Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim: studium archeozoologiczne
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Toruń
Wydawn. Uniw. Mikołaja Kopernika
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Seria: Mons Sancti Laurentii
6 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 322 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788323125334 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | UNIWERSYTET MIKOŁAJA KOPERNIKA
INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII
Daniel Makowiecki
Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka
zwierzętami i socjotopografia
in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim
Studium archeozoologiczne
TORUŃ 2010
Spis treści
Od redakcji : 11
Od autora 13
Rozdział 1 Zagadnienia wprowadzające 15
1 1 Stan badań nad gospodarką zwierzętami we wczesnym średniowieczu na ziemi chełmińskiej 18
111 Ziemia chełmińska 20
112 Kompleks osadniczy w Kałdusie 23
1 2 Kontekst archeologiczno-historyczny oraz podstawy źródłowe do studiów archeozoologicznych wczesnośrednio-
wiecznego zespołu w Kałdusie 27
121 Etapy rozwoju historycznego ośrodka in Culmine 27
122 Kontekst archeologiczny i podstawy źródłowe 30
1221 Osada i cmentarzysko (stanowisko 1) 32
1222 Osada i cmentarzysko (stanowisko 2) 32
1223 Grodzisko (stanowisko 3) 34
1224 Osada i cmentarzysko (stanowisko 4) 44
1 3 Cel pracy 44
1 4 Założenia teoretyczne i metody badań archeozoologicznych 46
141 Depozyty faunistyczne, ich geneza i znaczenie w studiach nad kulturą oraz środowiskiem przyrodniczym 46
142 Metody badań 49
Rozdział 2 Dane archeozoologiczne 53
2 1 Grupy zwierząt 53
2 2 Taksony gatunkowe i rodzajowe 53
2 3 Taksony anatomiczne 57
2 4 Wiek osobniczy 68
2 5 Rozkład płci ssaków 77
2 6 Wytwory z kości i poroża 80
2 7 Paleopatologia i deformacje kości i zębów 84
2 8 Osteometria 90
281 Bydło- Bosprimigeniusl taurus 90
282 Świnia - Susscrofal domestica 92
283 Owca - Ovisammonl aries 92
284 Koza- Capra aegagrusl hircus 92
285 Koń- Equusferus caballus 92
286 Pies- Canislupus familiarisi kot- Felissilvestńs catus 93
287 Zając - Lepus europaeus (Pali , 1778) 93
288 Wiewiórka - Sciurus i/u/garisL, 1758 93
289L is- Vulpes /ulpes(L, 1758) 93
2 8 10 Borsuk - Me/es me/es (L, 1758) 93
2 8 11 W k-Canis/upusl ,M58 93
2 8 12 Kuna - MartesSp , wydra - Lutra lutra (L, 1758) i żbik - Felissilvestńs(Schr , 1777) 93
2 8 13 Dzik-SusscrofaL, 1758 102
2 8 14 Jeleń - Cen/uselaphusL, 1758 102
2 8 15 Sarna- Capreoluscapreolus(L, 1758) 102
Rozdział 3 Zwierzęce szczątki kostne w układach chronologicznych i przestrzennych 103
3 1 Osada i cmentarzysko (stanowisko 1) 103
3 2 Osada i cmentarzysko (stanowisko 2) 104
321 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt w kontekście chronologicznym 104
322 Skład anatomiczny ssaków w kontekście chronologicznym 108
323 Wiek osobniczy ssaków domowych w kontekście chronologicznym 114
324 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt w kontekście obiektów i ich stref 117
325 Skład anatomiczny ssaków w kontekście obiektów i ich stref 122
326 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt a kategorie funkcjonalne obiektów 122
327 Skład anatomiczny ssaków a kategorie funkcjonalne obiektów 135
328 Depozyty szkieletowe 138
3 3 Grodzisko (stanowisko 3) 143
331 Strefa na zachód od bazyliki 144
3311 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt 145
33111 Obiekt 4 i tzw warstwa z kośćmi 151
3312 Skład anatomiczny ssaków 152
332 Strefa bazyliki 157
3321 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt 157
3322 Skład anatomiczny ssaków 160
333 Strefa majdanu 163
3331 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt 163
3332 Skład anatomiczny ssaków 166
334 Zachodnia krawędź majdanu 168
3341 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt 168
3342 Skład anatomiczny ssaków 171
335 Gródek 172
3351 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt 172
3352 Skład anatomiczny ssaków 175
3 4 Osada i cmentarzysko (stanowisko 4) 179
341 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt w kontekście chronologicznym 180
342 Skład anatomiczny ssaków w kontekście chronologicznym 180
343 Grupy i gatunki zwierząt a kategorie funkcjonalne obiektów 183
344 Skład anatomiczny ssaków a kategorie funkcjonalne obiektów 188
Rozdział 4 Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy wczesnośredniowiecznego zespołu osadniczego in Culmine oraz elementy
lokalnego środowiska w świetle badań archezoologicznych 193
4 1 Gospodarka zwierzętami 193
4 2 Socjotopografia 200
4 3 Środowisko przyrodnicze 205
Podsumowanie 209
Summary 213
Aneksy 1-21 217
Aneks 22 Ocena archeozoologiczna depozytów szkieletowych konia {Equusferus cabaliuś) z Kałdusa 307
Daniel Makowiecki, Marian Sobociński
Bibliografia 313
Summary
The Early Medieval Animal Economy and Social
Topography in
Culmine
on the Pomeranian Vistula
An Archaeozoological Study
The title of this publication encapsulates two
themes
-
animal economy and social topography; both
are the focus of archaeozoological studies undertaken
by the author in the context of the history and culture of
the early medieval community living in the settlement
complex at the foot of Mons
Sancii Lamentii.
The next
theme concerns the natural environment, particularly its
paleozoological ecology. All the topics listed above were
implemented on the grounds of two crucial streams, in¬
separably related to the process of research, i.e. methodo¬
logical conceptions and detailed studies of sources within
modern archaeozoology. The discipline mentioned above
was treated as a research tool enabling explanations of
the formation of deposits of animal bones on the basis
of information (source facts). It was assumed that their
formation was influenced by various and composite his¬
torical factors, both anthropogenic and natural. The first
ones were mainly perceived as the result of economic
human activity, the others were naturally conditioned, i.e.
the effect of the natural environment and factors modify¬
ing the original deposition of the animal bones.
It was assumed from the very beginning that
animal bone fragments were remnants of cooking and
consuming food of animal origin, and that they were
the effects of processing animal-related materials. The
source-analysis procedure concentrated on situating
the results of zoological analysis within archaeological
contexts. Firstly, this concerned various lists of fauna,
vertebrate groups, domestic mammals that were eaten,
wild mammals further distinguished as
Ammalia minuta
and
Ammalia
superiora,
as well as birds and fish.
Measurements evaluating these categories consisted
of absolute numerical data, based on the calculation of
relative percentages.
Biological-population data concerning animal mor¬
tality, sexual dimorphism, salubrity and metrical skeletal
features were collected as a separate set of information.
The archaeological context was composed of archaeo¬
logical sites, their internal functional zones and divisions
into phases. The latter category, defined by ceramic
stages was the key tool for organising the archaeological
data and enabled the definition of important
synchronie
and diachronic trends. It also made it possible to assign
categories of archaeological information to a particular
absolute chronology, situating these within the context
of socio-political and economic events taking place
inside and beyond the settlement complex.
As a result of the methodological and source
concepts outlined above, a body of data for particular
elements within the complex was obtained
-
settlements
and cemeteries (site
1, 2, 4)
and the stronghold (site
3).
Firstly,
a synchronie
listing of zoological data within
their archaeological contexts provided the foundation for
considering the key themes specified in the monograph s
title. The animal remains under study, representing a
rich faunal assemblage, were sub-divided into species;
differences based on the analysed indicators of distinct
animal groups were also reported. This was essentially
based on the distinct features of domestic mammals
and the other groups in particular areas of the studied
complex. All contexts differed as far as wild mammals,
birds and fish were concerned.
Analysis of this data reflecting relations between spe¬
cies within the category of edible domestic mammals was
214
Summary
the basis of analogous statements confirming the distinct
and separate nature of different areas of the settlement. It
turned out that at all the sites cattle and pigs were more
prevalent than other species. Furthermore, it was clear
that pigs were more prevalent in the settlements, com¬
pared with the stronghold, whilst the opposite situation
was observed in the case of cattle. Next, differences in the
studied material were observed on the basis of examining
the remains of sheep, goat, dog and cat. Various percent¬
age values of wild mammals were also calculated: fox,
squirrel, boar, red deer and roe deer from the settlement
(site
2)
and the stronghold. Other differences at various
points in the settlement complex were evident in the
varied number of chicken and almost all wild bird bones,
particularly wild galliformes, gruidae and falconiformes.
These differences were also clear in the relative represen¬
tation of fish
-
sturgeon remains were more frequently
found in the stronghold and cyprinids in the settlements.
As far as anatomical bone composition and animal
mortality are concerned the data differed to a lesser
extent. Anatomical elements of bone fragments were
recorded in the case of cattle, pig, sheep/goat, horse and
wild mammals
-
boar, red deer, roe deer and elk. Only
in the case of brown bear was there a clear prevalence
of cranial fragments in relation to limb bones, reflecting
data from two functionally different zones.
Slight differences were observed in the case of cattle,
pig and sheep/goat mortality. Various patterns in the
slaughter of these individual species could be identified,
alongside the presence of different age groups.
Analyses of sexually dimorphic features provided the
basis for conclusions on the almost identical representa¬
tion of males and females in herds of edible domestic
mammals. The latter category
-
osteometric values
-
re¬
vealed differences between the settlement (site
2)
and the
stronghold. Higher metrical values and withers height of
cattle and pig were observed at the latter site.
The next stages of source analysis concentrated
on particular sites. Rich and complex information was
obtained from the settlement and the cemetery (site
2)
and the stronghold (site
3).
This was the result of a large
number of samples of identifiable bones at each site,
numbering around
20,000
and
35,000
fragments respec¬
tively. As a result significant data was obtained which
provided the basis for outlining the differences between
the oldest and younger stages of the development of the
entire settlement complex.
Analyses of archaeological indicators supported the
conclusions concerning the distinct diversity of particu¬
lar areas on both sites. This was illustrated by the diverse
presence various animals; species of domestic mammals,
birds and fish.
Similar results were obtained in the case of particu¬
lar zones of the stronghold. Here it was also clear that
the impression from indicators of identical zoological
categories differs substantially from the overall picture
presented in chronological comparisons of the site. The
source-analysis stage of this research demonstrated the
differences in the majority of archaeozoological informa¬
tion structures. On the one hand it indicated a defined
economic system relating to the provisioning of the local
community with animal products. On the other, it high¬
lighted social topographical diversity within the studied
zones connected with different spheres of human activity
(domestic, economic, religious). The final topic of study,
examined during the analysis of zoological data in the
context of animal systematics, concerned aspects of the
natural environment of the Mountain of St. Laurence
within the period from the mid-7th century to the first
half of the
1
3th century.
In summary, thanks to studies which aimed to syn¬
chronise zoological data with archaeological contexts,
the final discussion consisted of a reflection on a) internal
social diversity, b) the character of ceremonies relating to
the magical-sacral zone, c) the economic system relating
to animal exploitation, and d) some characteristics of the
natural environment.
The results of this research enabled us to perceive
this early medieval settlement complex in
Culmine
as a
social structure functioning in accordance with defined
regularity. Firstly, this concerned the economic roles
of domestic animals, the natural environment and the
exploitation of faunal resources. The system was shaped
in a way that enabled the entire community to be pro¬
visioned with food, but its individual characteristics
resulted from the diverse functions of particular elements
of infrastructure within the settlement system, as well as
the social structure of the community.
It can be assumed that the area situated directly to
the west of the basilica was of exceptional significance
for two reasons. First
-
it was where spiritual life and all
consumption activity, expressed in occasional, commu¬
nal, traditional feasts (relating to pre-Christian culture)
were concentrated. Second
-
the character of the faunal
assemblage also reflected the gathering of elites who
possessed exceptional status in their religious and social
functions.
All the facets of the animal economy identified at this
site can be observed in contemporary Polish territories,
i.e. husbandry, hunting and fishing. The significance of
the latter two (non-agrarian) was no less important than
husbandry. They represented a strategic element of eco¬
nomic behavior in the annual cycle. Their implementa¬
tion was also justified by the fact that natural resources,
Summary
215
including fauna, were sufficient to fulfill the needs of the
centre and its inhabitants.
Analytical-source studies enabled the collection
of further data for conclusions concerning the historic
development of the center in
Culmine,
contributing sub¬
stantially to a better understanding of its economic func¬
tion, the development of the defined social-topographical
zones within the settlement complex, the value and mean¬
ing of the natural environment, as well as the extent of
the impact of the local community on this environment.
Although the work for this monograph has been
completed, this does not mean that archaeozoological
studies on the early medieval settlement complex in
Kałdus
are complete. Subsequent analyses will lead to
further conclusions on the economic and environmental
aspects of how the centre at the foot of Mons
Sancii Lau-
rentii functioned, and will also be helpful in verifying the
historical picture outlined in the monograph.
It can be expected that our knowledge on the health
of animal populations will continue to increase. More
information will be obtained after complete archaeozoo¬
logical analyses of bone and antlers products. There is
a need for professional studies of taphonomy, butchery
techniques and ways of preparing meat for consumption.
Future research will need to draw on all fragmentary
source material originating from other epochs. Moreo¬
ver, as genetic and
isotopie
studies become increasingly
common in archaeological research, their application in
future projects will clearly be necessary.
|
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| author | Makowiecki, Daniel |
| author_facet | Makowiecki, Daniel |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Makowiecki, Daniel |
| author_variant | d m dm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039600527 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)768480906 (DE-599)BVBBV039600527 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 600-1100 gnd Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 600-1100 Geschichte |
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| geographic | Culmer Land (DE-588)4010759-0 gnd Kałdus (DE-588)4825164-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Culmer Land Kałdus |
| id | DE-604.BV039600527 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:07:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788323125334 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024451413 |
| oclc_num | 768480906 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-B220 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-B220 DE-12 |
| physical | 322 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Wydawn. Uniw. Mikołaja Kopernika |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Seria: Mons Sancti Laurentii |
| series2 | Seria: Mons Sancti Laurentii |
| spelling | Makowiecki, Daniel Verfasser aut Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne Daniel Makowiecki Wyd. 1. Toruń Wydawn. Uniw. Mikołaja Kopernika 2010 322 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Seria: Mons Sancti Laurentii 6 Geschichte 600-1100 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Archäozoologie (DE-588)4211482-2 gnd rswk-swf Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd rswk-swf Sozialtopografie (DE-588)4313328-9 gnd rswk-swf Culmer Land (DE-588)4010759-0 gnd rswk-swf Kałdus (DE-588)4825164-1 gnd rswk-swf Kałdus (DE-588)4825164-1 g Sozialtopografie (DE-588)4313328-9 s Archäozoologie (DE-588)4211482-2 s Geschichte 600-1100 z DE-604 Culmer Land (DE-588)4010759-0 g Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 s Geschichte z Seria: Mons Sancti Laurentii 6 (DE-604)BV021284144 6 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024451413&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024451413&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Makowiecki, Daniel Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne Seria: Mons Sancti Laurentii Archäozoologie (DE-588)4211482-2 gnd Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd Sozialtopografie (DE-588)4313328-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4211482-2 (DE-588)4060087-7 (DE-588)4313328-9 (DE-588)4010759-0 (DE-588)4825164-1 |
| title | Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne |
| title_auth | Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne |
| title_exact_search | Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne |
| title_full | Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne Daniel Makowiecki |
| title_fullStr | Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne Daniel Makowiecki |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim studium archeozoologiczne Daniel Makowiecki |
| title_short | Wczesnośredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzętami i socjotopografia in Culmine na Pomorzu Nadwiślańskim |
| title_sort | wczesnosredniowieczna gospodarka zwierzetami i socjotopografia in culmine na pomorzu nadwislanskim studium archeozoologiczne |
| title_sub | studium archeozoologiczne |
| topic | Archäozoologie (DE-588)4211482-2 gnd Tiere (DE-588)4060087-7 gnd Sozialtopografie (DE-588)4313328-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Archäozoologie Tiere Sozialtopografie Culmer Land Kałdus |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024451413&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024451413&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021284144 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT makowieckidaniel wczesnosredniowiecznagospodarkazwierzetamiisocjotopografiainculminenapomorzunadwislanskimstudiumarcheozoologiczne |