Electricity generation using wind power:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Jersey [u.a.]
World Scientific
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 243 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789814304139 9814304131 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9814304131 |9 981-430413-1 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Shepherd, William |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Electricity generation using wind power |c William Shepherd ; Li Zhang |
| 264 | 1 | |a New Jersey [u.a.] |b World Scientific |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 243 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Windkraftwerk |0 (DE-588)4128839-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Wind power. | ||
| 653 | |a Electric power production. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Li |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148416835485696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Electricity generation using wind power
Autor: Shepherd, William Thomas
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Foreword and Acknowledgement
1. The Development of Wind Converters 1
1.1 Nature and Origin of the Wind.............. 1
1.2 Development of Wind Converters ............ 3
References............................ 6
2. Theory of Wind Converters 7
2.1 Power and Energy Basis of Wind Converters....... 7
2.1.1 Origin and properties of the wind........ 7
2.1.2 Power and energy................ 8
2.2 Theoretical Power Available in the Wind......... 9
2.3 Theoretical Maximum Power Extractable
from the Wind....................... 11
2.4 Practical Power Extractable from the Wind ....... 15
2.4.1 Power coefficient................ 15
2.4.2 Torque versus rotational speed ......... 16
2.4.3 Shaft power versus rotational speed....... 16
2.4.4 Tip-speed ratio (TSR).............. 17
2.5 Mechanical Features of Wind Machines......... 19
2.5.1 Axial thrust (Pressure).............. 19
2.5.2 The Yaw effect ................ 20
2.5.3 Gyroscopic forces and vibrations........ 20
2.5.4 Centrifugal forces................ 22
2.5.5 Solidity factor.................. 22
viii Electricity Generation Using Wind Power
2.5.6 Two rotor blades or three rotor blades?..... 23
2.5.7 Shaft torque and power............. 24
2.6 Fixed Rotational Speed or Variable Rotational
Speed?........................... 26
2.6.1 Constant speed operation............ 27
2.6.2 Variable speed operation............. 28
2.7 Efficiency Considerations of Wind-Powered
Electricity Generation................... 29
2.8 Worked Numerical Examples on Wind-Turbine
Operation......................... 31
2.9 Problems and Review Questions............. 36
References............................ 38
3. Past and Present Wind-Energy Turbines 41
3.1 Nineteenth-Century Windmills.............. 41
3.2 Early Twentieth-Century Wind-Energy Turbines..... 43
3.3 Later Twentieth-Century Wind-Energy Turbines..... 48
3.4 Modern Large Wind Power Installations......... 51
3.5 Worked Numerical Example............... 59
3.6 Vertical Axis Wind Machines............... 60
3.6.1 The Savonius design............... 61
3.6.2 The Darrieus design............... 62
3.6.3 Other forms of vertical axis machine...... 63
References............................ 63
4. The Location and Siting of Wind Turbines 65
4.1 The Availability of Wind Supply............. 65
4.1.1 Global survey.................. 65
4.1.2 Energy content of the wind........... 66
4.1.3 Wind-energy supply in Europe......... 68
4.1.4 Wind-energy supply in the USA......... 74
4.2 Statistical Representation of Wind Speed......... 79
4.3 Choice of Wind Turbine Sites............... 84
4.3.1 Identification of suitable areas.......... 85
4.3.2 Selection of possible sites within the
chosen area ................... 85
Contents ix
4.4 Effects of the Site Terrain................. 87
4.5 Spacing Effects of Wind Farm Arrays.......... 89
4.6 Problems and Review Questions............. 91
References............................ 92
5. Power Flow in Electrical Transmission and Distribution
Systems 93
5.1 Basic Forms of Power Transmission Networks...... 93
5.2 Current and Voltage Relationships............ 95
5.3 Power Relationships in Sinusoidal Circuits........ 99
5.3.1 Instantaneous power............... 99
5.3.2 Average power and apparent power....... 100
5.3.3 Power factor................... 101
5.3.4 Reactive power ................. 103
5.4 Complex Power...................... 105
5.5 Real Power Flow and Reactive Power Flow
in Electrical Power Systems ............... 109
5.5.1 General summary................ 109
5.5.2 Summary from the perspective of the
consumer..................... Ill
References............................ Ill
6. Electrical Generator Machines in Wind-Energy Systems 113
6.1 DC Generators...................... 113
6.2 AC Generators ...................... 114
6.3 Synchronous Machine Generators............ 114
6.4 Three-Phase Induction Machine............. 121
6.4.1 Three-phase induction motor.......... 122
6.4.2 Three-phase induction generator........ 127
6.4.3 Different generation systems.......... 132
6.5 Analysis of Induction Generator in Terms
of Complex Vector Representation............ 136
6.5.1 Three-phase to d-q-0 space vector
transformation.................. 140
6.6 Switched Reluctance Machines.............. 143
6.6.1 Switched reluctance motors........... 143
6.6.2 Switched reluctance generator.......... 144
x Electricity Generation Using Wind Power
6.7 What Form of Generator is the Best Choice
for Wind Generation Systems?.............. 145
References............................ 146
7. Power Electronic Converters in Wind-Energy Systems 147
7.1 Types of Semiconductor Switching Converters...... 147
7.2 Three-Phase Controlled Bridge Rectifier......... 148
7.3 Three-Phase Controlled Bridge Inverter Feeding
an Infinite Bus....................... 154
7.3.1 Output voltage.................. 154
7.3.2 Real (average) power output........... 158
7.3.3 Reactive power ................. 159
7.3.4 RMS output current............... 160
7.3.5 Inverter power factor .............. 162
7.4 The Effect of AC System Reactance
on Inverter Operation................... 164
7.5 Three-Phase Cycloconverter Feeding
an Infinite Bus....................... 165
7.6 Matrix Converter Feeding an Infinite Bus........ 166
7.7 Worked Numerical Examples............... 169
7.7.1 Three-phase bridge rectifier........... 169
7.7.2 Three-phase bridge inverter feeding on
infinite bus.................... 170
7.8 Commonly Used Forms of Power Electronic
Drive in Wind-Energy Systems.............. 175
7.8.1 Fixed-speed and directly coupled cage
induction generator............... 175
7.8.2 Variable-speed and doubly fed induction
generator..................... 176
7.8.3 Variable-speed and direct drive synchronous
generator..................... 177
7.9 Problems and Review Questions............. 178
7.9.1 Three-phase controlled bridge rectifier, with
ideal supply, feeding a highly inductive load . . 178
Contents xi
7.9.2 Three-phase, full-wave, and controlled bridge
inverter feeding an infinite bus ......... 179
References............................ 180
8. Integrating Wind Power Generation into an Electrical
Power System 181
8.1 Electricity Distribution Systems............. 182
8.2 Issues for Consideration Concerning the
Integration of Wind-Energy Generation into an Electric
Power System....................... 183
8.2.1 Energy credit................... 184
8.2.2 Capacity credit.................. 187
8.2.3 Control and reliability.............. 188
8.3 The Effect of Integrated Wind Generation
on Steady-State System Voltages............. 190
8.4 The Effect of Integrated Wind Generation
on Dynamic and Transient System Voltages....... 193
8.4.1 Lightning strikes................. 194
8.4.2 Voltage flicker.................. 194
8.4.3 Harmonics.................... 195
8.4.4 Self-excitation of induction generators..... 200
References............................ 201
9. Environmental Aspects of Wind Energy 203
9.1 Reduction of Emissions.................. 203
9.1.1 World consumption of coal........... 203
9.1.2 Open coal fires.................. 205
9.2 Effluents due to Coal Burning .............. 206
9.2.1 Sulphur oxides.................. 206
9.2.2 Nitrogen oxides................. 207
9.2.3 Particulates ................... 208
9.2.4 Carbon dioxide ................. 209
9.3 Wind Turbine Noise.................... 209
9.3.1 Measurement of wind turbine aerodynamic
noise....................... 212
9.3.2 Mechanical noise................ 214
xii Electricity Generation Using Wind Power
9.4 Electromagnetic Interference from Wind Turbines .... 215
9.4.1 Electromagnetic interference radiated
from wind turbines ............... 215
9.4.2 Electromagnetic interference effects due
to the rotating blades .............. 216
9.5 Effect of a Wind Turbine on Wildlife........... 217
9.6 Visual Impact of Wind Turbines ............. 219
9.6.1 Individual response............... 219
9.6.2 Shadow flicker.................. 219
9.7 Safety Aspects of Wind-Turbine Operation........ 220
References............................ 220
10. Economic Aspects of Wind Power 223
10.1 Investment Aspects of Wind-Powered Electricity
Generation ........................ 223
10.1.1 Costs of the turbines and generators....... 224
10.1.2 Costs of the turbine site, construction,
and grid connection............... 225
10.1.3 Operation and maintenance (O and M) costs . . 226
10.1.4 Turbine lifetime and depreciation rate...... 227
10.1.5 Cost associated with the financing of wind farm
building and operation.............. 228
10.1.6 Wind regime at the turbine site......... 229
10.2 Comparative Costs of Generating Electricity
from Different Fuel Sources............... 230
References............................ 234
Answers to the End of Chapter Problems 237
Index 241
|
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| id | DE-604.BV039584290 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:06:48Z |
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| isbn | 9789814304139 9814304131 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XII, 243 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
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| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | World Scientific |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Shepherd, William Verfasser aut Electricity generation using wind power William Shepherd ; Li Zhang New Jersey [u.a.] World Scientific 2011 XII, 243 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Windkraftwerk (DE-588)4128839-7 gnd rswk-swf Wind power. Electric power production. Windkraftwerk (DE-588)4128839-7 s DE-604 Zhang, Li Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024435515&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Shepherd, William Electricity generation using wind power Windkraftwerk (DE-588)4128839-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128839-7 |
| title | Electricity generation using wind power |
| title_auth | Electricity generation using wind power |
| title_exact_search | Electricity generation using wind power |
| title_full | Electricity generation using wind power William Shepherd ; Li Zhang |
| title_fullStr | Electricity generation using wind power William Shepherd ; Li Zhang |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electricity generation using wind power William Shepherd ; Li Zhang |
| title_short | Electricity generation using wind power |
| title_sort | electricity generation using wind power |
| topic | Windkraftwerk (DE-588)4128839-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Windkraftwerk |
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