ leaders to various countries so they could present the Lithuanian goal of independence.
All these various financial resources made it possible to formulate an independent Sqjudis policy. They also made it possible for S^judis to have its own mass media from the very beginning. ,Sqjudzio zinios’ was the first bulletin published illegally, using copy machines. The S^judis weekly ,Atgimimas’ was officially published only in September of 1988. Two months later the Communist Party allowed S^judis a one-hour weekly live TV broadcast. The Sqjudis’ groups in different regions also tried to overcome official communist propaganda by publishing their own newspapers. In 1989 there were more than 700 newspapers being published in Lithuania. It was like an explosion after fifty years of censorship. As well as Lithuanian newspapers, Sqjudis published 30,000 copies of a Russian version of the weekly paper ,Atgimimas’ — ,Vozrozhdenye’ — and 40,000 copies of the newspaper ,Soglasye’ in 40,000. It was possible to buy them in Lithuania, but they were mainly distributed in the all regions of the Soviet Union by mail and by the thousands of Lithuanians who visited the Soviet Union on private or business affairs. With the support of Sqjudis, the Ukrainian Popular Front and other liberation movements printed in Lithuania more than
464
SUMMARY
50 different newspapers in Ukrainian, 83 newspapers were printed by Russian democratic organizations, as well as papers by the Byelorussian Popular Front and others. Even the Popular Front of Sakhalin published its bulletin in Vilnius. Due to all their activities, Sqjudis and the Popular Fronts of Estonia and Latvia became politically explicit forces in the USSR, and the Baltic question was being discussed internationally.
The third part of the book, ,The Movement for Independence% presents the main events of the period between August 23, 1989, and March 11, 1990. This was the time of the final decision toward the re-establishment of the independent State.
The third part begins with the description of the reaction to the ,Baltic Way’ — the peaceful demonstration of August 23, 1989, which generated a strong negative response from Aloscow. The daily ,Pravda’ printed a statement of the Central Committee of the CPSU which contained threats to the Baltic republics: ,The instigators of the events of August 23, 1989, tried to whip society into a state of nationalistic hysteria. [...] It went too far. The fate of the Baltic nations is in danger. People should understand toward what sort of abyss the nationalistic leaders are trying to push them. If they should execute their goals, the consequences for the nations could be catastrophic. Even further existence of those nations could become questionable’ (Tlpaeda, 1989 08 27).
In those days Gorbachev made two phone calls to Brazauskas. During the meeting of the Sqjudis leadership and the First Secretary of the LCP, Brazauskas repeated the words of the General Secretary of the CPSU, that ,in the future we will not allow anti-constitutional activities and decisions. None of the republics will ever, ever leave the Federation. It will not be allowed. You have to snap out of it. Your S^judis has exceeded all limits. (...) The world is laughing loudly at your efforts. The world is seeking a balance of political power. Events in the Baltics are pushing us to an abyss’. (From author’s archive.)
However, the publicity and permanent pressure of the Baltic Popular Fronts produced results. The First Congress of the People’s Deputies of the USSR on June 10, 1989, established the ,Commission for Evaluation of the Non-aggression Pact between Soviet Union and Germany’ headed by Alexander Yakovlev. The Second Congress, on December 24, 1989, in the Resolution on the Political and Legal Assessment of the 1939 Non-aggression Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany’, declared the secret protocols to this agreement to be legally ,untenable and invalid from the moment they were signed’. This Resolution also stated that the secret protocols were used by the USSR ,to declare ultimatums and to put pressure on other states, which was in violation of the legal obligations undertaken with respect to them’ (H3eecmuH, 1989 12 25). The Second Congress of the People’s Deputies not only confirmed that the secret protocols of the Soviet-Nazi Pact existed, but also stated that the Soviet Union thereby breached treaties with Lithuania signed in 1920, 1926, and 1939. This declaration was
465
SUMMARY
made at the end of 1989, when the campaign for elections to the Supreme Council of Lithuania began. Thus, when the Kremlin confirmed the existence of the Protocols and acknowledged their consequences to the Baltic States, a democratically elected legislature to re-establish the Lithuanian State became possible.
The political concept of juridical re-establishment of an independent state was the top concern of the leaders of the three Baltic movements. Emphasis was placed on four main points: 1) to win the elections and to form the government; 2) to consolidate power on the regional and municipal levels; 3) to establish economic autonomy promised by the Kremlin, which would permit a strengthening of the economy and would create favorable conditions for the declaration of independence; 4) to re-establish the independent states.
This schedule had to be modified at the beginning of 1990. The USSR authorities were obstructing all efforts to establish an economic autonomy. In Azerbaijan, using ethnic conflict between Azerbaijanis and Armenians as a pretext, Moscow sent in troops to crack down on all the Popular Front groups. The Soviet leadership unexpectedly decided to convene an extraordinary meeting of the Congress of the People’s Deputies. The Congress had to adopt a law on secession of the republics, although the right to secede was declared in the Soviet Constitution of 1977, which in the Article 72 stated that ,each Republic of the Union shall retain the right to freely secede from the USSR (Constitution [Fundamental Law] of The Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, Moscow, 1980, p. 56). The extraordinary session of the Congress appointed on March 14, 1990, had to adopt the Law of Secession, under which secession would be so restricted as to make it practically impossible.
At that time in Lithuania the election campaign to the new Supreme Council — Parliament — was under way. Sqjudis decided to preempt the law of secession being prepared in Moscow by declaring independence. February 24, 1990 was designated as the election date, the run-offs were conducted on March 10. At Sqjudis’ request, the chairman of the Republics Election Commission decided to advance the date of the run-off elections. Run-offs occurred between the 4th and the 10th of March. This was the first multi-party election in the history of the USSR, and a total of 522 candidates competed for 141 seats. During the first round of balloting Sqjudis won 72 seats out of 90, and finally won 99 seats, the LCP — 24, communists loyal to Moscow — 6, independents — 5. These elections were observed by parliamentarians from Canada, Poland, Germany, Austria, and the staffers of the U. S. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Soviet authorities did not allow American congressmen to visit Lithuania on the day of the elections. They were allowed to come the following day. The victory of Saudis provided the two-thirds quorum needed for constitutional actions.
The newly elected Parliament assembled late in the evening of March 10th for the formal opening of the session. After the opening, the Sqjudis faction met
466
SUMMARY
in one of the rooms of the Parliament. After a long discussion, which lasted until 2 am, the final decision was reached: to adopt the Act of the Reestablishment of the Independent Republic of Lithuania at the next session, on the following day.
Several versions of this Act were discussed at the S^judis meetings, beginning with the autumn of 1989. Saudis’ politicians and lawyers worked together with the Deputy-Chairman of the Lithuanian World Community, Algimantas Gureckas, and consulted with the charge-d’affaires of Lithuania in Washington, Stasys Lozoraitis. The basis of the Act is the emphasis on the continuity of the Independent Lithuanian Republic of 1918. The Act maintains that according to international law the State of Lithuania existed continuously, and its sovereignty was only temporarily interrupted’.
On March 11, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, such was its official name, elected the Chairman of the S^judis Seimas Council, Prof. Vytautas Landsbergis as Chairman of the Parliament. The vote for Landsbergis was 91, to 38 for Algirdas Brazauskas, the Secretary of the LCP. Later Parliament dropped the designation of ,Soviet’ and Socialist’ from the official title of the Lithuanian Republic and covered the emblem of Soviet Lithuania in the Parliament hall with the national Tricolor. The Act of the Re-establishment of the State of Lithuania was passed by 124 votes in favor, none against, and 6 abstentions. It declared:
,The Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania, expressing the will of the nation, decrees and solemnly proclaims that the execution of the sovereign powers of the State of Lithuania, abolished by foreign forces in 1940, is reestablished, and henceforth Lithuania is again an independent state:
The Act of Independence of 16 February 1918 of the Council of Lithuania and the constituent Assembly decree of 15 May 1920 on the re-established democratic State of Lithuania never lost their legal effect and comprise the constitutional foundation of the State of Lithuania.
The territory of Lithuania is whole and indivisible, and the Constitution of no other State is valid on it.
The State of Lithuania stresses its adherence to universally recognized principles of international law, recognizes the principle of inviolability of borders as formulated in the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in Helsinki in 1975, and guarantees human, civil, and ethnic community rights.
The Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania, expressing sovereign power, by this Act begins to realize the complete sovereignty of the state’ (The Road to Negotiations with the U.S.S.R. Vol. 1. March 1990-May 1991, Vilnius, 1991, p. 70).
The Parliament also employed legal procedures canceling the validity of the Constitution of the USSR and other laws of the USSR in the territory of Lithuania
467
SUMMARY
and renewed the Constitution of Lithuania of 1938. In a subsequent order this Constitution was replaced by the Temporary Constitution, which had been prepared by the Sqjudis commission. On March 11, 1990, Lithuania became an Independent State. The phrase from the Act that it,begins to realize the complete sovereignty’ confirms this.
The following month, the Act of the Re-establishment of the State of Lithuania was followed by Latvian and Estonian Independence Declarations.
468
PADEKOS
Si knyga nebütq pasirodziusi, jei ne daugelio zmoniq parama.
Nuosirdziai dekoju Kaziui Almenui, palaikiusiam sios knygos idejq ir skai-ciusiam jq dar rankrastyje. Beje, isejus is politikos, pastarqjj desimtmetj jo ini-ciatyvos deka su juo teko kartu dirbti leidybinj darbq. Taip pat dekoju senam biciuliui Algimantui Nasvyciui, padejusiam prisiminti nugrimzdusius j uzmarstj faktus. Aciü uz pastabas ir pirmqjq skyriq pirmajai skaitytojai Elonai Vaisnie-nei. Dekoju Broniui Savukynui, pasiülusiam zurnale „Kultüros barai“ isspaus-dinti pirmqjq sios knygos dalp leskant iliustracijq knygai daug pagelbejo Lietuvos Nacionalinio muziejaus direktore Birute Kulnyte ir jos bendradarbes Irena Mi-kuliciene bei Jürate Gudaite, Lietuvos gyventojq Genocido muziejaus direktorius Eugenijus Peikstenis ir muziejaus bendradarbe Vilma Juozeviciüte, LR Seimo Informacijq technologijos departamento direktorius Jonas Milerius ir LR Seimo archyvo darbuotoja Rita Jakavoniene, „Atgimimo“ redaktore Indre Makaraityte, leidusi naudotis redakcijos archyvu. Ypac dekoju fotografams Zinui Kazenui, Andriui Petruleviciui ir Klaudijui Driskiui, atverusiems savo to meto nuotraukq fondus. Dekoju gyvenantiems uzsienyje lietuviams, atsiuntusiems visq pluostq nuotraukq apie jq paramos Lietuvai demonstracijas, ypac Reginai Narusienei, Ingai Lukaviciütei, Danielai Draugelis, Alfonsui Dzikui. Tik dalis nuotraukq tilpo j knygq. Dekoju Marai Almenas uz santraukos anglq kalba redagavimq.
Si knyga nebütq pasirodziusi be nuosirdaus, visq pusmetj trukusio dailininkes Audrones Martinaitytes ir maketuotojo Giedriaus Kubiliaus triüso. Jie kantriai ir kruopsciai dirbo, suteikdami siai knygai galutinj pavidalq. Dekoju BMK lei-dyklai ir spaustuvei, isspausdinusiems pirmuosius knygos egzempliorius, ir jos darbuotojams Eglei Malukienei bei Linui Mikucioniui.
Taip pat noreciau padekoti Tarptautines Zmogaus teisiq draugijos (IGFM) na-rei Katrin Bornmüller uz paramq sudetingu metu ir Japonijos Chubu universiteto profesorei Sachiko Hatanaka, padejusiai isspausdinti mano straipsnj apie Sqjüdj ir pasiüliusiai dalyvauti rasant knygq apie Lietuvq, isejusi^ 2006 m. Japonijoje.
O svarbiausia, noriu padekoti savo zmonai Auksei, kuri istvere visus tuos metus, palaike rasant knygq, o jq baigus redagavo kalbq. Is visos sirdies dekoju visiems artimiesiems, draugams — ir nepazjstamiems zmonems, kurie buvo salia.
469
PAVARDZiy RODYKLÈ
Abisalas Aleksandras Algirdas 264, 265, 298, 415, 416, 421, 423-425, 427, 445 Abraityte Laima 264 Adamkus Valdas 286 Adamovic Ales 159, 340 Adomaitis Regimanras 32, 71, 115, 264, 385 Adomaitis Ricardas 264 Adomonis Vidmantas 60 Afanasjev Jurij 249 Akanovicius Stanislavas 445 Aksionov A. 29 Aksomaitis Povilas 445 x41eksandravic/us Petras 15 Alisauskas Vytautas 264 Alksnis Viktoras 247
Aliulis Vaclovas 115, 135, 136, 144, 145, 181, 182, 264, 268, 274, 312, 340, 343, 344, 399, 400
Almenas Kazys 30, 227, 235, 467 Aimenas Mara 467 Alminas Kazys 264 Ambrazaityte Nijole 445 Ambrazevicius Aleksandras 427, 445 Amiradzibi Cabua 327 Andersson Sten 338
Andreika Algimantas 79, 86, 98-100, 288 Andrej ev N. 320 Andrejeva Janina 87 Andrejeva Nina 27, 28 Andre )cvas Julius 264 Andrikiene Laima Liucija 395, 445 Andriukaitis Vytenis Povilas 400, 420, 445 Andropov Jurij 39 Andrukaitiene Irena 427, 445 Angarietis Zigmas 21 Aniulis Arturas 264 Antanaitis Bronius 264, 422 Antanaitis Vaidotas 140, 145, 248, 264, 268, 412, 421, 433
Antanavicius Kazimieras 117, 134, 145, 172, 177, 184, 194, 199, 224, 228, 245, 264, 268, 342, 349, 356, 385, 388, 391, 395, 403, 417, 418, 420, 423-425, 432, 445 An usauskas Arvydas 188, 190, 211, 216
Anuzis Leonardas 264 Apsega Leonas 445 Arjakas Küíío 253, 289, 338 Arlauskas Mykolas 445 Astrauskas Rimantas 61, 445 Astrauskas Vytautas 42, 104, 137, 169, 172, 202, 206, 223, 231, 232, 310, 323, 324, 393
Augus Antanas 27, 28, 48 Azubaiis Audronius 303, 304, 324, 365, 366, 390, 404
Babicev Vladimir 105 Bairasevskis Mensaidas 264, 376 Baker James 378
Balakauskas Osvaldas 115, 140, 145, 238, 264, 268, 391
Balcerowicz Leszek 359
Balcevicius Zbignevas 441, 445
Baldisis Vilius 445
Balezentis Alvydas 211, 212, 214
Balikiené Brigita 47, 50, 66, 83
Balsys Linas 313
Baltakis Algimantas 15
Baltinas Edmundas 88, 402
Baltrünas Valerijonas 209, 230, 232, 324
Baltusis Juozas 15, 16, 197
Bañeres Jordi 388
Baranauskas Vytautas 16
Baranauskas Marius 48
Baravykas Gediminas 14
Barkauskas Marius 48
Bartusevicius Antanas 86
Bartusevicius Raimondas 264
Basanavicius Jonas 129
Bastys Juozas 212
Batüra Romas 280
Bauzyté Nijole Angelé 264
Bemortas Julius 264, 417, 445
Belskyté Elena 145
Bendinskas Aleksandras 420
Berija Lavrentij 108
Beriozovas Vladimiras 198, 201, 225, 227, 230, 234, 324, 356, 399, 403, 406, 425, 426, 445
471
pavard2iv rodyklé
Berklavs Eduards 150 Bezymenskij Lev 91
Bickauskas Egidijus 224, 249, 333, 349, 417, 423, 439, 445
Bieliauskas Vytautas 134, 385
Bykou Vasil 340
Bildt Carl 319, 362
Blaikie Bill 407
Bobelis Kazys 284
Bogusis Vytautas 20, 28, 100
Bojárs Juris 349
Bornmüller Katrin 367
Bossi Umberto 384
Brazas Alfonsas 357
Brazauskas Algirdas Mykolas 38, 42, 45-48, 52, 54, 57, 79, 89, 91, 99, 105, 106, 111, 124, 129, 130, 132, 135, 137, 141, 148, 151, 153, 154, 162, 164, 165, 169, 171, 176, 188, 190, 194, 198-201, 206, 209, 213, 215, 225-227, 230, 231, 234, 235, 243, 249, 283, 289, 296, 303, 309, 310, 321, 323, 324, 353-356, 390, 391, 393, 394, 402-404, 406, 410, 412, 414, 420, 422, 424, 426, 432-437, 442, 445, 456, 463, 465
Brazdzionis Bernardas 286 Braziulis Gintautas 264 Brazénas Petras 72 Brédikis Vytautas 264
Breznev Leonid 14, 40, 58, 100, 119, 217 Bronstein Michail 29 Browes Pauline 407 Bubelis Rimgaudas 410, 429 Bubnys Vytautas 15, 25, 28, 32, 48, 136, 145, 264, 268
Budreika Eduardas 17
Bulavas Juozas 25, 32, 48, 78, 81, 114, 117, 144, 166, 264, 351, 421, 423, 426-428, 431, 436 Bunys Artüras 16
Buracas Antanas 25, 27, 32, 34, 38, 77, 78, 80, 91, 92, 102, 114, 132, 135, 136, 145, 153, 155, 200, 264, 268, 284, 308 Burdenko Oktiabr 220, 229 Burokevicius Mykolas 412 Bush Georg 319, 339, 350, 364 Busila Rimantas 106 Büténas Vladas 48
Butkevicius Audrius 133, 140, 208, 238, 264, 335, 391, 399, 415, 445 Butkus Alvydas 123, 264 Chrusciov Nikita 13, 30, 31, 39 Cidzikas Petras 20, 78, 79, 83, 85, 86, 98, 107, 140, 148 Cox Cristopher 407 Cvetkov A. 70 Cebrikov Viktor 105
Cekuolis Algimantas 15, 28, 32, 34-36, 43, 71, 99, 104, 114, 127, 143, 145, 199, 231, 264, 268, 356, 378
Cepaitis Virgilijus Juozas 15, 32, 76, 102, 117, 123, 145, 224, 227, 228, 264, 268, 269, 280, 317, 324, 329, 388, 391, 400, 414, 417-419, 423, 445 Cepas Vytautas 264, 435 Cepénas Pranas 146 Cepleviciütè Valé 66 Ceponis Medardas 115, 343 Ceponis Vytautas 264 Cernenko A. 190
Cerniauskas Kçstutis 357, 410, 429 Cesnavicius Aieksandras 15 Cesnavicius Jonas 26 Ciulevicius Jonas 212 Cobotas Medardas 412, 436, 445 Damanskis Arvydas 106, 337 Danos Jänis 361 Dapkuté Rita 387 Daubaras Albinas 264 Daugéla Kazimieras 143 Daugéla Stasys 264 Dauknys Algirdas 78, 80
Daunoras Vaclovas 32, 46, 47, 124, 140, 246 Degutis Algirdas 53, 66, 78, 207, 215, 410 Degutis Arünas 445 Deprez Gérard 362
Dobryninas Aieksandras 346, 410, 429
Dobuzinskis Mstislavas 14, 17
Domarkas Vladas 403
Drac Ivan 397
Draugelis Daniela 302, 467
Dringelis Juozas 445
Dnskius Klaudijus 83, 128, 139, 370, 467
Dukes Alan 362
Dunduliené Prané 143
Durbin Richard 407
Durnovo Piotr 138
Dzidolikas Juozas 139
Dziegoraitis Algimantas 333
Dzikas Alfonsas 467
Dzugasvili Josif 312
Eder Georg 327
Eismuntas Eduardas 78, 88, 93, 104, 106, 164, 198, 199, 221, 402 Endriukaitis Algirdas 445 Federavicius L. 72 Ferensas Algirdas 181 Fliss Jesse 407 Fredén Lars 384 Freimanis Janis 202 Gabrenas Petras 209, 215 Gagiliené Janina 106 Gaidamenskiené Aldona 106 Gaigals Jams 129 Gaizauskaité Violeta 346, 365 Gajauskas Balys 79, 445 Galinaityté Júrate 166 Ganowicz Ryszard 359 Ganusauskas Edmundas 48 Gasciûnas Kazys 264
472
PAVARD^iy RODYKLÉ
Geda Sigitas 32, 55, 82, 145, 231, 264, 268, 385
Gelazius Jonas 99 Gelubauskas Kazys 194 Genys Kestutis 140 Gentvilas Eugenijus 264, 445 Genzelis Bronius 16-19, 25, 26,32, 42, 48, 61, 70, 74, 92, 99-102, 104, 105, 114, 132, 135, 145, 155, 182, 194, 198, 199, 233, 235, 264, 268, 282, 324, 337, 349, 354, 390, 402, 437, 445 Gerdaityté MigJute 432,445 Geremek Bronislaw 358, 445 Gerndorff Kostei 381 Gerzonas Vitalijus 99, 101, 166, 399 Gibas Gintaras 264 Giedraitis Aifonsas 212, 214 Giedraitis Stanislovas 212 Gylys Povilas 426, 429 Giniotas Petras 445 Girdziünas Kazys 264 Girnius Kestutis 355, 366 Glaveckas Kestutis 390, 425, 426, 445 Glinskis Leonas-Vytautas 62, 264 Godmanis Ivars 289, 328, 339 Golovkov Anatolij 320, 324 Gorbaciov Michail 13, 14, 16, 28, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 52, 58, 62, 68, 71-73, 90, 91, 104, 105, 109, 119, 121, 129, 137, 146, 150, 151, 154, 163, 134, 181, 183, 186, 188, 189, 193, 201, 204, 207, 210, 215, 217, 226, 232, 234, 243, 249, 250, 267, 273, 288, 296, 297, 308-310, 313, 315, 319-321, 333, 339, 349-351, 355-357, 361, 363, 364, 367, 374, 376, 379, 380, 381, 384, 388, 407, 411, 414, 423, 425, 458, 463
Gorbunovs Anatolijs 105, 123, 282, 348, 349 Gorodeckis Aringas 264,269 Gostev B. 29
Grakauskas Eimantas 395, 445 Grauzinis Aigis 264 Grazubs Petras 79 Griciene Ona Jurina 50, 264 Gricius Saulius 264 Grigas Robertas 34 Grigelionis Bronius 264 Grigorjanc Sergej 251 Grinius Kestutis 445 Griskevicius Petras 17 Gromyko Andriej 109 Grumadas Arünas 298 Gucas Augis 16 Gudaité Jüraté 467
Gudaitis Romas 19, 28, 42, 60, 115, 144, 145, 249, 264, 268, 282, 323, 337, 354, 390, 399, 400, 404, 414, 423, 445 Gudzinskas Eigirdas 48 Gureckas Algimantas 401, 465 Gureckas Jonas 65, 172, 197, 209, 215, 233, 355
Gustas G. 98 Gutmanas Aronas 264 Handel Jaroslav 442 Hatanaka Sachiko 387 Hint Mati 243, 256, 303, 304 Hitler Adolf 58, 81, 96 Hofertiené Romualda 445 Iesmantas Gintautas Vincas 78, 79, 87, 106, 148, 285, 445 Ignatavicius Eugenijus 264 Ilgünas Stanislovas Gediminas 264, 280, 429, 445
Imbrasas Stasys 31-33, 35 Inkéns Edvlns 304 Ivanauskaité Jurga 45, 66, 94, 106 Ivanov Valer i j 157, 165
Ivans Dainis 150, 242, 261, 282, 289, 290, 294, 301, 315, 328, 330, 333, 361, 364, 412
Izokaitis Jüraté 30 Jacinevicius Leonidas 264 Jagminas Leonardas 264 Jakavoniené Rita 467 Jakavonis Gediminas 264 Jakovlev Aleksandr 70-74, 77, 79, 80, 84, 101, 109, 111, 123, 164, 249, 297, 350, 356, 374, 355
Jakstas Juozas 264 Jakubauskas Adas 376 Jakubauskas Albinas 264 Jakubéniené Danuté 223 Jalinskas Vincentas 264 Jankauskas Robertas 194 Jankelevicius Leonas 442, 445 Jankovskis Henrikas 229 Janonis Juozas 400 Janonis Vytautas 264 Jansonas Egmontas 266,410 Janusauskas Gediminas 186 Januska Albinas 77, 186, 264, 265, 433, 445 Jarasiünas Egidijus 264, 432, 445 Jarmolenka Vladimiras 342, 432, 445 Jaruzelski Wojciech 14 Jasukaityté Vidmanté 432, 435, 436, 445 Jaskünas Gintaras 127, 300 Jefremovas Georgijus 73-75, 84, 134, 144, 145, 15*3, 154, 165, 194, 214, 251, 264, 268 Jefremovas Vladimiras 264, 376 Jelcin Boris 248, 350 Jermalavicius Juozas 28, 48 Jerochin V. 29 Jonaityté Broné 48 Jonas Paulius II 13 Jonynas Jonas 264 Juknevicius Zenonas 272, 427, 445 Juknius Kazys 264 Junti Arvo 289 Juodisius Jonas 312 Juodzevicius Balys 264
Juozaitis Arvydas 19, 21, 26, 32, 33, 36-38, 45, 47, 50, 53, 54, 61, 65, 78, 81, 87, 88,
473
PÄVARDZiy RODYKLÈ
91, 92, 94, 104, 112-114, 117, 122, 130, 135, 143, 145, 150, 166, 172, 194, 198, 225, 226, 238, 256, 264, 268, 269, 333, 335, 338, 358, 366, 421 Juozcviciüté Vilma 467 Jurgelis Jurgis 423, 445 Jurkstas Jonas 16
Jursénas Ceslovas 95, 160, 185, 187, 220, 228, 235, 312, 313, 425-427, 431, 432, 435, 436, 442, 443, 445
Juzeliûnas Julius 32, 43, 47, 54, 63, 71, 81, 83, 88, 113, 134, 145, 151, 166, 180, 224, 264, 268, 276 Kacinskas Virgilijus 264, 445 Kairevicius Jonas 264 Kairys Ksaveras 42 Kakaras Gunaras Imantas 264, 349 Kalanta Antanas 264 Kalanta Romas 13, 241 Kalinin N. 29 Kaltenis Petras 264 Kaminskas Valdas 236, 345, 410 Kanisauskas Alfredas 94 Kanovicius Grigorijus 224 Kapeliusnyj Leonid 148, 165, 178, 190, 412 Kapkan Vasil 376 Kaplinski Jaan 123, 191, 214 Kapsukas (Mickevicius) Vincas 187, 197 Karalius Alvydas 264 Karalius Gediminas 264 Karinauskas V. 148 Karoblis Ananas 445 Karp Marek 240, 275 Karvelis Juozas 339, 417, 427, 445 Kasauskas P. 247
Kasauskas Stasys 224, 432, 445, 446 Kasauskiené Vanda 28, 48 Katiliüté Juzefa 328 Katkus Donatas 15
Katkus Valdemaras 264, 420, 425, 428, 446 Kaukas Kostas 126
Kauspédas Algirdas 28, 32, 33, 35, 43, 45, 61, 145, 173, 180, 199, 264, 268, 335 Kazènas Zinas 97, 103, 108, 114, 127, 135, 177, 202, 213, 224, 284, 287, 337, 467 Kazlauskas Vytautas 326 Kebin Ivan 105
Keina Algimantas 264, 344, 429 Keldusis Jonas 264 Keliuotis Vilhelmas 304 Kernagis Vytautas 286 Kersys Faustas 264 Khol Andreas 326, 361
Kirkilas Gediminas 70, 155, 399, 406, 418, 419
Kiiküniené Vanda 169, 323 Klimaitis Algis 143, 148, 192, 212, 214 Klotiçs Arnolds 289-291, 328 Klumbys Aleksandras 264 Klumbys Egidijus 249, 264, 342, 391, 400, 446
Knasys Vytautas 212, 336 Kobeckaité Halina 264, 376 Kolcova Jelena 442 Koiesnikovas Vytautas 264, 446 Kondratas Ramünas 370, 376 Kontautas Antanas 264 Kontautas Juozas 264 Koskiené Aldona Veronika 264 Kostkevicius Gediminas 264 Kostkeviciüté Irena 16 Kostrzewa Grzegorz 358 Kovaliov Sergiej 442 Kowalski Boguslaw 21 Kriksciünas Vytautas 264 Krisciünas Kçstutis 195 Krön Peter 327, 341 Kropas Stasys 395, 446 Kruopiené Marija 140 Kubilius Andrius 50, 196, 269 Kubilius Giedrius 467 Kubilius Jonas 231 Kubilius Vytautas 15, 264 Kudaba Ceslovas 32, 140, 145, 264, 268, 269, 284, 385, 446 Kudaba Petras 264 Kudirka Vincas 173 Kueljar Peres de 314 Kulikauskas Andrius 387 Kulnyté Biruté 467 Kumza Algirdas 115, 427, 446 Kuodytè Dalia 165 Kuolelis Juozas 100, 209, 215 Kupliauskiené Juraté 170, 172, 224, 323 Küris Pranas 166, 231, 334 Kuzmickas Bronislovas Juozas 18, 19, 25, 28, 32, 68, 83, 92, 95, 114, 117, 145, 264, 268, 269, 428, 437, 446 Labutis Vytautas 143
Landsbergis Vytautas 27, 32, 43, 46, 48, 60, 70, 74, 76-78, 80, 83-86, 91, 99, 102, 106, 113, 114, 117, 119, 124, 131, 135, 145, 151, 153, 154, 166, 170, 172, 173, 177-179, 181-183, 185, 194, 195, 200, 203, 215, 230, 231, 233, 242, 249, 250, 256, 263, 264, 268, 280, 284, 289, 294, 307, 308, 310, 316, 317, 323, 324, 334, 335, 342, 346, 349, 350, 353, 355, 359, 374, 390, 391, 393, 395, 399, 400, 402, 403, 410, 412, 414, 415, 418-420, 423-425, 428, 429, 432-438, 443-446, 449, 456, 458, 465
Landsbergis-ztemkalnis Vytautas 16, 129 Lankas Romas 36 Lankauskas Romualdas 30 Lapé Vaclovas 214, 336 Lapienis Saulius 48
Lapinskas Kçstutis 166, 346, 410, 414, 415, 417, 420, 423, 424, 442, 446 Lauraitis Antanas Algimantas 224 Laurinaitis Eugenijus 264 Laurinciukas Albertas 353, 403
474
PAVARDZiy RODYKLÈ
Laurinkus Mecys 63, 134, 144, 145, 180, 264, 268, 269, 278, 317, 335, 395, 423, 436, 446
Laurinskas Leonas 34
Lauristin Marju 123, 148, 151, 237, 349, 350
Laurusas Vytautas 42
Ledas Vytautas 264
Lern Stanislaw 25, 30, 31
Lenin Vladimir 109, 193
Leonavicius Bronius 32, 67, 264
Leprêtre Marc 388
Lescinskas Arvydas Kostas 410, 442, 446
Liatukas Stasys 194
Liaucius Jonas 446
Lideikis Tautvydas 50, 196
Liegus Vaidas 264
Liehm Antonin 328
Liekis Algimantas 39, 282, 303
Lileikis Algirdas 393, 410
Lindpere Heiki 361, 363
Lingys Vitas 406, 407
Liobytè Aldona 30
Liorancas Jonas 264
Lipeika Kçstutis 166
Lipmaa Endel 249, 349, 374
Lipski Jan Józef 359
Lisauskas Algimantas 264
Lisauskas Stasys 85, 99
Litvinas Vaclovas 351
Lozoraitis Stasys 90, 241, 428, 429, 465
Lozuraitis Albinas 189, 190
Lucäns Jänis 289
Lubys Bronislovas 405, 426, 435, 446
Lukaviciütè Inga 467
Lukjanov Anatolijij 151, 163, 233
Luksa Juozas 286
Luksaité Ingè 18, 31, 32
Luksas Aleksandras 16
Luksas Gytis 18, 264
Luksiené Meile 31, 32, 62, 76, 114, 128, 139, 144, 264, 420
Macaitis Alfonsas 139, 223, 399, 400, 404 Macejkianecas Rysardas 442, 446 Mackievicius Zygmuntas 140, 229, 264, 376 Macys Jonas 446 Mainelyté Vaiva 71 Mayr-Harting Thomas 384 Makaraityté Indre 467 Makünas Stasys 264 Malaud Philippe 202, 211 Maldonis Alfonsas 32, 92, 99, 100, 104, 264 Malen Christian de la 362, 364 Malinauskas Jonas 35, 48 Malükiené Eglé 467 Marcinkevicius Algimantas 17 Marcinkevicius Justinas 17, 25, 27, 32, 65, 81, 82, 84, 92, 99, 102, 114, 128, 129, 144, 145, 164, 166, 170, 264, 268, 308, 336, 341, 342, 374 Marco Guido de 364
Marciulionis Sarünas 197
Markeviciené Jùratè 16
Markulis Juozas 317
Martinaityté Audroné 467
Martinaitis Marcelijus Teodoras 15, 17, 18,
115, 144, 145, 264, 268, 344 Martinkus Vytautas 42, 43 Marx Karol 234
Masliukov Jurij 412,
Matlock Jack 248, 256, 350, 421 Matulaitis Juozas 264 Matulevicius Algimantas 405 Matulionis Jonas Kastytis 79, 284 Matulionis Robertas 264
Medalinskas Alvydas 32, 35, 37, 44, 47, 48, 60, 70, 91, 112-117, 116, 123, 136, 145, 264, 268, 269 Medelis Linas 485, 157 Medvedevas Nikolajus 264, 342, 425, 446 Medvedev Vadim 342 Meilus Albertas 170, 172 Meilus Elmantas 15 Merkys Vytautas 16 Michnik Adam 359 Mickünaitè Giedré 264 Mickünas Raimundas 264, 420 Mikuciauskas Vladislovas 45, 80, 181 Mikucionis Linas 467 Mikuliciené Irena 467 Milcius Leonas 212, 264, 417, 446 Milerius Jonas 467 Miliukiené Danutè 304 Miller John 407
Minkevicius Jokübas 17, 28, 32, 92, 145, 182, 264, 268, 446
Misiukonis Marijonas 65, 99, 101, 215 Misiünienè Nijolé 264 Miskinis Albertas 446 Mitchell Alison 226
Mitkin Nikolaj 38-40, 43, 45, 47, 48, 50, 73, 88, 101, 104, 105, 109, 403 Miullerson Rein 246 Mock Alois 362 Morkünas Donatas 446
Motieka Kazimieras 115, 139, 144, 145, 150, 153, 194, 195, 264, 268, 284, 323, 344, 349, 359, 374, 403, 410, 428, 437, 446 Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus 365 Muievicius Algirdas 265, 298 Muravjov Michail 108 Namavicius Zenonas 166, 346, 410, 429 Narbutiené N. 98 Narusiené Regina 467
Nasvytis Algimantas 14, 19, 32, 55, 94, 114,
116, 145, 225, 265, 268, 342, 375, 426, 467
Nasvytis Vytautas 426 Naudziünas Aigis 247 Nedzinskienè Birutè 265, 446 Nekrasas Evaldas 429
475
PAVARD2IU rodyklê
Nekrosius Eimuntas 265 Nisanov Rafik 425 Nivat George 328 Noreika Laimonas 144, 265 Norvilas Algimantas 256, 298, 417, 418, 423, 446
Novodvorskaja Galina 307 Okincicas Ceslovas 441, 446 Oksas Jurgis 133, 265 Olekas Juozas 140, 231, 265 Orwell George 220
Ozolas Romualdas 18, 19, 31-34, 42, 48, 50, 52, 70, 77, 78, 86, 87, 92, 99, 101, 102, 104, 114, 117, 119, 130, 135, 145, 153, 154, 173, 177-179, 182, 183, 190, 194, 200, 230, 233, 236, 249, 265, 268, 269, 282, 289, 290, 292, 293, 308, 310, 317, 324, 334-336, 342, 353, 354, 365, 390, 395, 398, 399, 402, 414-416, 418, 420, 426, 428, 432, 433, 446 Ozelyté-Vaitieküniené Nijolé 18, 427, 443, 446 Pabirzis Ricardas 265 Padegimas Bernardas Gytis 265 Pakalnis Romas 32, 48, 117, 265, 280 Paleckis Justas Vincas 35, 70, 80, 154, 155, 170, 171, 194, 198, 230, 284, 325, 390, 399, 403, 406, 418, 419, 425, 426, 435, 436, 446
Paliünas Vytautas 446 Pangonis Jonas 446 Pangonyté Laima 62
Patackas Algirdas 140, 174, 265, 427, 446
Pats Konstantin 253, 329
Pauksté Vytautas 265
Paulauskaitè Zita 265
Paulauskas Rolandas 140, 265, 335, 446
Peacock Andrew 428
Peckus Vincas 60, 426
Peceliünas Poviias 399, 400
Peceliünas Saulius 265, 357, 405, 421, 446
Peceliüniené Lina 204, 215
Peciulis Saulius 28, 32, 48, 265
Peciulis Zigmas 284
Peikstenis Eugenijus 467
Peskys Algimantas 265
Pesko Stanislavas 435, 446
Peters Jànis 124
Petkevicius Vytautas 19, 28, 32, 35, 42, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 71, 77, 78, 82, 85, 86, 88, 92, 95, 88, 100, 104, 114, 132, 140, 145, 172, 175, 176, 178, 182, 185, 186, 190, 194, 195, 214, 265, 268, 312, 405, 406, 421
Petkus Viktoras 79, 148, 222 Petraitis Jonas 215, 225, 235 Petraitis Vilhelmas 265 Petrovas Eugenijus 433, 446 Petrukonis J. 96
Petrulevicius Andrius 90, 227, 243, 244, 397, 408, 409, 467
Pikauskas Osvaldas 247 Pikturna Virginijus 446
Pleckaitis Vytautas Petras 265, 348, 365, 422, 432, 435, 446 Pliateris Dominykas 302 Plitnikas A. 298 Plotnieks Andris 349 Pocius Giedrius 55, 205, 344 Podrabinek Aleksandr 251 Popov Gavriil 249 Poskus Petras 446 Potasinskas Eduardas 76, 410, 429 Povilionis Vidmantas 23, 265, 359, 417, 436, 446
Poviliünas Arünas 429 Pozniak Zenon 159, 251, 253 Pozela Juras 28, 40, 42, 45, 170, 172, 228-230, 299, 374 Prapiestis Jonas 446 Prazauskas Algimantas 219, 235 Prielaida Narcizas 328 Primakov Jevgenij 378
Prunskiené Kazimiera Danuté 32, 33, 36-38, 42, 47, 78, 70, 76, 88, 92, 99, 105, 106, 114, 117, 131, 135, 145, 178, 233, 265, 268, 280, 284, 314, 331, 349, 354, 388, 395, 403, 414, 423, 425, 428, 437, 443, 446
Pukenis Robertas 134 Pukstas Romualdas 265 Puplauskas Vytautas 446 Puteikis Naglis 18 Puzonas Rokas 34 Rabaciauskaité Aurelija 420 Racas Antanas 265, 446 Raciünas Pranas 265 Rackauskas V. 298
Radzvilas Vytautas 32, 50, 114, 145, 265, 268, 330, 334, 335, 346, 357, 366, 392, 393, 410, 420-422, 429 Ragaisis Romaldas 100 Ragauskas Liudvikas 78 Raig Ivar 29, 367
Rajeckas Raimondas Leonas 25, 32, 38, 95, 145, 265, 268, 421 Ramanauskas Donatas 92 Ramonas Gintaras 418, 446 Rasimavicius Narcizas Liudvikas 335, 425, 436, 446
Rastauskiené Rasa 446 Ratkiené Irena 265
Razma Saulius Liudvikas 427, 436, 446
Razumovskij Georgij 105
Razauskas Algirdas 112, 446
Reagan Ronald 20, 81
Reiff Ryszard 359
Reimeris Giedrius 92, 116, 224
Rybelis Antanas 265
Riegler Josef 365, 366
Rimaitis Romualdas 199, 209, 215
476
PAVARDliy RODYKLE
Rimkus Kfsnitis 427, 446 Ritter Don 339 Ryzkov Nikolaj 61 Rodionov Igor 249 Romaszewski Zbigniew 359 Rozenvalds Juris 329 Rudys Audrius 446 Rudis Gediminas 80, 82, 115 Rudzys Romualdas 427, 446 Rummo Paul Eeerik 123
Rupeika Benediktas Vilmantas 222, 426, 427, 433, 443, 446
Rupsyte Angonita 196, 226, 250 RüüteL Arnold 151, 248 Ruutsoo Rein 123 Ruzgas Juozas 62, 88 Sabaliauskas Algirdas 427, 437 Sabutis Liudvikas 99, 423, 437, 445, 446 Sacharov Andriej 219, 319, 324, 350 Sadünaite Nijole 20
Saja Kazys 83, 86, 115, 284, 417, 428, 446 Sakadolskis Romas 91, 104, 142 Sakalas Aloyzas 115, 265, 357, 391, 410, 424, 427, 429, 431, 433, 446 Sakalauskas Artüras 62, 186, 288 Sakalauskas Vytautas 42, 90, 91, 104, 137, 200, 209, 215, 223, 231-233, 402, 403 Sambora Henrikas 265 Sarmite Sandra 303 Sarpalus Bill 407
Saudargas Algirdas 61, 66, 265, 359, 391, 395, 399, 400, 416, 420, 428, 446 Savisaar Edgar 129, 148, 151-153, 237, 242, 284, 289, 290, 294, 301, 314, 315, 329, 330, 338, 412 Savukynas Bronys 467 Sawicka Elzbieta 126, 388 Seeler Hans-Joachim 201 Sejünas Algimantas 284, 427, 446 Senkiewicz Jan 299 Senn Alfred Erich 84, 427, 446 Simanaitis Gintaras 265 Simanavicius Artüras 265 Simenas Arnoldas 265 Simutis Liudvikas 446 Skaisgiryte Asta 410 Skrebünas Robertas 50
Skucas Artüras 20, 27, 32, 35, 37, 44, 48, 50, 51, 53, 66, 85, 86, 91, 92, 94, 114, 215, 264, 265, 294 Skujenieca Inta 302 Skujenieks Knuts 30, 302 Sladkevicius Vincentas 78, 104, 136, 206, 340, 345
Sliunkov Nikolaj 154, 155, 157 Sluckis Mykolas 166 Smailys Alfredas 265 Smelevicius Morkus 265 Snieckus Antanas 39, 377 Sodeika Tornas 357
Söder Karin 319 Sondeckis Saulius 143
Songaila Gintaras 18, 31, 32, 37, 65, 70, 77, 78, 80, 95, 99, 104, 114, 123, 136, 159, 265
Songaila Ringaudas 21, 38, 42 43, 51, 77, 96, 101, 102, 104, 105, 124, 169, 455 Spicer James 365 Sruoga Balys 56 Staciokas Stasys 166, 429 Stakvilevicius Mindaugas 265, 281, 446 Stalin Josif 13, 28, 58, 81, 82, 96, 109, 135, 220
Stancikas Dalius 265 Stancikas Antanas 265 Stanevicius Antanas 265 Stanionis Vytautas 265 Staniulis Vidmantas 265 Stankaitis Vidmantas 265 Stankevicius Antanas 50
Stankevicius Geslovas Vytautas 117, 180, 194, 265, 391-393, 395, 399, 400, 415-420, 422, 428, 437, 440, 442, 444, 446 Stankovicius Ignas 265
Statulevicius Vytautas 17, 19, 139, 164, 170, 172, 224, 349, 390 Stech Valentin 158, 265, 376 Steinfeld Hans Vilhelm 143 Steponavicius Julijonas 202, 286, 344 Stoskus Kestutis 276 Ströhm Carl Gustaf 362, 388 Strolia Liudvikas 143 Suboc Danute 134 Suboc Valentina 446
Survila Rimvydas Raimondas 284, 399, 446
Suslov Michail 39
Svarinskas Alfonsas 79
Szczepanski Jan Jözef 30
Sadreika Valerijonas 435, 446
$adzi us Henrikas 80, 84
Sagzdavicius Rimantas 265
Salcius Kazys 299
$altenis Arvydas 32, 54, 67, 265
Saltenis Saulius 144, 265, 417, 427, 446
Satas Juozas 265
Scekocichin Jurij 320
Sedys Jonas 265
Semajev Lev 443
Sepetys Lionginas 15, 28, 34, 48, 51, 70, 72, 80-82, 91, 99, 100, 102, 104, 111, 130, 137, 154, 162, 169, 172, 173, 197-199, 202, 331, 405, 426, 433, 446, 455 Sepkus Alius 50 Seriene Marija 112, 126 Serksnys Gediminas 265, 427, 446 Sevardnadze Eduard 350, 356, 385 Sileikis Gintaras 265 Silinskas Sigitas 265 Silov M. 320 Simanskiene Irena 265
477
PAVARD2IU RODYKLÉ
Siménas Albertas 395, 446
Siménas Jonas 265, 417, 446
Skapars Jânis 328
Slezevicius Adolfas 336
Slicyté Zita 265, 297, 374
Sliogeris Arvydas 115, 234, 357, 410, 429
Sneideris Vytautas 77, 134, 265
Sniukas Domas 165, 190, 230
Steinis Valdis 282
Sved Vladislav 209, 215, 412
Sventickas Algimantas 410
Taagepera Rein 182, 190, 256, 301, 303, 304
Tamkevicius Sigitas 79, 148
Tamosiünienè Regina 266, 396
Tamulis Jonas 410, 417, 423
Taraila Rytis 406, 407
Tarand Andres 123
Tarmak Mart 56, 66, 150, 164, 202, 237, 338, 339, 341, 381
Taurantas Aurimas 418, 446 Teiserskis Stanislavas 265 Terleckas Antanas 20, 28, 33, 57, 80, 97, 99, 100, 134, 135, 140, 198, 199, 201, 203, 222, 267, 284, 422 Terleckas Vladas 395, 446 Tichonovic Ivan 229-231 Tiskuté Irena 16, 21, 48 Tomasevicius Edvardas 446 Tomkus Vitas 32, 43, 48, 50, 100, 145, 166, 172, 199, 231, 242, 265, 268, 275, 248, 406, 407, 421, 434 Toome Indrek 148, 248 Tornau Jurgis 16 Treinys Mecislovas 212, 214 Trofimov Aleksandr 106 Truska Liudas 80, 82 Tudjman Franjo 362 Tumelis Juozas 331, 359 Tupikas Pranciskus 139, 446 Tuskenis Edvardas 236, 248, 256 Uchta Martin 256 Uexkül Jakob von 201 Ulba Algimantas Vincas 446 Umbrasas Vytautas 265 Unt Mati 123
Uoka Kazimieras 88, 106, 133, 145, 173, 194, 197, 199, 200, 265, 268, 269, 278, 342, 359, 381, 400, 417, 446 Uosis Stasys 265 Urba Kçstutis 47, 144, 265, 420 Urbanavicius Raimondas 87, 181, 183 Urbonaité Audroné 365, 410 Urbsys Juozas 78, 80, 82, 119, 126, 241, 420, 421, 429, 442 Vabalaité Danuté 265
Vagnorius Gediminas 415, 416, 421, 437, 443, 446
Vaiciulis Stasys 224 Vaiciünaité Judita 15 Vaisniené Elona 467
Vaisnoras Aidas 227
Vaisvila Zigmas 27, 32, 37, 43, 47, 48, 50, 54, 88-92, 94 ,99, 102, 113, 114, 117, 122, 126, 131, 135, 143, 145, 157, 173, 180, 181, 183, 195, 199, 215, 265, 268, 280, 317, 324, 342, 353, 356, 385, 399, 403, 415, 416, 422, 424, 425, 438, 446 Vaitelis J. 112
Vaitiekünas Petras 78, 116, 123, 215, 256, 265, 395, 417, 418, 446 Valatka Rimvydas 446 Valevicius Marius 66 Valionyte Birute 446
Valiusaitis Vidmantas 106, 265, 336, 347 Väljas Vaino 38, 48, 51, 105, 151, 151, 164, 248
Valk Heinz 66, 291 Vansevicius Stasys 166
Varanauskas Povilas 265, 417, 427, 442, 446 Vardys Stanley V 165 Varkalis Dionizas 265
Vasiliauskas Kazimieras 115, 265, 316, 343, 431
Vasiliauskas Lionginas 250 Vebra Evaldas 265 Vedegys Raimundas 265 Veidemann Mart 289, 329, 442 Veiveryte Sofija 15
Velikonis Virmantas 133, 144, 211, 212, 234, 265
Verba Robertas 62
Verseckas Arvydas 265
Verseckas Jonas 265
Veselka Julius 395
Vidickas Jonas 333
Vildziünas Linas 410
Vileikis Algirdas 65, 73, 77, 102, 197
Viliünas Vytautas 265
Vilkas Eduardas 25-28, 224, 349, 395, 403, 414, 425, 426, 435, 436, 442, 446 Vingras Vaclovas 265 Vingrys Andrius 265 Vinkus Antanas 278 Vinogradov Igor 327 Visockas Vytautas 26, 303 Vitkauskas Vytautas 215 Volkovas Vaclovas 194 Volungeviciüte Ona 250 Vulfsons Mavriks 151 Wajda Andrzej 359 Walesa Lech 209 Wdowinska Anna 360 Wielowieyski Andrzej 359 Wujec Henryk 326, 359, 416, 442, 449 Zaborskaite Vanda 265 Zalatorius Albertas 115, 265 Zaleckas Kestutis 45, 72, 77, 102, 103, 162, 223, 231, 349 Zalygin Sergej 361 Zamiatin Leonid 29
478
pavard2iv rodykle
Zeile Valentina 289, 329 Ziedonis Imants 180
Zingeris Emanuelis 139, 145, 265, 268, 342, 376, 428, 446 Zalimas Dainius 388 Zalys Aleksandras 265 Zalys Alfonsas 170, 172, 176, 426, 446 Zalnieravicius Sigitas 265 Zbikowski Zbigniew 84 Zemaitis Liudvikas 66
¿ebriünas Arünas 18, 25, 26, 32, 35, 42, 48, 99, 113, 145, 166, 224, 265, 268, 280, 310, 388, 390
Zickus Kestutis 358, 366 2iemelis Vidmantas 224, 231, 446 Zilaityte Dalia 190 Zilys Juozas 166 2ukas Vytautas 265 2ukauskas Algirdas 155 Zukauskas Konstantas Vincas 194 2ukovas Jurijus 307, 321, 324 2ukovskis Vladimiras 229
479
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Čepaitis, Virgilijus 1937- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1064590659 |
| author_facet | Čepaitis, Virgilijus 1937- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Čepaitis, Virgilijus 1937- |
| author_variant | v č vč |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039629180 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)263645450 (DE-599)GBV530885670 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV039629180 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:07:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9986476410 |
| language | Lithuanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024479359 |
| oclc_num | 263645450 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 479 S. Ill. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Tvermė |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Čepaitis, Virgilijus 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)1064590659 aut Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 Virgilijus Čepaitis Vilnius Tvermė 2007 479 S. Ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis (DE-588)1222680-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis (DE-588)1222680-4 b Geschichte z DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Čepaitis, Virgilijus 1937- Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis (DE-588)1222680-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1222680-4 (DE-588)4074266-0 |
| title | Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 |
| title_auth | Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 |
| title_exact_search | Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 |
| title_full | Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 Virgilijus Čepaitis |
| title_fullStr | Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 Virgilijus Čepaitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 Virgilijus Čepaitis |
| title_short | Su Sąjūdžiu už Lietuvą |
| title_sort | su sajudziu uz lietuva nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 |
| title_sub | nuo 1988 06 03 iki 1990 03 11 |
| topic | Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis (DE-588)1222680-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis Litauen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024479359&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cepaitisvirgilijus susajudziuuzlietuvanuo19880603iki19900311 |
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