Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index. - Formerly CIP |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 339 S. Ill. 29 cm |
| ISBN: | 0781752310 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis |c Iwan W. Griffiths |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Principles of biomechanics and motion analysis |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia [u.a.] |b Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 339 S. |b Ill. |c 29 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index. - Formerly CIP | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Kinesiology / Handbooks, manuals, etc. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human mechanics / Handbooks, manuals, etc. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Preface
v
c h a p t e r one Introduction to Motion Analysis x
CHAPTER tW° Scalar Q^tities And Vector Quantities In Mechanics
And Motion Analysis
chapter three Linear Kinematics
chapter four Equilibrium
,. 77
chapter five Dynamics I
109
chapter SIX Dynamics II
138
chapter seven Angular Kinematics
chapter eight Rotational Dynamics
chapter nine Data Filtering, Smoothing and Trends 210
c h a p t e r ten Exploration of Motion Data Using Spreadsheets 242
chapter ekven Balls in Flight and Fluid Dynamics 263
chapter telw Gait Analysis and Biomechanics
Zoo
Answers to Study Questions
a p p b n D, x one Units of Measurement and Mathematical Methods 313
a p p e n D, x tWO Anatomy of Movement of the Ankle and Foot 327
Index
333
xi
Preface v
chapter OTIC Introduction to Motion Analysis 1
1.1 Introduction to Motion Analysis 1
1.2 Two-dimensional (2D) Motion Analysis 2
1.3 Three-dimensional (3D) Motion Analysis 3
BOX 1-1 Digital Camcorder With DVD Storage for Video Analysis 5
1.4 Calibration of Motion Analysis Systems 6
1.41 Video-based Two-dimensional Systems 6
J .4.2 Three-dimensional Optical Motion Capture Systems 7
1.5 High-Speed Videography 8
1.6 Two- and Three-Dimensional Kinematics 9
BOX 1-2 Automated Multi-camera Systems With LED Strobes
and Retro-reflective Markers 10
1.7 Instrumentation for Measurement of Force and Pressure 12
1.7.1 Introduction to Force Transducers 12
1.7.2 Force Plates 12
1.73 Plantar Pressure Distribution Measurement J3
Case Study I.I Application of Motion Analysis to Design of Sports Equipment 15
Case Study 1.2 Application of Motion Analysis for Improving Sports Techniques 7
Cose Study 1.3 Application of Motion Analysis to Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation 21
chapter tiVO Scalar Quantities and Vector Quantities in Mechanics and Motion Analysis 25
2.1 Adding and Subtracting Vectors 26
BOX 2-1 Examples of Scalar Quantities 26
BOX 2-2 Examples of Vector Quantities 27
2.1.1 Addition of Scalars 27
BOX 2-3 Examples of Scalar Addition 27
2.1.2 Addition of Vectors 27
2.13 Adding Two Vectors at Right Angles 30
Case Study 2.1 Magnitude and Direction of Force Vectors During Walking 31
2.1.4 Parallelogram Rule 34
2.2 Resolution of a Vector Into Components 37
2.2.1 Resolution of a Vector Along Two Perpendicular Directions 37
2.2.2 Unit Vectors in Three Dimensions 39
xiii
xiv ¦ Contents
2.3 Multiplication of Vectors 39
2.3.1 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar 39
Case Study 2.2 Higher Velocity with New Golf Club 40
Case Study 2.3 Velocity of Cricket Ball at Different Times 40
2.3.2 Scalar Product of Two Vectors 41
Case Study 2.4 Downward and Upward Movements in a Squat 43
2.3.3 Vector Product of Two Vectors 44
2.4 System of Units 47
chapter thfCC Linear Kinematics 52
3.1 The Law of Inertia 53
3.2 Measurement of an Object s Speed or Velocity 53
3.2.1 Graphical Means of Deriving Velocity 54
Case Study 3.1 Velocity of a Toboggan Sliding Along a Track Measured by Students 56
3.2.2 Equations for Displacement and Velocity for the Case of Uniform Acceleration 58
3.3 Acceleration as the Slope of a Velocity-Time Graph 62
Case Study 3.2 Light Gates Used to Obtain Split Times in a 100m Sprint 63
3.4 Frames of Reference 65
3.5 Projectiles 66
3.5.1 Resolution of Velocity Into Vertical and Horizontal Components 66
3.5.2 Finding the Flight Time T 68
3.5.3 Finding the Horizontal Range R 69
3.5.4 Projectile Released at a Height Above or Below the Level at Which it Lands 69
3.5.5 Parabolic Path 70
Case Study 3.3 Motion of a Hockey Rail After Bouncing From Floor Using Motion Analysis 71
chapter JOUr Equilibrium 77
4.1 Conditions for Static Equilibrium 77
4.2 The Effect of Friction and Its Importance for Establishing Equilibrium 78
Case Study 4.1 Hockey Ball Rolling Across a Flat Level Synthetic Polymer Surface 80
4.3 Definition of Moment of a Force 80
4.4 Adding and Subtracting Parallel Forces 81
Case Study 4.2 Weight Distribution Between the Left and Right Feet 82
4.5 Center of Gravity and Center of Mass 83
Case Study 4.3. Center of Mass of Human Body Found Using Reaction Board Method 84
4.6 Couples: Two Equal and Opposite Forces Applied at Different Points 85
4.7 Bodies at Rest 86
4.8 Equilibrium Under the Action of Two Forces 87
4.9 Center of Mass of a Stationary Body 88
4.10 Equilibrium Under the Action of Three Forces 89
4.10.1 Three Parallel Forces 90
4.10.2 Three Nonparallel Forces 91
4.11 Hydrostatics and Flotation 93
4.111 Hydrostatic Pressure as a Function of Depth 93
4.11-2 Upthrust on an Immersed Body 93
4.11.3 Specific Gravity 94
¦ Contents xv
4.12 The Segmental Method for Estimating a Person s Center of Mass 94
4.13 Free Body Diagrams 98
4-13.1 Calculation of Unknown Forces 98
4-13.2 Calculation of Joint Moments 101
Case Study 4.4. Buoyancy and Stability in a Kayak 102
chapter five Dynamics I 109
5.1 Inertia and Mass 109
5.2 Force 110
5.3 Newton s First Law 110
5.4 Gravitational Forces 110
5.5 Newton s Second Law 111
5.6 Measurements of Mass and Force 112
5.6. J Comparing Unknown Forces With Known Forces 112
5.6.2 Strain Gauges 112
5.6.3 Load Cells and Force Platforms 113
5.6.3.1 Voltage Output Calculations 114
5.6.3.2 COP Calculation 115
Case Study 5.1 Male Subject Wearing Trainers Walking Across a Force Plate 115
5.7 The Acceleration Attributable to Gravity and Weight 116
Case Study 5.2 Vertical Jumping 117
5.8 Newton s Third Law 120
5.9 Friction 122
5.9.1 Friction and Area of Contact 124
5.9.2 Friction and Velocity 124
5.9.3 Summary of Static Friction and Kinetic Friction 125
Case Study 5.3 Maximum Speed on Banked Race Track 127
Case Study 5.4 Rolling Friction on Hockey Ball 128
5.10 The Momentum of a Body 128
5.11 Projectile Motion, Taking Into Account the Drag Force 130
5.J1.J Introduction 130
5.11.2 Reynolds Number 130
5.11.3 Drag Force and Its Effect on the Motion 132
5.11.4 Numerically Modeling a Ball s Motion 132
chapter SIX Dynamics II 138
6.1 Work Done by a Constant Force 138
6.2 Work Done by a Force That Varies 140
6.3 Kinetic Energy 142
6.4 Gravitational Potential Energy 143
6.5 Conservation of Mechanical Energy 144
6.6 Power 146
6.7 Impulsive Forces and Collisions 146
6.7¦ 1 The Impulse-Momentum Relationship 146
6.7.2 Special Case of a Constant Impulsive Force 148
6.7.3 Collisions in One Dimension 148
6.7-4 Conservation of Linear Momentum 149
6.7.5 Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 150
xvi ¦ Contents
Case Study 6.1 Coefficient of Restitution of a Bo// Measured by Incident and
Rebound Velocities From a Steel Surface 152
6.7.6 Oblique Impacts 154
6.7.7 Bat-and-Ball Games and the Effect of Spin 154
6.8 Oscillations 156
6.8.1 Springs and Hooke s Law 156
6.8.2 Oscillatory Motion 157
6.8.3 Damped Oscillations 159
Case Study 6.2 Calculation of the Friction Coefficient b in a Simple Mass-Spring Oscillator 161
6.8.4 Pendula 162
6.8.4.1 The Simple Pendulum 162
6.8.4.2 The Physical Pendulum 163
Case Study 6.3 Acute Effects of Exercise on Passive Joint Stiffness 164
chapter seven Angular Kinematics 169
7.1 Fundamentals of Rotational Motion 169
7.1.1 Angular Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration 169
7.1.2 The Relationship Between Linear Velocity and Angular Velocity 171
7.1.3 Tangential and Centripetal Accelerations 171
7.2 Absolute Angles and Relative Angles 174
7.3 Calculation of Angular Information from (x,y) Coordinate Data 175
73.1 Calculation of Angular Displacements 175
7.3.2 Calculation of Angular Velocity From Angular Displacement 176
7.3.3 Calculation of Angular Acceleration From Angular Velocity Data 177
7.4 Formulas for Rotation for the Case of Constant Angular Acceleration 178
Case Study 7.1. The Rotation of a Football 179
Case Study 7.2. Evaluation of Centripetal and Tangential Accelerations on a
Stunt Rider 181
Case Study 7.3 The Use of Angle-Angle Diagrams in Comparison of Sprinting Drills 183
chapter eight Rotational Dynamics 189
8.1 Angular Motion Vectors 189
8.2 Torque 191
8.3 Rotational Inertia 192
8.4 Calculating the Moment of Inertia 196
Case Study 8.1 Moment of Inertia of Human Body 197
8.5 Angular Momentum 199
8.6 Angular Kinetic Energy 201
8.7 Combined Translation and Rotation 201
8.8 Angular Momentum in Linked Systems 203
8.9 Manipulation of Axis of Rotation 204
Case Study 8.2. Power Flows in a Lower Leg Segment 205
chapter nine Data Filtering, Smoothing, and Trends 210
9.1 Coordinate Data 210
9.2 Calculation of Velocity and Acceleration From Displacement-Time
Coordinate Data 212
1
¦ Contents xvii
9.3 The Problem of Noise on Signals 214
9.4 Noise Removal by Finite Difference Smoothing 217
9.5 Missing Data 219
9.6 Fitting Trend Lines to Data 221
9.6. J Fitting Curves to Linear Data 221
9.6.1.1 Summary 224
9.6.2 Fitting Curves to Quadratic and Cubic Data 226
9.7 Do My Data Fit a Trend or Not? 227
9.7-1 A Suspected Linear Trend 227
9.7.2 A Suspected Quadratic Trend 230
9.8 A Simple Method for Data Smoothing and Interpolation 230
9.9 Fourier Analysis 233
9.10 The Sampling Theorem 234
9.11 Digital Filtering 235
9.11.1 Phase Shift 237
chapter tCTl Exploration of Motion Data Using Spreadsheets 242
10.1 Text or ASCII Files 242
10.2 Finite-Difference Formulas 243
10.3 Moving-Point Averages 246
10.4 Calculating Magnitudes of Vector Quantities From the Components 248
10.5 Drawing Smoothed and Curved Trend Lines Through Data Points 248
10.6 Calculating Relative and Absolute Angles 251
Case Study 10.1. Reduction of Noise on Angular Velocity-Time Graphs Using
Moving-Point Average Methods 252
10.7 Dynamic Analyses 254
Case Study 10.2 Correcting for Friction in a Moment of Inertia Experiment 257
chapter eleven Balls in Flight and Fluid Dynamics 263
11.1 Viscosity 263
11.2 Buoyancy Forces 264
11.3 Density and Specific Gravity 265
11.3.1 Buoyancy of the Human Body 266
11.4 Dynamic Fluid Forces 266
11.5 Relative Velocity 267
11.6 Drag Force 268
11.7 Lift Force 270
11.8 Bernoulli s Principle 271
11.9 Spin and the Magnus Effect 271
11.10 Center of Pressure 273
11.11 Effects of Dynamic Fluid Forces 273
11.12 The Boundary Layer 274
11.13 The Curling Kick 276
Case Study I I.I A Soccer Ball in Flight 278
chapter twelve Gait Analysis and Biomechanics 286
12.1 What is Gait Analysis? 286
12.2 Temporal Parameters of the Gait Cycle 287
xviii ¦ Contents
12.3 Body Segments 287
12.4 Joint Motions 290
12.5 Angular Velocity of a Body Segment 292
12.6 Ground Reaction Forces 293
12.7 Kinetic Studies 297
12.7.1 Obtaining Joint Forces 297
12.7.2 Quasi-static Determination of the joint Moments 298
12.7.3 Power 300
12.8 Injuries 302
Answers to Study Questions 303
appendix OTie Units of Measurement and Mathematical Methods 313
appendix tWO Anatomy and Movement of the Ankle and Foot 327
Index 333
|
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| id | DE-604.BV039612035 |
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| isbn | 0781752310 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Griffiths, Iwan W. Verfasser aut Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis Iwan W. Griffiths Principles of biomechanics and motion analysis Philadelphia [u.a.] Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2006 XVIII, 339 S. Ill. 29 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index. - Formerly CIP Kinesiology / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Human mechanics / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Bewegungsanalyse (DE-588)4122917-4 gnd rswk-swf Bewegung (DE-588)4006311-2 gnd rswk-swf Bewegung (DE-588)4006311-2 s DE-604 Bewegungsanalyse (DE-588)4122917-4 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024462648&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Griffiths, Iwan W. Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis Kinesiology / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Human mechanics / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Bewegungsanalyse (DE-588)4122917-4 gnd Bewegung (DE-588)4006311-2 gnd |
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| title | Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis |
| title_alt | Principles of biomechanics and motion analysis |
| title_auth | Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis |
| title_exact_search | Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis |
| title_full | Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis Iwan W. Griffiths |
| title_fullStr | Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis Iwan W. Griffiths |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis Iwan W. Griffiths |
| title_short | Principles of biomechanics & motion analysis |
| title_sort | principles of biomechanics motion analysis |
| topic | Kinesiology / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Human mechanics / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Bewegungsanalyse (DE-588)4122917-4 gnd Bewegung (DE-588)4006311-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kinesiology / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Human mechanics / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Bewegungsanalyse Bewegung |
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