Formulaic language: pushing the boundaries
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2009
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| Ausgabe: | [Nachdr.] |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford applied linguistics
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 305 S. graph. Darst., Noten |
| ISBN: | 9780194422451 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents Preface and Acknowledgments - xiii part one Determining boundaries -1 1 Introduction - з Boundaries - 3 At the boundaries - 4 Five questions about formulaic language - 5 The structure of the book - 6 2 Conceptualizing formulaic language - 5։ Introduction - 9 Orientation: what is formulaic language? - 9 Definition: the morpheme equivalent unit -11 Three key conceptual claims about morpheme equivalent units -12 —The mental lexicon is heteromorphic ֊12 —The content of the lexicon is determined through Needs Only Analysis -17 —MEUs enable the speaker to manipulate the hearer -2 0 3 Working at the boundaries - 23 Introduction - 23 Conflicts between formulaicity and novelty - 23 —A clash of irregular and regular forms - 23 —Humour-25 —When the impossible becomes possible - 25 —When the morpheme equivalent unit constrains expression-2Ճ — Speech errors ֊27 How idioms are processed -2 8 The question of novelty - 33 Exploring morpheme equivalent units - 34
4 Formulaic language and the oral tradition - 3 7 Introduction -37 Autonomy- 37 Formulaic language and the oral tradition -38 — Oral texts - 3 8 —The nature of formulas in oral texts -40 — Formulas as a mark of antiquity: solving an ancient mystery -41 —The transition to written record - 43 — Formulas in written compositions - 45 Writing: a cause or symptom of change? - 46 5 Formulaicity in speech and writing - 45» Introduction - 451 Literacy and perceptions of language and the world -45» —How we engage with language - 49 —Literacy and our world view - 30 —Written text and information - yi Formulaicity in language across domains - y z —Levels of autonomy in speech and writing - 52 —Expressive autonomy in closed and open societies -33 Conclusion: formulaicity as a measure of autonomy-у б part two 6 Locating boundaries - 61 Morpheme equivalent units in the bigger picture - 63 Introduction - 63 The desiderata for a comprehensive model of language - 64 —Three parameters: patterns, their causes, and the principles behind them - 64 —Interactions across boundaries - 67 Locating formulaic language in a comprehensive model -68 —Points of reference: causes of formulaic language - 69 To the interface - 70 7 Evaluating models at the interface - 73 Introduction - 73 Generative theory - 74 Functional grammar - 77
Corpus-driven models - 80 —Pattern grammar -81 —Frame semantics - 83 The cognitive approach - 84 Conclusion -87 8 Identifying formulaic material in real texts - 93 Why is identification so difficult? - 513 —Identification and definition - 93 Types of definition, and their implications for identification - 94 —How definitions apply to examples - 97 Example approaches to identification through definition - 99 —Definition and identification in the case studies in this book - 99 —Two purposes of identification ֊100 —Frequency - 101 —Phonological indicators of formulaicity -102 —Form - J04 — Idiosyncrasies -107 — Spelling - 106 —Intuition -107 —Published lists and corpora -109 — Mixed criteria -no —Bespoke designations - no Conclusion-ixi 9 A diagnostic approach to identifying morpheme equivalent units -113 Introduction -113 Intuition as a tool -113 The criterion-based approach -114 —Validation -1x5 —Notes on applying the diagnostics effectively -115 Eleven diagnostic criteria for assessing intuitive judgements about formulaicity -116 —Using the diagnostic criteria -121 Examples of the diagnostic criteria in action -122 Conclusion -126
PART THREE xo Studies at the boundaries -125» TESSA: a case study in machine translation -131 Overview ֊131 The design of the TESSA system -131 TESSA and morpheme equivalent units - 13 y n TALK: a formulaic approach to supporting communication in the speech-disabled -13 7 Overview -137 Introduction -137 TALK in action: some observations -140 Conclusion -141 12 Formulaic language learning: the beginner -143 Overview -143 Introduction -143 The study -144 The data -145 Analysis -147 —To what extent were memorized strings successfully recalled? -147 —Where were errors and pauses located? -148 —What errors were made? -1451 Conclusion -1 jr I 13 Formulaic language learning: advanced -153 Overview -133 Introduction -153 Design -134 —Participants -134 —Procedure -133 Data -136 — Quantification -137 Analysis -138 —Were all participants equally able to memorize and recall nativelike material? -138 —What were the limitations on reproducing memorized material in a real conversation? - 138 —What sorts of conversations were most receptive to the anticipation and effective reproduction of useful material? -1351
—What sorts of changes were made when memorized material was not perfectly reproduced? - 160 — Can individual profiles of performance indicate linguistic strengths and weaknesses? -162 Conclusion -164 14 Meanings of the parts and meaning of the whole - 165 Overview - 165 The case -16j What does ‘coonass’ really mean? -16y How we make meaning -168 Conclusion — J70 15 Formulaicity and naturalness in a French and Saunders sketch -173 Overview -173 Introduction -173 Naturalness as a goal in acting - Г75 The Extras by French and Saunders - 176 Naturalness in The Extras -176 Symptoms of ‘naturalness’ and ‘unnaturalness’ -177 —Why did French and Saunders sound more natural than Briers and McEwen? -180 Modelling the routes to naturalness in The Extras - 182 The risks of naturalness’ -183 Conclusion -184 part four 16 Examining the boundaries -187 Formulas as the default -189 Introduction -189 Evidence for the default -189 Unawareness and tolerance of irregular forms within morpheme equivalent units -190 —The ‘Royal Highness’ paradigm - 190 —Harry Potter and the formulaic spells -190 Incomplete intuitions, relative to objective evidence -191 —Accounting for poor intuitions -192 —The acquisition of logical forms -194
The default position in extremis -19 j —Clinical evidence for formulaicity as the default -196 —Idiom comprehension - 200 Conclusion -202 17 Origin and dynamics of formulaic language -20y Introduction - 205 How would the default have come about? - 205 —Formulaicity and language evolution - 20 j —Formulaic language to the rescue -206 — Formulaic language first - 207 —A modern example -209 — Continuity - 210 Shifting the default boundary - 210 —Idealized scenarios of language use and language change-2 jo —Realizations of esoteric and exoteric communication - 2x3 Different default boundaries and communication - 214 — Different formulaic knowledge -214 — Choices about group membership -216 Conclusion - 217 18 Formulaic language learning inadults-շշյ Introduction - 221 Establishing the boundary between formulaic and analytic engagement - 22 x Units of language knowledge - 223 —The circumstances of learning - 223 —Learning in different situations - 225 Making formulaic learning work - 227 — Limitations of formulaic learning in adulthood - 229 — Opportunities for learning in a new way - 23 2 Conclusion - 233 19 Teaching language to computers - 23 5 Introduction - 235 What units are most appropriate for natural language processing by computer? - 23 j —The representation of meaning - 237 —Unit size - 239
Could computers acquire a language like a child? - 241 —Applying NOA to computer language learning - 242 Conclusion — 244 20 Formulaicity under pressure - 24 7 Introduction - 247 Formulaicity for basic proficiency - 247 Formulaicity for fluency -248 Formulaicity for fidelity - 249 Formulaicity for greater accuracy -230 Risk-taking in memorization -2yx —Verbatim memorization in acting -252 —Taking risks in memorization ֊ 253 —The calculation of risk by language learners - 234 — Risk as an index of proficiency - 233 Memorization as a route to success - 23 Ճ Conclusion - 237 21 Formulaic language, formulaic thought - 239 Introduction - 239 Formulaic sequences for social control - 239 Formulaic language as a straitjacket - 261 —The inherent constraints on creativity of a holistic protolanguage -2 61 Modern-day constrained signalling systems - 263 —Motor racing flags -264 —Nautical flags - 2 66 —Military trumpet and bugle calls - 267 —Patterns of constraint in limited signalling systems - 272 Conclusion -2 73 22 Across the boundaries - 2 77 Introduction - 277 Taking stock at the boundaries - 277 Formulaic language and the challenges of communication - 279 —Flow formulaic language assists communication - 279 —Addressing the complex problem using formulaic language-2 S3
Opportunities for future research - 284 —Adult language learning - 2 84 — Computational linguistics - 28 j —Forensic linguistics - 28j —Performance - 285 — Communication disorders - 28j Final word-286 References- 2 8y Index - 3 03
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| spelling | Wray, Alison 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)136496075 aut Formulaic language pushing the boundaries Alison Wray [Nachdr.] Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2009 XV, 305 S. graph. Darst., Noten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford applied linguistics Language acquisition Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) Psycholinguistics Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd rswk-swf Formel (DE-588)4133595-8 gnd rswk-swf Formelsprache Fachsprache (DE-588)4385209-9 gnd rswk-swf Formelsprache Fachsprache (DE-588)4385209-9 s DE-604 Formel (DE-588)4133595-8 s Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024429931&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Wray, Alison 1960- Formulaic language pushing the boundaries Language acquisition Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) Psycholinguistics Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd Formel (DE-588)4133595-8 gnd Formelsprache Fachsprache (DE-588)4385209-9 gnd |
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| title | Formulaic language pushing the boundaries |
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| title_full | Formulaic language pushing the boundaries Alison Wray |
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| title_short | Formulaic language |
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